摘要:
A method of decoding a turbo product code (TPC) code word comprises iteratively decoding the TPC code word using an iterative decoder. The method further comprises terminating the iterative decoding when the TPC code word satisfies a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The TPC code word can include a plurality of square code blocks of user data, with CRC data bits appended to one of the plurality of code blocks instead of replacing user data within the code blocks. Apparatus for implementing the method are also provided.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a housing wheel engine that has one wheel shaped combustion housing, the housing wheel engine can hold several pistons which's both sides working inside the combustion housing. The housing wheel engine transmits its rotating movement directly to the driveshaft by planetary gearsets. A four strokes time mechanism provided by planetary gearsets.
摘要:
Compositions comprising activatable recombinant neurotoxins and polypeptides derived therefrom. The invention also comprises nucleic acids encoding such polypeptides, and methods of making such polypeptides and nucleic acids.
摘要:
A non-volatile memory wherein bad columns in the array of memory cells can be removed is described. Additionally, substitute redundant columns can replace the removed columns. Both of these processes are performed on the memory in a manner that is externally transparent and, consequently, need not be managed externally by the host or controller to which the memory is attached. An inventory of the bad columns can be maintained on the memory. At power up, the list of bad columns is used to fuse out the bad columns. The memory may also contain a number of redundant columns that can be used to replace the bad columns.
摘要:
A trial programming process is performed for a first set of one or more non-volatile storage elements to test usage of the non-volatile storage system. Based on this trial programming, a programming signal is calibrated by adjusting its initial magnitude. The calibrated programming signal is then used to program a second set of non-volatile storage elements (which may or may not include the first set).
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for measuring a retinal sublayer characteristic of an eye. A plurality of axial scans are performed over an area of the retina of the eye. Reflections are measured during the axial scans to determine a plurality of sets of reflection intensity values. A given set of reflection intensity values is associated with one of the plurality of axial scans. A progressive refinement boundary detection algorithm is performed using the plurality of sets of reflection intensity values to determine at least one boundary location associated with the retinal sublayer for each of the plurality of sets of reflection intensity values. The retinal sublayer characteristic is determined in response to the determined boundary locations.
摘要:
Easily implemented randomization within a flash memory EEPROM reduces the NAND string resistance effect, program disturbs, user read disturbs, and floating gate to floating gate coupling that result from repeated and long term storage of specific data patterns. The randomization may be code generated pseudo randomization or user driven randomization in different embodiments. User driven commands, the timing of which cannot be predicted may be used to trigger and achieve a high level of randomization. Randomly altering the encoding scheme of the data prevents repeated and long term storage of specific data patterns. Even if a user wishes to store the same information for long periods, or to repeatedly store it, it will be randomly encoded with different encoding schemes, and the data pattern will therefore be varied.
摘要:
High performance non-volatile memory devices have the programming voltages trimmed for individual types of memory pages and word lines. A group of word lines within each erasable block of memory are tested in successive program loops to minimize the problem of incurring excessive number of erase/program cycles. An optimum programming voltage for a given type of memory pages is derived from statistical results of a sample of similar of memory pages.
摘要:
Shifts in the apparent charge stored on a floating gate (or other charge storing element) of a non-volatile memory cell can occur because of the coupling of an electric field based on the charge stored in adjacent floating gates (or other adjacent charge storing elements). To compensate for this coupling, the read or programming process for a given memory cell can take into account the programmed state of an adjacent memory cell. To determine whether compensation is needed, a process can be performed that includes sensing information about the programmed state of an adjacent memory cell (e.g., on an adjacent bit line or other location).
摘要:
In a non-volatile memory, the initiation of program verification is adaptively set so that programming time is decreased. In one approach, non-volatile storage elements are programmed based on a lower page of data to have a voltage threshold (VTH) that falls within a first VTH distribution or a higher, intermediate VTH distribution. Subsequently, the non-volatile storage elements with the first VTH distribution either remain there, or are programmed to a second VTH distribution, based on an upper page of data. The non-volatile storage elements with the intermediate VTH distribution are programmed to third and fourth VTH distributions. The non-volatile storage elements being programmed to the third VTH distribution are specially identified and tracked. Verification of the non-volatile storage elements being programmed to the fourth VTH distribution is initiated after one of the identified non-volatile storage elements transitions to the third VTH distribution from the intermediate VTH distribution.