公开(公告)号：US4265088A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

申请号：US962103

申请日：1978-11-17

Applicant: Harald F. Funk

Inventor： Harald F. Funk

IPC: B01D53/00 ,  C10J3/06 ,  F02C6/18 ,  F23J15/00 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F01K21/00

CPC classification number: F23J15/06 ,  B01D53/005 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  F02C6/18 ,  F23J15/006 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1671 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  F23J2215/10 ,  F23J2215/20 ,  F23J2215/30 ,  F23J2215/40 ,  F23J2215/50 ,  F23J2217/10 ,  F23J2217/40 ,  F23J2219/70 ,  F28D2021/0019 ,  Y02E20/363 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating hot exhaust gas to purify the gas and to recover the heat values therein includes removing particulate matter from the gas, purifying the gas by subliming or "freezing out" harmful, less volatile components and discharging the more volatile components as purified gas. The sublimed or "frozen out" components are collected and neutralized or utilized. The heat values may be recovered prior or subsequent to purifying, such as by spraying a power fluid into the gas to cool and increase the volume of the gas and then expanding the gas in an expansion turbine to further cool the gas and to produce shaft work. Alternatively, the heat values may be recovered from purified, hot gas by transferring the heat energy of the gas to a power fluid which operates in a Rankine cycle external combustion engine to do shaft work.

Abstract translation: 用于处理热废气以净化气体并回收其中的热值的方法和装置包括从气体中除去颗粒物质，通过升华或“冻结”有害的，较不易挥发的组分和排出更易挥发的组分来净化气体，如 净化气体。 升华或“冻结”成分被收集和中和或利用。 可以在净化之前或之后回收热值，例如通过将动力流体喷射到气体中以冷却并增加气体的体积，然后在膨胀涡轮机中膨胀气体，以进一步冷却气体并产生轴功 。 或者，可以通过将气体的热能转移到在兰金循环外燃机中操作的动力流体进行轴作用，从纯化的热气中回收热值。

公开(公告)号：US4233036A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-11

申请号：US18410

申请日：1979-03-07

Applicant: Christian Koch ,  Alfred E. Behrmann

Inventor： Christian Koch ,  Alfred E. Behrmann

IPC: B01J19/00 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10L9/04

CPC classification number: B01J19/002 ,  C10G47/00 ,  C10J3/20 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  B01J2219/00252 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S585/95

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preventing adhesion or caking of raw materials such as oil or coal as it is subjected to hydrogenation gasification while being heated to above 700.degree. K. as it passes downwardly through a reaction vessel. The particles of raw materials as they pass through the vessel in a temperature zone of about 600 to 700.degree. K. directly contact a medium intermittently at a temperature above 1000.degree. K. to rapidly heat the surfaces of the particles to above 700.degree. K. by direct contact with the hot medium alone, in the absence of combustion reaction, to cause the particles to become non-caking in its further downward passage through the reaction vessel.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种在向下通过反应容器的同时将其加热至高于700°K时，防止原料如油或煤等原料加氢气化的方法。 当原料颗粒在约600-700℃的温度区域通过容器时，在高于1000°K的温度下间歇地直接接触介质，以将颗粒的表面快速加热到700°K以上。 通过在不存在燃烧反应的情况下与单独的热介质直接接触，使颗粒在其进一步向下通过反应容器时变得不结块。

公开(公告)号：US4219338A

公开(公告)日：1980-08-26

申请号：US906516

申请日：1978-05-17

Applicant: Denise Y. Wolfs ,  Le Roy R. Clavenna ,  James M. Eakman ,  Theodore Kalina

Inventor： Denise Y. Wolfs ,  Le Roy R. Clavenna ,  James M. Eakman ,  Theodore Kalina

IPC: C10G1/06 ,  C01D7/00 ,  C10B49/22 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/482 ,  C10B49/22 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced, alkali metal constituents are recovered from the particles by treating them with a calcium or magnesium-containing compound in the presence of water at a temperature between about 250.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. and in the presence of an added base to establish a pH during the treatment step that is higher than would otherwise be possible without the addition of the base. During the treating process the relatively high pH facilitates the conversion of water-insoluble alkali metal compounds in the alkali metal residues into water-soluble alkali metal constituents. The resultant aqueous solution containing water-soluble alkali metal constituents is then separated from the residue solids, which consist of the treated particles and any insoluble materials formed during the treatment step, and recycled to the gasification process where the alkali metal constituents serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. Preferably, the base that is added during the treatment step is an alkali metal hydroxide obtained by water washing the residue solids produced during the treatment step.

Abstract translation: 在产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒的含碱金属的催化剂存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似的转化方法中，通过用含钙或镁的化合物处理从颗粒中回收碱金属成分 在约250°F至约700°F的温度存在下，并且在加入的碱的存在下，在处理步骤中建立的pH高于否则可能没有加入碱 。 在处理过程中，相对较高的pH有助于将碱金属残余物中的不溶于水的碱金属化合物转化为水溶性碱金属成分。 然后将含有水溶性碱金属成分的所得水溶液与残留固体分离，残余物固体由处理过的颗粒和在处理步骤中形成的任何不溶物组成，并再循环至气化过程，其中碱金属组分至少为 一部分含碱金属的催化剂的碱金属组分。 优选地，在处理步骤期间添加的碱是通过水洗洗涤步骤中产生的残余物固体获得的碱金属氢氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US4161442A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-17

申请号：US867061

申请日：1978-01-05

Applicant: Costandi A. Audeh ,  Nai Y. Chen

Inventor： Costandi A. Audeh ,  Nai Y. Chen

IPC: C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/006

Abstract: Petroliferous material of tar sands is processed to recover material boiling below 850.degree. F. with higher boiling material converted to high BTU fuel gas and with heat developed transported to improve the thermal efficiency of the combination operation.

Abstract translation: 处理焦油砂的含油物质以回收沸点低于850°F的材料，将较高沸点的物质转化为高BTU燃料气体，并运送热量以提高组合操作的热效率。

公开(公告)号：US4159236A

公开(公告)日：1979-06-26

申请号：US905296

申请日：1978-05-12

Applicant: Bruce K. Schmid

Inventor： Bruce K. Schmid

IPC: C10J3/72 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/006 ,  C10G1/065

Abstract: Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification process employing recycle of mineral residue in the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal produced in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen, where the amount of normally solid dissolved coal prepared and passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the exact hydrogen requirement of the process. The present invention provides an unexpected improvement in the thermal efficiency of the combination process by utilizing formulas based on feed coal characteristics to calculate an amount of normally solid dissolved coal to be prepared in the liquefaction zone and passed to the gasification zone to enable the gasification zone to generate not only all of the hydrogen required by the liquefaction zone but also to produce synthesis gas for use as fuel in the liquefaction zone. It would have been expected that shifting some of the processing load from the ordinarily more efficient liquefaction zone to the ordinarily less efficient gasification zone would decrease process efficiency, but the present combination process unexpectedly achieves an overall efficiency increase by said shift.

Abstract translation: {PG，1在采用矿物残渣循环的分子氢存在下，通过溶剂液化将原料煤转化为馏出物液体和气态烃产物通常以比将煤转化为管道气体更高的热效率在采用部分 氧化和甲烷化反应。 现有技术已经公开了在液化区中采用矿物残余物再循环的煤液化气化方法，其中在液化区产生的所有通常为固体的溶解煤通过气化区转化为氢气，其中通常为固体 制备并通入气化区的溶解煤恰好足以使气化区产生该过程的精确氢气需求。 本发明通过利用基于进料煤特性的公式来提供组合方法的热效率的意想不到的改进，以计算待在液化区中制备的通常为固体的溶解煤的量并且通过气化区使气化区 不仅产生液化区所需的所有氢气，而且产生用作液化区燃料的合成气。 预期将一些处理负荷从通常更有效的液化区转移到通常较低效率的气化区将降低过程效率，但是本组合方法意外地通过所述变换实现总体效率提高。

公开(公告)号：US4146369A

公开(公告)日：1979-03-27

申请号：US830884

申请日：1977-09-06

Applicant: Wilhelm Flesch ,  Karl-Heinz Brachthauser ,  Walter Kaimann

Inventor： Wilhelm Flesch ,  Karl-Heinz Brachthauser ,  Walter Kaimann

IPC: C10J3/72 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J3/523 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976

Abstract: A single reactor is used for gasifying solid fuels of a wide range of particle sizes without first comminuting the particles to a common size. The larger particles are gasified on a fixed bed, and the smaller ones are gasified on a fluidized bed. In the reactor, the fluidized bed is arranged above the fixed bed and gases rising from the fixed bed help to fluidize the fluidized bed. In addition, a dust gasification region can be provided above the fluidized bed.

Abstract translation: 单个反应器用于气化大范围粒度的固体燃料，而无需将颗粒粉碎成共同的尺寸。 较大的颗粒在固定床上气化，较小的颗粒在流化床上气化。 在反应器中，流化床设置在固定床的上方，并且从固定床上升的气体有助于使流化床流化。 此外，可以在流化床上方设置粉尘气化区域。

公开(公告)号：US4112058A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US716402

申请日：1976-08-23

Applicant: Donald O. Hanson

Inventor： Donald O. Hanson

IPC: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/12 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C01B31/18

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/12 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/725 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/1606 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1815 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: A carbon source and zinc oxide are reacted in a reactor to form a gas consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and zinc. The zinc is separated and reoxidized in a zinc oxidizer. In the reactor and the zinc oxidizer, heat exchange means are provided for that are connected to each other to form a heat exchange loop through which a heat exchange fluid is circulated such as to supply heat generated in the zinc oxidizer to the reactor.

Abstract translation: 碳源和氧化锌在反应器中反应形成基本上由一氧化碳和锌组成的气体。 锌在锌氧化剂中分离并再氧化。 在反应器和锌氧化剂中，提供了热交换装置，它们彼此连接以形成热交换回路，热交换流体通过该热交换回路循环，以便将在锌氧化剂中产生的热量供应到反应器。

公开(公告)号：US4082519A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-04

申请号：US700945

申请日：1976-06-29

Applicant: Peter Steiner

Inventor： Peter Steiner

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0983

Abstract: Continuous process for the gasification of particulate coal with steam wherein SO.sub.2 is present, preferably through introduction into the steam, thereby enabling the steam to react with the coal at considerably lower than conventional temperatures such as temperatures ranging upwards of 1200.degree. F, preferably 1400.degree. F.

公开(公告)号：US4028068A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-07

申请号：US590715

申请日：1975-06-26

Applicant: Karl Kiener

Inventor： Karl Kiener

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10G9/00 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10K3/04 ,  C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/58

CPC classification number: C10J3/66 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/36 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: A process for the production of combustible gas from waste materials and other combustible materials, in which the charge is dried, its combustible parts are subjected to low-temperature carbonization and the low-temperature carbonization gases are converted to combustible gas in a hot reaction bed. The charge is subjected to low-temperature carbonization at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 600.degree. C with the exclusion of air, the resulting solid low-temperature carbonization residues are separated and the low-temperature carbonization gases are continuously drawn through a reaction bed at a temperature of from 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C formed from a solid carbon vehicle and a preheated fresh-air supply, and are converted to high-energy combustible gas in said reaction bed.

Abstract translation: 一种从废料和其他可燃材料生产可燃气体的方法，其中电荷干燥，其可燃部分经受低温碳化，低温碳化气体在热反应床中转化为可燃气体 。 将电荷在300-600℃的温度下进行低温碳化，排除空气，将所得固体低温碳化残渣分离，并将低温碳化气体连续地通过反应床 在由固体碳载体和预热的新鲜空气供应物形成的1000℃至1200℃的温度下，在所述反应床中转化为高能量可燃气体。

公开(公告)号：US3977844A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-31

申请号：US358506

申请日：1973-05-09

Applicant: William J. Van Slyke

Inventor： William J. Van Slyke

IPC: C10J3/06 ,  C10J3/16 ,  C10J3/54

CPC classification number: C10J3/06 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0983

Abstract: A process for producing hot combustible gas free of sulfur, halogens and particulate matter. The process comprises passing oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide through a reaction zone containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate and a carbonaceous fuel such as coal. The sulfur and halogen in the carbonaceous fuel are removed resulting in a combustible gas substantially free of sulfur, halogens and particulate matter.

Abstract translation: 一种生产不含硫，卤素和颗粒物的热可燃气体的方法。 该方法包括使氧气，蒸汽和/或二氧化碳通过含有碱金属或碱土金属氧化物，氢氧化物，碳酸氢盐或碳酸盐的反应区和含碳燃料如煤。 去除含碳燃料中的硫和卤素，导致基本上不含硫，卤素和颗粒物质的可燃气体。