摘要:
An operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor for driving the vehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation. Upon completion of the activation of a catalyst, the engine is operated in warm-up mode with a small throttle valve opening, and when the output of a water temperature gauge thereafter reaches a predetermined value and the warm-up operation has completed, the engine is operated with a large throttle valve opening for the power generation. Thus, the hybrid vehicle can enjoy improved exhaust gas characteristics and increased cruising range and power performances. If it is determined that the storage amount of a battery is smaller than a predetermined storage amount when a starter key is so operated as to stop the vehicle, an alarm lamp is lighted, thus informing the driver of engine operation, and the engine operation is continued until the predetermined battery storage amount is reached or a predetermine time elapses from the start of the engine operation, whereby the battery is reliably charged. Accordingly, the battery can be reliably charged with power necessary to start the vehicle, and the cruising range and power performances of the vehicle are improved.
摘要:
A safety distance measuring device employing an electromagnetic wave is provided. A laser diode 2 is energized to emit laser beams by a laser diode drive circuit 3 in accordance with a clock signal generated by a control circuit 29. The emitted laser beams are sequentially changed to predetermined scanning directions by a scanner 1 associated with control circuit 29. The scanned laser beams from scanner 1 are reflected by an object 19 to be received by a photodiode 5. An output of the photodiode is applied to control circuit 29 through a light receiving circuit 6 where an elapsed time from emission to receipt is computed to obtain a distance from scanner 1 to object 19. Based on data relating to scanning directions by a scanning position detector 4, a begin-and-end detecting circuit 28 can stop the radiation of electromagnetic waves around a scanning start point and a scanning end point which is danger to human bodies.
摘要:
An operating method for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric motor for driving the vehicle and an internal combustion engine for power generation. Upon completion of the activation of a catalyst, the engine is operated in warm-up mode with a small throttle valve opening, and when the output of a water temperature gauge thereafter reaches a predetermined value and the warm-up operation has completed, the engine is operated with a large throttle valve opening for the power generation. Thus, the hybrid vehicle can enjoy improved exhaust gas characteristics and increased cruising range and power performances. If it is determined that the storage amount of a battery is smaller than a predetermined storage amount when a starter key is so operated as to stop the vehicle, an alarm lamp is lighted, thus informing the driver of engine operation, and the engine operation is continued until the predetermined battery storage amount is reached or a predetermine time elapses from the start of the engine operation, whereby the battery is reliably charged. Accordingly, the battery can be reliably charged with power necessary to start the vehicle, and the cruising range and power performances of the vehicle are improved.
摘要:
In a fuel blending ratio detecting method, a first blending ratio of the methanol in the fuel supplied to an internal combustion engine is detected by a blending ratio sensor; an air/fuel ratio feedback compensation coefficient computed on the basis of an output of an O.sub.2 sensor is used to compute a feedback learned value, and the current blending ratio compensation coefficient is multiplied by this value to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient so as to obtain a second blending ratio; the current blending ratio compensation coefficient is multiplied by a peak mean value of the computed feedback compensation coefficient to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient so as to obtain a third blending ratio; and the first, second or third blending ratio is selected according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the selected blending ratio is always used as the control blending ratio very close to the true ratio, so that the internal combustion engine can be accurately controlled.
摘要:
A fuel blending ratio detecting method is provided wherein a feedback compensation coefficient K.sub.FB is computed on the basis of an air/fuel ratio responsive output V.sub.o of an O.sub.2 sensor, and a current blending ratio compensation coefficient K.sub.B is multiplied by a peak mean value K.sub.PEAK of the current and preceding peak values of the computed feedback compensation coefficient K.sub.FB to compute the next blending ratio compensation coefficient K.sub.B. Thus, the quantity of fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine can be always controlled accurately on the basis of the computed blending ratio compensation coefficient.
摘要:
In an engine using fuel mixture of gasoline and methanol, the present control system compensates a detection value of a blend ratio sensor with a detection value of a knock sensor, or causes trouble detecting means to detect a failure of the blend ratio sensor and memories the blend ratio immediately before the failure as an assumed blend ratio and compensates the stored value with the detection value of the knock sensor, whereby the engine control is executed based on the control blend ratio and the ignition timing acquired through the compensation.
摘要:
Thermal transfer material which is adopted for use in transferring an image of high resistances to wear, water and chemicals on a plastic base such as pre-paid card, coupon card and the like. The thermal transfer material comprises a heat-resistant support and a thermal transfer recording layer stacked on the support. The thermal transfer recording layer comprises a coloring agent, a hot-melt material comprising a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point of 50 to 110.degree. C., and a lubricant. There is also proposed a recording material adopted for use in combination with the thermal transfer material. The recording material comprises a support and an image-receiving layer formed on the support and comprising a lubricating agent and a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition point of 50.degree. to 110.degree. C. A method of transfer-recording using the thermal transfer material and the recording material is also proposed.
摘要:
To polish polishing target surfaces of SiO2 insulating films or the like at a high rate without scratching the surface, the present invention provides an abrasive comprising a slurry comprising a medium and dispersed therein at least one of i) cerium oxide particles constituted of at least two crystallites and having crystal grain boundaries or having a bulk density of not higher than 6.5 g/cm3 and ii) abrasive grains having pores. Also provided are a method of polishing a target member and a process for producing a semiconductor which make use of this abrasive.
摘要翻译:为了在不刮擦表面的情况下以高速率抛光SiO 2绝缘膜等的抛光目标表面,本发明提供了一种研磨剂,其包含包含介质的浆料,并分散在其中至少一个i)氧化铈颗粒,其由至少两个 微晶并且具有晶界或堆积密度不高于6.5g / cm 3,和ii)具有孔的磨料颗粒。 还提供了抛光目标构件的方法和利用该研磨剂制造半导体的方法。
摘要:
A paste composition for an electrode, the paste composition comprising: phosphorous-containing copper alloy particles in which the content of phosphorous is from 6% by mass to 8% by mass; glass particles; a solvent; and a resin.
摘要:
The composition for forming an n-type diffusion layer in accordance with the present invention contains a donor element-containing glass powder and a dispersion medium. An n-type diffusion layer and a photovoltaic cell having an n-type diffusion layer are prepared by applying the composition for forming an n-type diffusion layer, followed by a thermal diffusion treatment.