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    Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel
    81.
    发明申请
    Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel 失效
    乳化燃料的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050000149A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-06

    申请号：US10659046

    申请日：2003-09-09

    Applicant: Vaughn Moncrieff ,  Jack Waldron ,  Patrick Grimes ,  Rudolf Gunnerman

    Inventor： Vaughn Moncrieff ,  Jack Waldron ,  Patrick Grimes ,  Rudolf Gunnerman

    IPC: C10L20060101 ,  C10L1/32 ,  C10L1/18

    CPC classification number: C10L1/328 ,  B01F3/0811 ,  B01F5/104 ,  B01F7/22

    Abstract: A method for manufacturing an emulsifier package is disclosed. The method comprises blending a flow of fuel soluble product, a flow of stabilizer, and a flow of water in a mixing vessel to form a mixture. Mixing the mixture in the mixing vessel and recirculating the mixture through the mixing vessel. Lastly, shearing the mixture with a shearing device at a rate of about 27,500 shears per second to about 87,500 shears per second. A method for manufacturing an aqueous fuel emulsion is also disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种制造乳化剂包装的方法。 该方法包括在混合容器中混合燃料可溶性产物流，稳定剂流和水流以形成混合物。 将混合物混合在混合容器中并使混合物再循环通过混合容器。 最后，用剪切装置剪切混合物，速度约为每秒27,500剪，约为每分钟87,500剪。 还公开了一种制造含水燃料乳液的方法。

    Method of forming and combusting water-in-fuel oil emulsion
    82.
    发明授权
    Method of forming and combusting water-in-fuel oil emulsion 失效
    油包油乳液的形成和燃烧方法

    公开(公告)号：US6066186A

    公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

    申请号：US4165

    申请日：1998-01-02

    Applicant: Setsuo Matsumoto

    Inventor： Setsuo Matsumoto

    IPC: C10L1/32

    CPC classification number: C10L1/328

    Abstract: A method of forming particles of capsularized emulsion fuel with high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emission. The method includes the steps of preparing an emulsion fuel oil and disperse phase of water generally uniformly distributed and suspended in the dispersion medium of oil, and spraying the emulsion fuel oil into minute particles so that substantially each of the particles has a core encapsulated by fuel oil. The emulsion fuel oil includes an emulsifying additive solution essentially consisting of NaOH, CaCl.sub.2 and water in a weight ratio ranging from about 10:10:100 to about 50:50:100 and a mixture of water and oil. The mixture of water and oil has an exemplified weight ratio ranging from about 5:95 to about 30:70. In the emulsion fuel oil, an example of a weight ratio of the mixture of oil and water and the emulsifying additive solution ranges from about 1:0.003 to about 1:0.002.

    Abstract translation: 一种形成具有高燃烧效率和低污染物排放的胶囊化乳化燃料颗粒的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：制备通常均匀分布和悬浮在油分散介质中的水的乳化燃料油和分散相，并将乳化燃料油喷雾成微小颗粒，使得基本上每个颗粒都具有由燃料包封的核 油。 乳液燃料油包括基本上由NaOH，CaCl 2和水组成的乳化添加剂溶液，重量比为约10：10：100至约50：50：100，水和油的混合物。 水和油的混合物具有约5:95至约30:70的示例重量比。 在乳化燃料油中，油和水的混合物与乳化添加剂溶液的重量比的实例为约1:0.003至约1:0.002。

    Fuels for diesel engines
    85.
    发明授权
    Fuels for diesel engines 失效
    柴油发动机燃料

    公开(公告)号：US5906664A

    公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

    申请号：US48397

    申请日：1998-03-26

    Applicant: Arunabha Basu ,  Theodore H. Fleisch ,  Christopher I. McCarthy ,  Svend-Erik Mikkelsen ,  Carl A. Udovich

    Inventor： Arunabha Basu ,  Theodore H. Fleisch ,  Christopher I. McCarthy ,  Svend-Erik Mikkelsen ,  Carl A. Udovich

    IPC: C10L1/32 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/10

    CPC classification number: C10L1/328

    Abstract: The invention relates to high energy, oxygenated fuel compositions suitable for use in compression ignition internal combustion engines which fuel compositions contain a synergistic combination of dimethyl ether, methanol, and water, the combination providing a single liquid phase with good ignition characteristics. More particularly fuels comprising from about 72 to about 95 weight percent of dimethyl ether, from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of methanol, and from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of water are disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及适用于压燃式内燃机的高能，含氧燃料组合物，该燃料组合物含有二甲醚，甲醇和水的协同组合，该组合提供具有良好点燃特性的单一液相。 更具体地，公开了包含约72至约95重量％的二甲醚，约0.1至约20重量％的甲醇和约0.1至约20重量％的水的燃料。

    Method and apparatus for submerged grinding of wastes
    86.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for submerged grinding of wastes 失效
    废物淹没研磨的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5791566A

    公开(公告)日：1998-08-11

    申请号：US812130

    申请日：1997-03-05

    Applicant: Tsutomu Higo ,  Kazuhiro Kondo ,  Roberto Masahiro Serikawa

    Inventor： Tsutomu Higo ,  Kazuhiro Kondo ,  Roberto Masahiro Serikawa

    IPC: B09B3/00 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C10L1/32 ,  B02C19/12 ,  B02C23/18

    CPC classification number: C10L1/326 ,  Y02E50/30

    Abstract: An improved apparatus for submerged grinding of wastes includes a vessel that is filled with an alkaline liquid and which has a mechanism for grinding a feed waste containing organic solids, a feeding mechanism for charging the feed waste into the vessel, a primary screening mechanism for filtering the liquid being discharged from the grinding mechanism and a secondary screening mechanism by which the waste/liquid mixture that has been filtered by the primary classification mechanism is freed of the liquid fraction such that the waste is converted into a slurry. The apparatus further includes a line by which the filtrate from the secondary classification mechanism is returned to the liquid with which the vessel is filled, a mechanism for adding an alkaline aqueous solution and/or particulate matter into the liquid with which the vessel is filled, a mechanism for detecting the pH of the liquid with which the vessel is filled, and a mechanism for adjusting the amount of addition of the alkaline aqueous solution and/or particulate matter into the liquid with the vessel is filled on the basis of the value detected by the pH detecting mechanism in order to ensure that the liquid with which the vessel is filled is maintained in an alkaline condition. Using this apparatus, submerged grinding of wastes can be accomplished over an extended period with the progress of putrefaction being retarded and the emission of malodor being suppressed with the resulting advantage of facilitated liquid maintenance.

    Abstract translation: 一种废弃物浸没式研磨的改进装置包括：填充有碱性液体的容器，其具有用于研磨含有有机固体的废料的机构，用于将进料废料装入容器的进料机构，用于过滤的原料筛选机构 从研磨机构排出的液体和二级筛分机构，由初级分级机构过滤的废液/液体混合物不含液体馏分，从而将废物转化为浆料。 该设备还包括一条线，其中来自次级分级机构的滤液返回到容器所填充的液体中，用于将碱性水溶液和/或颗粒物质添加到容器所填充的液体中的机构， 用于检测填充容器的液体的pH的机构，并且基于检测到的值填充用于将容器中的碱性水溶液和/或颗粒物质添加到液体中的量的调节机构 通过pH检测机构，以确保容器填充的液体保持在碱性条件下。 使用这种装置，可以在延长的时间内完成废弃物的浸没研磨，同时抑制腐败的进展并抑制恶臭的排放，从而有利于液体维持。

    Low emissions diesel fuel
    87.
    发明授权
    Low emissions diesel fuel 失效
    低排放柴油

    公开(公告)号：US5746783A

    公开(公告)日：1998-05-05

    申请号：US555348

    申请日：1995-11-08

    Applicant: Alicia L. Compere ,  William L. Griffith ,  George F. Dorsey ,  Brian H. West

    Inventor： Alicia L. Compere ,  William L. Griffith ,  George F. Dorsey ,  Brian H. West

    IPC: C10L1/32 ,  C01L1/32

    CPC classification number: C10L1/328

    Abstract: A method and matter of composition for controlling NO.sub.x emissions from existing diesel engines. The method is achieved by adding a small amount of material to the diesel fuel to decrease the amount of NO.sub.x produced during combustion. Specifically, small amounts, less than about 1%, of urea or a triazine compound (methylol melamines) are added to diesel fuel. Because urea and triazine compounds are generally insoluble in diesel fuel, microemulsion technology is used to suspend or dissolve the urea or triazine compound in the diesel fuel. A typical fuel formulation includes 5% t-butyl alcohol, 4.5% water, 0.5% urea or triazine compound, 9% oleic acid, and 1% ethanolamine. The subject invention provides improved emissions in heavy diesel engines without the need for major modifications.

    Abstract translation: 用于控制现有柴油发动机的NOx排放的方法和组成的事项。 该方法是通过向柴油燃料中加入少量材料来减少燃烧过程中产生的NOx的量来实现的。 具体地，向柴油中加入少量，少于约1％的尿素或三嗪化合物（羟甲基三聚氰胺）。 由于脲和三嗪化合物通常不溶于柴油，因此使用微乳液技术将尿素或三嗪化合物悬浮或溶解在柴油中。 典型的燃料配方包括5％叔丁醇，4.5％水，0.5％尿素或三嗪化合物，9％油酸和1％乙醇胺。 本发明在重型柴油发动机中提供改进的排放，而不需要进行主要的改进。

    Efficient utilization of chlorine and/or moisture-containing fuels and wastes
    88.
    发明授权
    Efficient utilization of chlorine and/or moisture-containing fuels and wastes 失效
    有效利用氯和/或含水分燃料和废物

    公开(公告)号：US5685153A

    公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

    申请号：US486026

    申请日：1995-06-07

    Applicant: Norman L. Dickinson ,  Robert G. Murray ,  Michael K. Klosky

    Inventor： Norman L. Dickinson ,  Robert G. Murray ,  Michael K. Klosky

    IPC: C08J11/00 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C10G31/06 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/32 ,  C10L9/00 ,  F01K3/18 ,  F01K17/00 ,  F02C3/26 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C10/16 ,  F23C99/00 ,  F23K1/00

    CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  C10G31/06 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/326 ,  C10L9/00 ,  F01K3/188 ,  F02C3/26 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C10/16 ,  F23C99/00 ,  F23K1/00 ,  F23C2206/101 ,  F23G2201/603 ,  F23G2201/80 ,  F23G2900/50214 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02T50/671

    Abstract: A process for enhancing the fuel form, raising the energy content, and lowering the level of impurities of low rank coals and/or carbonaceous wastes, like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and sewage sludge, by providing the low rank fuel, carbonaceous waste, or mixtures thereof as a slurry in water of processable viscosity. This feed slurry is heated under pressure, usually in the presence of an alkali, to a temperature at which a significant physical and molecular rearrangement occurs, characterized by the splitting off of a substantial proportion of the oxygen bound in the low rank coal or carbonaceous waste as carbon dioxide. At these conditions, solid particles in the feed slurry lose much of their fibrous and hydrophilic character, and are broken up into smaller particles of char, resulting in a slurry of dramatically improved rheology, i.e., capable of a much higher solids concentration (or energy density) at processable viscosity. Simultaneously, cation and anion impurities, like sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, toxic metals, and others, are significantly reduced in the resulting product char slurry fuel.

    Abstract translation: 一种提高燃料形式，提高能源含量，降低低等级煤和/或碳质废物（如城市固体废物（MSW），垃圾衍生燃料（RDF））和污水污泥的杂质水平的方法，提供 低级燃料，碳质废物或其混合物，作为可加工粘度的水中的浆料。 该进料浆料通常在碱存在的条件下在压力下加热至发生重大物理和分子重排的温度，其特征在于在低等级煤或碳质废物中分解相当大部分的氧 作为二氧化碳。 在这些条件下，进料浆料中的固体颗粒会损失大量的纤维和亲水特性，并被分解成较小的炭颗粒，从而产生显着改善流变性的浆料，即能够获得高得多的固体浓度（或能量） 密度）。 同时，所得产品炭浆料燃料中的阳离子和阴离子杂质如钠，钾，氯，硫，氮，有毒金属等都显着降低。

    Partial oxidation of partially liquified plastic materials
    90.
    发明授权
    Partial oxidation of partially liquified plastic materials 失效
    部分液化塑料材料的部分氧化

    公开(公告)号：US5534040A

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-09

    申请号：US415153

    申请日：1995-03-31

    Applicant: Motasimur R. Khan ,  Christine C. Albert ,  Stephen J. DeCanio

    Inventor： Motasimur R. Khan ,  Christine C. Albert ,  Stephen J. DeCanio

    IPC: B09B3/00 ,  B29B17/00 ,  B29B17/04 ,  C08J11/00 ,  C08J11/04 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10L1/32

    CPC classification number: C10J3/466 ,  C10K1/101 ,  C10J2300/0903 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/1223 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02W10/40 ,  Y10S48/07

    Abstract: A process for upgrading plastic material containing inorganic filler or reinforcement material for use as feedstock in a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. The plastic material is granulated and partially liquefied by heating in a closed autoclave at a temperature in the range of about 400.degree. F. to 495.degree. F. and a pressure in the range of about 150 psig to 750 psig while the plastic material is in contact with a pumpable hydrocarbonaceous liquid solvent. A pumpable slurry is thereby produced comprising solubilized plastic, unsolubilized plastic, hydrocarbonaceous liquid solvent, separated inorganic material and unseparated inorganic material. After removing the separated inorganic material, the remainder of the slurry is then reacted by partial oxidation to produce said raw synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于升级含有无机填料或增强材料的塑料材料的方法，用作用于生产原料合成气，燃料气体或还原气体的部分氧化气体发生器中的原料。 塑料材料通过在封闭的高压釜中在约400°F至495°F的温度范围内加热并在约150psig至750psig范围内的压力下进行造粒和部分液化，同时塑料材料在 与可泵送的烃类液体溶剂接触。 由此生产包含溶解的塑料，未溶解的塑料，含烃液体溶剂，分离的无机材料和未分离的无机材料的可泵送浆料。 除去分离的无机材料后，剩余的浆料然后通过部分氧化反应生成所述原料合成气，燃料气体或还原气体。

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