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81.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110201854A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-18
申请号：US12707408
申请日：2010-02-17
IPC分类号： C10G1/00
CPC分类号： C10G3/45 , C01B3/12 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/38 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/1211 , C01B2203/1241 , C10B49/22 , C10B53/02 , C10B57/06 , C10C5/00 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1011 , Y02E50/14 , Y02P20/145 , Y02P30/20
摘要： Methods are provided for producing low oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil from carbonaceous biomass feedstock. The carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed in the presence of a steam reforming catalyst to produce char and pyrolysis gases. During pyrolysis, a portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gases is converted into hydrocarbons by steam reforming also yielding carbon oxides and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas at least partially deoxygenates a residual portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons. Additional hydrogen gas may also be produced by water-gas shift reactions to deoxygenate the residual portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis gases. Deoxygenation may occur in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst. A condensable portion of the pyrolysis gases is condensed to form low oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil.
摘要翻译： 提供用于从含碳生物质原料生产低氧生物质衍生的热解油的方法。 碳水生物质原料在蒸汽重整催化剂存在下热解生成焦炭和裂解气。 在热解过程中，热分解气体中的一部分氧化烃通过也可产生碳氧化物和氢气的蒸汽重整转化为烃。 氢气至少部分地使氧化烃的残留部分脱氧。 还可以通过水煤气变换反应产生另外的氢气，以使热解气体中的氧化烃的残余部分脱氧。 脱氧可能在加氢处理催化剂存在下进行。 热解气体的可冷凝部分被冷凝以形成低氧生物质衍生的热解油。
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公开(公告)号：US20090158637A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-25
申请号：US12238945
申请日：2008-09-26
CPC分类号： C10L1/04 , C10G45/02 , C10G45/12 , C10G45/58 , C10G45/64 , C10G47/00 , C10G47/16 , C10G65/043 , C10G65/12 , C10G2300/1011 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A process has been developed for producing aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and animal fats and oils. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide n-paraffins having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. At least some of the n-paraffins are isomerized to improve cold flow properties. At least a portion of the paraffins are selectively cracked to provide paraffins meeting specifications for different aviation fuels such as JP-8.
摘要翻译： 已经开发了用于从可再生原料如植物油和动物脂肪和油生产航空燃料的方法。 该方法包括通过氢化和脱氧处理可再生原料以提供具有约8至约24个碳原子的正链烷烃。 至少一些正链烷烃被异构化以改善冷流特性。 选择性裂化至少一部分石蜡以提供符合不同航空燃料如JP-8的规格的石蜡。
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公开(公告)号：US20090120841A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US11985144
申请日：2007-11-14
申请人： Manuela Serban , Joseph A. Kocal
发明人： Manuela Serban , Joseph A. Kocal
摘要： A process for denitrogenating diesel fuel includes contacting diesel fuel containing one or more nitrogen compounds with an acid ionic liquid in an extraction zone to selectively remove the nitrogen compound(s) and produce a denitrogenated diesel fuel effluent containing denitrogenated diesel fuel and acid ionic liquid containing nitrogen species; and separating denitrogenated diesel fuel from the denitrogenated diesel fuel effluent.
摘要翻译： 一种用于脱氮柴油的方法包括将含有一种或多种氮化合物的柴油与酸性离子液体在萃取区中接触以选择性地除去氮化合物，并产生含有脱氮柴油燃料和酸性离子液体的脱氮柴油燃料流出物， 氮物种 并将脱氮的柴油与脱氮的柴油流出物分离。
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公开(公告)号：US20090065399A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-12
申请号：US11851819
申请日：2007-09-07
IPC分类号： C10G19/02
CPC分类号： C10L1/08 , C10G2400/04
摘要： An improved method for desulfurizing a fuel stream such as a diesel stream is disclosed which includes generation of a sulfone oil, the desulfurization of the sulfone oil and the recycling of the resulting biphenyl-rich stream and ultra-low sulfur diesel streams. The method includes combining a thiophene-rich diesel stream with an oxidant to oxidize the thiophenes to sulfones to provide a sulfone-rich diesel stream. Sulfone oil is extracted from the sulfone-rich diesel stream to provide sulfone oil and a first low-sulfur diesel stream The low-sulfur diesel stream is recycled. The sulfone-rich oil stream is combined with an aqueous oxidant-containing stream, such as caustic stream, which oxidizes the sulfones to biphenyls and forms sulfite to provide a second low-sulfur diesel stream
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于柴油流的燃料流的脱硫改进方法，其包括生成砜油，砜砜的脱硫和所得到的富联苯和超低硫柴油流的再循环。 该方法包括将富含噻吩的柴油流与氧化剂混合以将噻吩氧化成砜，以提供富含砜的柴油流。 从富砜的柴油流中提取砜油以提供砜油和第一低硫柴油流低硫柴油流被回收利用。 富含砜的油流与含氧化剂的物流如苛性碱流合并，其将砜氧化成联苯并形成亚硫酸盐以提供第二低硫柴油流
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公开(公告)号：US07288684B1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-30
申请号：US11560960
申请日：2006-11-17
IPC分类号： C07C27/12
CPC分类号： C07C29/48 , C07C29/095 , C07C29/80 , C07C67/035 , C07C69/63 , C07C31/04
摘要： A process for the production of methanol from methane has been developed. The process involves reacting methane with an oxidant such as oxygen or a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst and a solvent in a reaction zone to produce an effluent stream comprising a methanol product. The effluent stream is next separated into a gaseous stream comprising unreacted methane and carbon dioxide and a liquid stream comprising the methanol product and solvent. Next the gaseous stream is further separated to provide a methane stream which is recycled to the reaction zone. Finally, a methanol stream is isolated and a solvent stream is recycled to the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 已经开发了从甲烷生产甲醇的方法。 该方法包括在反应区中在催化剂和溶剂存在下使甲烷与氧化剂如氧或过氧化物反应，以产生包含甲醇产物的流出物流。 然后将流出物流分离成包含未反应的甲烷和二氧化碳的气流以及包含甲醇产物和溶剂的液体流。 接下来，进一步分离气流以提供甲烷流，其被再循环到反应区。 最后，分离甲醇流，将溶剂流再循环到反应区。
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公开(公告)号：US06277271B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09373650
申请日：1999-08-13
申请人： Joseph A. Kocal
发明人： Joseph A. Kocal
IPC分类号： C10G1700
CPC分类号： C10G67/12
摘要： A process for the desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil wherein the hydrocarbonaceous oil and a recycle stream containing sulfur-oxidated compounds is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone to reduce the sulfur level to a relatively low level and then contacting the resulting hydrocarbonaceous stream from the hydrodesulfurization zone with an oxidizing agent to convert the residual, low level of sulfur compounds into sulfur-oxidated compounds. The residual oxidizing agent is decomposed and the resulting hydrocarbonaceous oil stream containing the sulfur-oxidated compounds is separated to produce a stream containing the sulfur-oxidated compounds and a hydrocarbonaceous oil stream having a reduced concentration of sulfur-oxidated compounds. At least a portion of the sulfur-oxidated compounds is recycled to the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 含烃油的脱硫方法，其中含烃油和含硫氧化化合物的再循环料与加氢脱硫反应区中的加氢脱硫催化剂接触，以将硫含量降低至相对低的水平，然后使得到的烃流从 加氢脱硫区用氧化剂将剩余的低含量硫化合物转化为硫氧化化合物。 残余氧化剂被分解，并且将含有硫氧化化合物的所得含烃油料流分离以产生含有硫氧化化合物的流和具有降低的硫氧化化合物浓度的烃油流。 至少一部分硫氧化的化合物被再循环到加氢脱硫反应区。
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87.发明授权Alkylation of aromatics using a metal cation-modified friedel-crafts type catalyst 失效使用金属阳离子改性的Friedel-Crafts型催化剂烷基化芳族化合物
公开(公告)号：US5962760A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US905762
申请日：1997-08-04
申请人： Joseph A. Kocal , Anil R. Oroskar
发明人： Joseph A. Kocal , Anil R. Oroskar
IPC分类号： B01J23/02 , B01J23/04 , B01J27/08 , C07C2/66 , C07C2/68 , C07C2/86 , C07C29/44 , C07C41/30 , C07C2/64
CPC分类号： B01J23/02 , B01J23/04 , B01J27/08 , C07C2/66 , C07C2/68 , C07C2/861 , C07C2/864 , C07C2521/02 , C07C2521/04 , C07C2521/06 , C07C2521/08 , C07C2521/12 , C07C2523/26 , C07C2523/42 , C07C2523/44 , C07C2523/46 , C07C2523/755 , C07C2527/125 , C07C2527/126
摘要： A process for the alkylation of aromatic compounds with an olefin or alkyl halide having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms utilizes a novel catalyst comprising: a) a refractory inorganic oxide, b) the reaction product of a first metal halide and bound surface hydroxyl groups of the refractory inorganic oxide, c) a second metal cation, and d) optionally a zerovalent third metal. The refractory inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, chromia, silica, boria, silica-alumina, and combinations thereof and the first metal halide is a fluoride, chloride, or bromide of aluminum, gallium, zirconium, or boron. The second metal cation is selected from the group consisting of: monovalent metal cations in an amount from 0.0026 up to about 0.20 gram atoms per 100 grams refractory inorganic oxide for lithium, potassium, cerium, rubidium, silver, and copper, and from 0.012 to about 0.20 gram atoms for sodium; and alkaline earth metal cations in an amount from about 0.0013 up to about 0.01 gram atoms per 100 grams of refractory inorganic oxide for beryllium, strontium, and barium, and in an amount from about 0.004 up to about 0.1 gram atoms per 100 grams support for magnesium and calcium, or combinations thereof. The third metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel ruthenium, rhodium, osmium and iridium, and any combination thereof. These novel catalysts are effective in other alkylation reactions including motor fuel alkylation.
摘要翻译： 使用具有1至24个碳原子的烯烃或烷基卤化物烷基化芳族化合物的方法使用新型催化剂，其包含：a）耐火无机氧化物，b）第一金属卤化物与结合表面羟基的反应产物 耐火无机氧化物，c）第二金属阳离子，和d）任选的第零金属。 耐火无机氧化物选自氧化铝，二氧化钛，氧化锆，氧化铬，二氧化硅，氧化硼，二氧化硅 - 氧化铝及其组合，第一金属卤化物是铝，镓，锆等的氟化物，氯化物或溴化物， 或硼。 第二金属阳离子选自：一价金属阳离子，其量为0.0026至约0.20克原子/ 100克锂，钾，铈，铷，银和铜的耐火无机氧化物，并且从0.012至 钠约0.20克原子; 和碱土金属阳离子，其量为约0.0013至约0.01克原子/ 100克铍，锶和钡的耐火无机氧化物，其量为约0.004至约0.1克原子/ 100克载体 镁和钙，或其组合。 第三种金属选自铂，钯，镍钌，铑，锇和铱，以及它们的任何组合。 这些新型催化剂在其他烷基化反应（包括汽油燃料烷基化）中是有效的。
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88.发明授权Continuous alkylation of aromatics using solid catalysts; prevention of catalyst deactivation using a pulsed feed reactor 失效使用固体催化剂连续烷基化芳烃; 使用脉冲进料反应器防止催化剂失活
公开(公告)号：US5648579A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-15
申请号：US392006
申请日：1995-02-21
IPC分类号： C07C2/66 , C07C15/067
CPC分类号： C07C2/66 , C07C2521/12 , C07C2521/16 , C07C2529/06
摘要： A novel continuous process for the preparation of alkylated benzenes effected by solid catalysts which become deactivated under alkylation conditions uses a single catalyst zone for both reaction and catalyst flushing to prevent deactivation. The process utilizes a pulsed flow of the linear monoolefins into the catalyst zone during a reaction cycle with benzene acting as a desorbent for catalyst deactivating agents to prevent significant catalyst deactivation. The process can be generalized to encompass many types of reactions.
摘要翻译： 通过在烷基化条件下失活的固体催化剂制备烷基化苯的新型连续方法使用单一催化剂区域用于反应和催化剂冲洗以防止失活。 该方法在与作为催化剂失活剂的解吸剂的苯的反应循环期间利用脉冲流动的线性单烯烃进入催化剂区域，以防止显着的催化剂失活。 该过程可以被概括为包括许多类型的反应。
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89.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5344997A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US989858
申请日：1992-12-14
申请人： Joseph A. Kocal
发明人： Joseph A. Kocal
IPC分类号： C07C2/66 , C07C309/31 , C07C39/12 , C07C2/64 , C07C2/68 , C07C2/70 , C07C15/107 , C07C37/00 , C07C41/00
CPC分类号： C07C2/66 , C07C309/31 , C07C2521/12
摘要： A fluorided silica-alumina catalyst, particularly one with a silica:alumina ratio in the range of 1:1-9:1 containing from 1 to 6 weight percent fluoride, is particularly effective in the liquid phase alkylation of benzene by linear olefins to produce linear alkyl benzenes at temperatures no greater than 140.degree. C. These catalysts also are effective in the liquid phase alkylation of alkylatable aromatics generally with a variety of alkylating agents, including olefins, alcohols, and alkyl halides.
摘要翻译： 氟化二氧化硅 - 氧化铝催化剂，特别是二氧化硅：氧化铝比为1：1-9：1，含有1至6重量百分比的氟化物的二氧化硅 - 氧化铝催化剂在苯的液相烷基化中是特别有效的， 直链烷基苯在不高于140℃的温度下进行。这些催化剂通常与各种烷基化剂（包括烯烃，醇和烷基卤）在烷基化芳族化合物的液相烷基化中也是有效的。
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90.发明授权Increasing catalyst life and improving product linearity in the alkylation of aromatics with linear olefins 失效增加催化剂寿命并提高芳族化合物与线性烯烃的烷基化产物线性
公开(公告)号：US5245094A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-14
申请号：US919329
申请日：1992-07-27
申请人： Joseph A. Kocal
发明人： Joseph A. Kocal
IPC分类号： C07C15/00 , C07C15/02 , C07C15/107
CPC分类号： C07C15/00 , C07C15/02 , C07C15/107
摘要： It has been found that the aromatic byproducts normally formed in the dehydrogenation of normal paraffins to linear monoolefins are detrimental in the usual processes of aromatic alkylation using the dehydrogenation product mixture as an alkylation feedstock. In particular, when solids are used as the alkylation catalysts with recycle of the unreacted feedstock to the dehydrogenation reactor the aromatic byproducts increase to a level where they exert a significant decrease in the stability of the alkylation catalyst. When the aromatic byproducts are removed in whole or in part alkylation may be performed at a substantially lower temperature, which affords alkylated aromatics whose alkyl portion has greater linearity than that observed at a higher alkylation temperature.
摘要翻译： 已经发现通常在正链烷烃脱氢形成直链单烯烃的芳族副产物在使用脱氢产物混合物作为烷基化原料的芳族烷基化的通常方法中是不利的。 特别地，当使用固体作为烷基化催化剂，将未反应的原料再循环到脱氢反应器中时，芳族副产物增加到它们显着降低烷基化催化剂稳定性的水平。 当完全或部分烷基化除去芳族副产物时，可以在基本上较低的温度下进行烷基化芳族化合物的烷基化芳族化合物，其烷基部分的线性比在较高烷基化温度下观察到的线性大。
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