摘要:
An ion-generating component has, on an insulating substrate, a ground electrode, a high-voltage electrode, an insulating film provided on the surface of the ground electrode, and a wire electrode. A cutout is formed by cutting out one side of the insulating substrate. The root of the wire electrode is soldered to the high-voltage electrode, and the leading end thereof is positioned near the cutout. The wire electrode is made of an ultrafine wire having a diameter of about 100 μm or less, for example, a piano wire, a tungsten wire, a stainless wire, or a titanium wire.
摘要:
A shift control apparatus of an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle to which torque is transmitted from an engine via a fluid coupling device is provided. In the automatic transmission including a plurality of hydraulically operated friction elements, a clutch-to-clutch downshift is carried out during coasting of the vehicle by releasing one of the friction elements and engaging another friction element. A controller of the shift control apparatus detects a difference between input and output rotation speeds of the fluid coupling device, and increases an engine speed by a controlled amount based on the difference between the input and output rotation speeds when the clutch-to-clutch downshift is carried out during coasting of the vehicle, so that the vehicle is brought into a minimal driving state in which the engine speed is slightly higher than the output rotation speed of the fluid coupling device.
摘要:
An image recording material, includes: a support; and an image recording layer disposed on the support, and having a depression-and-protrusion at least on a part of an image face of the image recording material after an image recording. The depression-and-protrusion defines a slope inclined from the image face. The depression-and-protrusion of the image face has a ten point height of roughness profile Rz in a range from 5 μm to 25 μm and has an average depression-and-protrusion space Sm defined in JIS B0601-1994 in a range from 100 μm to 1000 μm.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a cooling fan failure detection apparatus for a hybrid vehicle. This apparatus comprises a cooling capacity calculation device which calculates a cooling capacity of a cooling fan provided in the hybrid vehicle; a battery heating value calculation device which calculates a heating value of a battery provided in the hybrid vehicle; an assumed temperature change calculating device which calculates an assumed temperature change of the battery based on the heating value and the cooling capacity; an actual temperature change calculating device which calculates an actual temperature change of the battery; and a failure determination device which determines whether the cooling fan is failing by comparing the assumed temperature change calculated by the assumed temperature change calculating device and the actual temperature change calculated by the actual temperature change calculating device.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body and a rotary developing unit or revolver. The apparatus body includes a connection unit having a single optical transmission/receipt section. The revolver includes a connection unit having four optical transmission/receipt sections arranged at the intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the revolver. All the transmission/receipt sections are spaced from the axis of the revolver by the same distance. When the revolver is brought to a stop at a preselected developing position, one of the four transmission/receipt sections of the revolver faces the transmission/receipt section of the apparatus body without fail. The connection units include a current transformer for feeding power from the apparatus body to the developing unit. The connection units face each other at parallel surfaces thereof.
摘要:
A support for a photographic printing paper comprising a substrate having a back side on which side an emulsion layer is not coated and a front side, and both sides of the substrate are coated with a waterproof resin coating. The waterproof resin coating on the back side of the substrate is a multi-layer laminate comprising an upper resin layer and a lower resin layer provided nearer to the substrate than the upper layer. The lower resin layer contains high density polyethylene having an MFR of not less than 8 in an amount of not less than 90% by weight based on the total weight of resin. Furthermore, the lower resin layer is thinner than the upper layer.
摘要:
An image forming device includes a plurality of developing devices and a photosensitive drum. Each of the developing devices includes a developer carrying roller. One of the developing devices is moved to a developing position confronting the photosensitive drum which is formed with a latent image. A first developing bias including a d.c. component and an a.c. component is applied to the developer carrying roller and developer on the developer carrying roller is rendered in contact with the latent image on the photosensitive drum so that the latent image is developed. On the other hand, when the developer on the developer carrying roller comes in contact with and separates from the photosensitive drum due to the movement of the developing device, a second developing bias is applied to the developer carrying roller. The second developing bias generates an electric field where the developer on the developer carrying roller is more reluctant to move toward the photosensitive drum as compared with the first developing bias. The second developing bias may include only a d.c. component.
摘要:
An automatic synthesizing apparatus for continuously effecting automatically by a controlling apparatus all the operations including the supplying of samples into reaction vessel and so on, reaction processing of the contents within the reaction vessels, PH adjustment, extraction/dehydration processing, purification of the contents, and further analysis of the reaction condition so as to produce the target compounds. Many basic unit operation procedures are made and stored so that programs for effecting the operation controlling of the automatic synthesizing apparatus may be extremely easily made. The innumerable syntheses programs in the chemical experiments may be effected simply by the inputting of the operation names of the unit operation procedures in the operational orders when the synthesis order programs may be made for each target compound.
摘要:
An image density control method applicable to an electrophotographic copier or similar image recorder for controlling the toner concentration of a two-component developer, i.e., a mixture of toner and carrier to maintain the density of a toner image produced by the developer constant. Predetermined calculations are performed on the basis of the output of a photosensor which is responsive to the toner images representative of reference patterns formed on a photoconductive element.
摘要:
A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a negative charge, X is a group of --N(R.sup.3)R.sup.4 (wherein R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or a group of --N.sup.+ (R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)R.sup.7 (wherein each of R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group), and n is an integer of from 2 to 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.