摘要:
A sensor comprising a sensor element, a metallic housing holding therewithin the sensor element, an inner tubular member fixed to an axially rearward end of the metallic housing, and an outer tubular member radially surrounding the inner tubular member and having a radially inward crimping section for contact with an outer surface of the inner tubular member, wherein an axially forward end of the crimping section is disposed axially apart from an axially forward end of the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.5 mm or less.
摘要:
A humidity-sensitive porous layer (13) of a humidity-sensitive element section (3) of a humidity sensor (1) is formed of a crystalline phase oxide grains such as Al2O3—SnO2—TiO2 and of a glass phase such as silicate glass covering the crystalline phase. The glass phase contains an alkali metal oxide and/or alkaline earth metal oxide such as Li2O. The humidity sensitive porous layer (13) assumes a skeletal structure that is formed of crystalline phase oxide grains covered or coated with the glass phase. A heater (17) of the humidity sensor is controlled to heat the humidity-sensitive element section (3) at a temperature ranging from 500° C. to 800° C. so as to clean off the humidity-sensitive element section while an internal combustion engine is running and exhausting fouling substances. Measurement of Humidity in an exhaust gas exhausted from an exhaust gas purifying apparatus of an internal combustion engine is carried out by using the humidity sensor (1), so long as the exhaust gas temperature does not exceed 100° C. regardless of whether or not the engine is running.
摘要:
A detecting-element assembly (40) is configured such that a piezoelectric element (51) is housed in a casing body portion (43) of a casing (42), and is attached to a housing portion (22) of a flow path formation member (20) via a flange portion (41). Therefore, the path between the piezoelectric element (51) and the position of attachment of the detecting-element assembly (40) is elongated, whereby ultrasonic waves which leak into the interior of the detecting-element assembly (40) from the piezoelectric element (51) become unlikely to reflectively return from a joint. Thus, the influence of, for example, noise stemming from reflected waves is reduced, thereby enhancing the accuracy of detection. An average clearance of 1 millimeter or more is provided along the outer circumferential surface of the casing body portion (43) of the detecting-element assembly (40), whereby a problem of collected foreign matter is unlikely to occur.
摘要:
A fluid composition for a refrigerator, which comprises a chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant and a refrigerator oil, said refrigerator oil consisting essentially of a tetraester of pentaerythritol of formula (1) with both 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, said refrigerator oil exhibiting a pour point not higher than −10° C.
摘要:
A method for detecting the concentration of a specific component in gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, which includes detecting the concentration of the specific component under certain driving conditions to determine a zero point, which indicates a zero concentration of the specific component, of the detection output; calibrating the detection output of the gas sensor based on the determined zero point; and detecting the concentration of the specific component in exhaust gas based on the calibrated detection output.
摘要:
A gas concentration sensor includes a measurement chamber for measuring a concentration of a specific gas component in a gas under measurement; an inflow path for allowing inflow of the gas under measurement thereinto and an outflow path for allowing outflow of the gas under measurement therefrom; a reflection wall for reflecting an acoustic wave; and an acoustic wave transmitting-receiving element having a transmitting-receiving surface adapted to transmit an acoustic wave toward the reflection wall and receive an acoustic wave reflected from the reflection wall. The concentration of the specific gas in the gas under measurement is detected on the basis of a propagation time between transmission of the acoustic wave and reception of the reflected acoustic wave. When a predetermined member having the sensor attached thereto is placed in a horizontal plane, the transmitting-receiving surface faces downward. A recess is formed in a peripheral portion of the reflection wall. The recess is receded toward a back surface of the reflection wall, namely, in a direction away from the transmitting-receiving surface.
摘要:
A gas sensor includes an element case 42 with an internal peripheral surface formed as a taper surface 100. A portion of a housing section 43 surrounded by the taper surface 100 and a protective film 48 is filled with a filler 49. When the filler 49 thermally expands at high temperature, the filler 49 is subjected to a component of force in an upward direction by the taper surface 100. Therefore, projection of an element portion 44 involving deformation of the protective film 48 is suppressed, a change ΔL of a propagation distance L to a reflecting section 33 is also suppressed, and a detection accuracy never decreases. In addition, reverberation is reduced.
摘要:
A CO sensor and a CO-concentration measurement method which enables accurate measurement of CO concentration irrespective of the hydrogen concentration of a gas under measurement. By applying a first predetermined voltage between first and second electrodes 7 and 8, hydrogen contained in a gas under measurement which has been introduced into a first measurement space 2 via a first diffusion-controlling section 1 dissociates, decomposes, or reacts with another element to generate protons. The thus-generated protons are transported from the first electrode 7 to the second electrode 8 via a first proton-conductive layer 5 or protons are transported from the second electrode 8 to the first electrode 7 via the first proton-conductive layer 5 (when the hydrogen concentration of the measurement gas is extremely low), so that the hydrogen concentration within the first measurement space 2 is controlled to a constant level. The gas under measurement having a controlled hydrogen concentration is introduced into a second measurement space 4 via a second diffusion-controlling section 3, and a second predetermined voltage is applied between third and fourth electrodes 9 and 10. The CO concentration of the gas under measurement is obtained based on current (a limiting proton current) which flows between the third and fourth electrodes 9 and 10. Alternatively, the CO concentration of the gas under measurement is obtained from electromotive force generated between the third and fourth electrodes 9 and 10.
摘要:
This is a method and apparatus for accurately determining a NOx concentration of a measurement gas that contains H2O and/or CO2, without being affected by a dissociation of H2O and/or CO2. In this method and apparatus, (1) the NOx-measurement gas containing H2O and/or CO2 is introduced to travel through a heated flow channel formed by an oxygen ion conductive solid ceramic electrolyte body that electrically control amount of O2 from the flow channel, (2) while said measurement gas travels, a residual gas including NO and H2O and/or CO2 is formed from the measurement gas, (3) said residual gas is flowed to contact a catalytic electrode to which a negative polarity of a low voltage that does not dissociate H2O and/or CO2 but dissociates NO is applied, so that said electrode dissociates a NO gas of the residual gas into N ions and O ions and flows an electric current through the electrolyte body in proportion to an amount of the O ions dissociated from said residual gas at the electrode, and (4) the NOx concentration in the measurement gas is determined based on the current. The low voltage preferably applied in the above (3) is about 350-450 mV.
摘要:
A cell storage bag system comprises a storage bag for containing cells to which at least one connecting tube having a closed end is connected, a reservoir container for containing an additive fluid to which a fluid supply tube having a closed end is connected, and a waste fluid container for receiving waste fluid to which a waste fluid tube having a closed end is connected. In the system, the at least one connecting tube is adapted to be connected to the fluid supply tube and/or said waste fluid tube by means of a tube connecting apparatus in a sterile manner, and when the connecting tube is connected to the fluid supply tube, the additive fluid is supplied to the reservoir bag through these connected tubes, and when the connecting tube is connected to the waste fluid tube, the waste fluid is collected from the storage bag through these connected tubes.