公开(公告)号：US20090156873A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-18

申请号：US12391063

申请日：2009-02-23

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: C07C5/32

CPC classification number: C07C5/3332 ,  B01J23/78 ,  C07C2523/745 ,  C07C15/46

Abstract: Methods and systems for extending the life of a dehydrogenation catalyst are described herein. For example, one embodiment includes providing an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon feed stream to a reaction chamber, contacting the feed stream with a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, the dehydrogenation catalyst including iron oxide and an alkali metal catalysis promoter and supplying a catalyst life extender to at least one reaction chamber, the reaction chamber loaded with the dehydrogenation catalyst, wherein the catalyst life extender includes a potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了用于延长脱氢催化剂寿命的方法和系统。 例如，一个实施方案包括向反应室提供烷基芳族烃进料流，使进料流与脱氢催化剂接触以形成乙烯基芳族烃，脱氢催化剂包括氧化铁和碱金属催化促进剂并提供催化剂寿命 延伸至至少一个反应室，反应室装载有脱氢催化剂，其中催化剂生命延长剂包括羧酸的钾盐。

公开(公告)号：US20070161836A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-12

申请号：US11326658

申请日：2006-01-07

Applicant: James Butler ,  Kevin Kelly

Inventor： James Butler ,  Kevin Kelly

IPC: C07C2/64 ,  B01J8/04

CPC classification number: B01J8/04 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J29/088 ,  B01J29/7057 ,  B01J29/90 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00038 ,  B01J2219/0004 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C2529/08 ,  C07C2529/70 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  C07C15/073

Abstract: Alkylation systems and methods are described herein and generally include contacting an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon with a cerium promoted zeolite catalyst and then contacting the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkylation catalyst to form a second aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract translation: 烷基化系统和方法在本文中描述，并且通常包括使烷基芳族烃与铈促进的沸石催化剂接触，然后使烷基芳族烃与烷基化催化剂接触以形成第二芳族烃。

公开(公告)号：US20070016669A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-18

申请号：US11423476

申请日：2006-06-12

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: G06F15/173

CPC classification number: H04L67/2838 ,  G06Q30/06 ,  H04L41/5038 ,  H04L67/02 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1006 ,  H04L67/1008 ,  H04L67/1014 ,  H04L67/1027 ,  H04L67/1034 ,  H04L67/2823

Abstract: A system for providing granular functionality called web services to commercial customers includes a web server configured to accept service requests from software application clients, functional implementations of the services, and a means of accounting for usage. The service grid architecture makes practical a reliable commercial provider of web services in the face of unreliable sources of functional implementations. This is accomplished through the commoditization of multiple implementation sources per service, standard forms for each service to which a plurality of sources is adapted, and a rules based approach to source selection per service call.

Abstract translation: 用于向商业客户提供称为Web服务的粒度功能的系统包括被配置为接受来自软件应用客户端的服务请求的web服务器，服务的功能实现以及对使用的记帐的方法。 面对不可靠的功能实现来源，服务网格架构使Web服务的可靠商业提供商变得实际可行。 这是通过每个服务的多个实现源的商品化，多个源适配的每个服务的标准形式以及基于规则的每个服务调用的源选择方法来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US20060199127A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-07

申请号：US11069354

申请日：2005-03-01

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: F23D11/44

CPC classification number: F23C3/002 ,  F23C2900/99001 ,  Y02E20/342

Abstract: Hydrocarbon streams are heated uniformly and directly using one or more flameless oxidation burners. Flameless oxidation burners may control the temperature within a range of about 50° C. to reduce the tendency to coking due to localized “hot spots”. The hydrocarbon streams, which may be monomer streams, may pass cross-current (perpendicular) to burners having a longitudinal design or configuration, or may pass parallel to such burners.

Abstract translation: 使用一个或多个无焰氧化燃烧器均匀且直接地加热碳氢化合物流。 无焰氧化燃烧器可以将温度控制在约50℃的范围内，以减少由于局部“热点”引起的焦化倾向。 可以是单体流的烃流可以将横流（垂直）通过具有纵向设计或构造的燃烧器，或者可以平行于这种燃烧器通过。

公开(公告)号：US20060183955A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-17

申请号：US11397984

申请日：2006-04-05

Applicant: Xin Xiao ,  James Butler

Inventor： Xin Xiao ,  James Butler

IPC: C07C5/13 ,  B01J21/14

CPC classification number: B01J21/066 ,  B01J23/30 ,  B01J23/8892 ,  B01J27/053 ,  B01J35/1014 ,  B01J35/1038 ,  B01J35/1061 ,  B01J37/20 ,  B01J37/32 ,  C10G35/06 ,  C10G45/60

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a catalyst having a high surface area and pore volume. The process includes freeze drying an intermediary of the catalyst. The present invention further includes a catalyst prepared by a process that includes the freeze drying step. The present invention also includes a catalyst having a high acidity, as indicated by having an ammonium desorption peak at greater than about 500° C. The prevent invention further includes a method of manufacturing isomerized organic compounds using the catalyst.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了制备具有高表面积和孔体积的催化剂的方法。 该方法包括冷冻干燥催化剂的中间体。 本发明还包括通过包括冷冻干燥步骤的方法制备的催化剂。 本发明还包括具有高酸度的催化剂，如通过在大于约500℃具有铵解吸峰所表明的。本发明还包括使用该催化剂制备异构化有机化合物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20060124031A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-15

申请号：US11010612

申请日：2004-12-13

Applicant: James Butler ,  William Lee ,  Paul Buras

Inventor： James Butler ,  William Lee ,  Paul Buras

IPC: C08L95/00 ,  C08L91/00 ,  C09D101/00

CPC classification number: C08L95/00 ,  C08L2666/74

Abstract: An asphalt/aggregate composition having enhanced adhesion characteristics and its preparation. An asphalt base material is heated to a molten state in order to permit mixing of the asphalt with added components. A heavy metal soap is incorporated into the asphalt base material to enhance the adhesion of the asphalt base material with an aggregate component which is mixed with the asphalt base material to provide an asphalt/aggregate blend. The asphalt and aggregate can be blended together in a mixing chamber to provide a fluid asphalt/aggregate concrete which is then dispensed on a substrate surface or the asphalt base material and aggregate components can be separately applied to the substrate surface to provide the ultimate asphalt/aggregate concrete. The heavy metal soap is a C14-C18 heavy metal soap such as zinc stearate. Zinc oxide may also be added to the asphalt base material in an amount which is less than the amount of zinc stearate. The asphalt base material may be polymer-modified asphalt and may incorporate a crumb rubber component to provide a rubber-modified asphalt.

Abstract translation: 具有增强的粘合特性及其制备的沥青/骨料组合物。 将沥青基材料加热至熔融状态，以使沥青与添加的组分混合。 沥青基材中加入重金属皂以增强沥青基材与沥青基料混合的聚集体组分的粘附性，从而提供沥青/骨料混合物。 沥青和骨料可以在混合室中混合在一起，以提供流体沥青/骨料混凝土，然后将其分配到基材表面上，或者将沥青基体材料和骨料组分分别施加到基材表面以提供最终的沥青/ 骨料混凝土 重金属皂是C 14-14 -C 18重金属皂，例如硬脂酸锌。 也可以将氧化锌以少于硬脂酸锌的量添加到沥青基材中。 沥青基材料可以是聚合物改性沥青，并且可以加入碎屑橡胶组分以提供橡胶改性沥青。

公开(公告)号：US20060084567A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-20

申请号：US10967881

申请日：2004-10-18

Applicant: Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

Inventor： Kevin Kelly ,  James Butler

IPC: B01J29/06

CPC classification number: C07C2/66 ,  B01J29/061 ,  B01J29/7057 ,  B01J37/0009 ,  B01J2229/42 ,  C07C15/073

Abstract: A metal-modified alkylation catalyst including a metalizeolite is provided where the metal is one or two selected from the group consisting of yttrium and a rare earth of the lanthanide series other than cerium. Where two metals are used, one may be Ce or La. The metal-promoted zeolite is useful as a molecular sieve aromatic alkylation catalyst for the production of ethylbenzene by the ethylation of benzene in the liquid phase or critical phase. An alkylation product is produced containing ethylbenzene as a primary product with the attendant production of heavier alkylated by-products of no more than 10-60 wt % of the ethylbenzene.

Abstract translation: 提供了包含金属闪石的金属改性烷基化催化剂，其中金属是选自钇和除铈之外的镧系稀土稀土族中的一种或两种。 在使用两种金属的情况下，可以使用Ce或La，金属促进的沸石可用作通过苯在液相或临界相中乙基化生产乙苯的分子筛芳烃烷基化催化剂。 生产含有乙苯作为主要产物的烷基化产物，伴随着生产不超过乙苯的10-60重量％的较重的烷基化副产物。

公开(公告)号：US20050274169A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US10865380

申请日：2004-06-10

Applicant: James Butler ,  Alex Colvin ,  Thomas Korniski ,  Christine Gierczak

Inventor： James Butler ,  Alex Colvin ,  Thomas Korniski ,  Christine Gierczak

IPC: G01N1/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N35/00

CPC classification number: G01N1/2252 ,  G01N2001/2297

Abstract: An apparatus and method of exhaust gas analysis. It includes maintaining a gas sample at a constant temperature and at a constant pressure and maintaining a constant gas sample delay time.

Abstract translation: 废气分析装置和方法。 它包括将气体样品保持在恒定温度和恒定压力下，并保持恒定的气体样品延迟时间。

公开(公告)号：US20050223643A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US11149583

申请日：2005-06-10

Applicant: James Butler

Inventor： James Butler

IPC: F22B7/00 ,  F22B31/00 ,  F23C13/00 ,  F23C99/00 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: F22B7/00 ,  F22B31/00 ,  F23C13/00 ,  F23C99/00 ,  F23C2900/99001 ,  Y02E20/342

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for generating steam, comprising oxidizing a fuel to generate heat via a flameless reaction; and using the heat generated via the reaction to convert water to steam. In an embodiment, the amount of NOx present is flue gas from the reaction is less than about 10 PPMv. In an embodiment, the reaction temperature is less than about 2600° F. (1430° C.). In an embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the reaction temperature to minimize the formation of NOx. In an embodiment, controlling the reaction temperature further comprises sensing one or more process variables and adjusting a process controller in response to the sensed process variable. Also disclosed herein is a steam generator comprising a reaction zone wherein fuel is oxidized to generate heat via a flameless reaction and a heating zone wherein water is converted to steam via heat from the reaction.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种产生蒸汽的方法，包括氧化燃料以通过无焰反应产生热量; 并使用通过反应产生的热量将水转化为蒸汽。 在一个实施方案中，存在的NO x的量是来自反应的烟道气小于约10PPMv。 在一个实施方案中，反应温度低于约2600°F（1430℃）。 在一个实施方案中，该方法还包括控制反应温度以最小化NO x的形成。 在一个实施例中，控制反应温度进一步包括感测一个或多个过程变量并响应于感测到的过程变量调整过程控制器。 本文还公开了一种蒸汽发生器，其包括反应区，其中燃料被氧化以通过无焰反应产生热量，以及加热区，其中通过反应经由热量将水转化为蒸汽。

公开(公告)号：US06737793B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US10378650

申请日：2003-03-05

Applicant: Pehr Pehrsson ,  James Butler

Inventor： Pehr Pehrsson ,  James Butler

IPC: H01J102

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J1/312 ,  H01J9/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J2201/30446 ,  H01J2201/30457

Abstract: An apparatus for emitting electrons is provided. The apparatus includes a subsurface emitter having a sharp tip, a substrate including a base, and electrical continuity between the tip, the base, and an external circuit. This emitter structure may be used to form individual emitters or arrays of emitters. Also provided is a method of making electron emitters which is comprised of implanting energetic ions into a diamond lattice to form cones or other continuous regions of damaged diamond. These regions are more electrically conducting than the surrounding diamond lattice, and have locally sharp tips at or near the point of entry of the ion into the diamond. The tips may then also be additionally coated with a layer of a wide band-gap semiconductor. An electrically conducting material may also be placed in proximity to the tips to generate an electric field sufficient to extract electrons from the conducting tips into either the region above the surface, or into the wide band-gap semiconductor layer in contact with the tips. Electrical contact is made to the electrically conducting damage tracks and the electrical circuit may be completed with an electrically conducting material on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductor or diamond, or in the ambient above the surface of the emitter. The surface of the wideband gap semiconductor or diamond may be chemically modified to enhance the emission of electrons from the surface.

Abstract translation: 提供一种用于发射电子的装置。 该装置包括具有尖锐尖端的地下发射器，包括基座的基板以及尖端，基座和外部电路之间的电连续性。 该发射器结构可以用于形成发射器的单独发射器或阵列。 还提供了一种制造电子发射体的方法，其包括将能量离子注入到金刚石晶格中以形成损坏的金刚石的锥体或其它连续区域。 这些区域比周围的金刚石晶格更具导电性，并且在离子进入金刚石的位置处或附近具有局部尖锐的尖端。 然后可以另外涂覆一层宽带隙半导体的尖端。 还可以将导电材料放置在靠近尖端处以产生足以将电子从导电尖端引入到表面上方的区域中的电场，或者与尖端接触的宽带隙半导体层中。 对导电损伤轨道进行电接触，并且电路可以在宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面上或在发射器表面上的环境中的导电材料完成。 宽带隙半导体或金刚石的表面可以被化学修饰以增强从表面发射电子。