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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5685153A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-11
申请号：US486026
申请日：1995-06-07
IPC分类号： C08J11/00 , C02F11/08 , C10G31/06 , C10L1/00 , C10L1/32 , C10L9/00 , F01K3/18 , F01K17/00 , F02C3/26 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/16 , F23C99/00 , F23K1/00
CPC分类号： C02F11/086 , C10G31/06 , C10L1/00 , C10L1/326 , C10L9/00 , F01K3/188 , F02C3/26 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/16 , F23C99/00 , F23K1/00 , F23C2206/101 , F23G2201/603 , F23G2201/80 , F23G2900/50214 , Y02E20/12 , Y02T50/671
摘要： A process for enhancing the fuel form, raising the energy content, and lowering the level of impurities of low rank coals and/or carbonaceous wastes, like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), and sewage sludge, by providing the low rank fuel, carbonaceous waste, or mixtures thereof as a slurry in water of processable viscosity. This feed slurry is heated under pressure, usually in the presence of an alkali, to a temperature at which a significant physical and molecular rearrangement occurs, characterized by the splitting off of a substantial proportion of the oxygen bound in the low rank coal or carbonaceous waste as carbon dioxide. At these conditions, solid particles in the feed slurry lose much of their fibrous and hydrophilic character, and are broken up into smaller particles of char, resulting in a slurry of dramatically improved rheology, i.e., capable of a much higher solids concentration (or energy density) at processable viscosity. Simultaneously, cation and anion impurities, like sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, toxic metals, and others, are significantly reduced in the resulting product char slurry fuel.
摘要翻译： 一种提高燃料形式，提高能源含量，降低低等级煤和/或碳质废物（如城市固体废物（MSW），垃圾衍生燃料（RDF））和污水污泥的杂质水平的方法，提供 低级燃料，碳质废物或其混合物，作为可加工粘度的水中的浆料。 该进料浆料通常在碱存在的条件下在压力下加热至发生重大物理和分子重排的温度，其特征在于在低等级煤或碳质废物中分解相当大部分的氧 作为二氧化碳。 在这些条件下，进料浆料中的固体颗粒会损失大量的纤维和亲水特性，并被分解成较小的炭颗粒，从而产生显着改善流变性的浆料，即能够获得高得多的固体浓度（或能量） 密度）。 同时，所得产品炭浆料燃料中的阳离子和阴离子杂质如钠，钾，氯，硫，氮，有毒金属等都显着降低。
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公开(公告)号：US4220458A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-02
申请号：US5214
申请日：1979-01-22
摘要： A filter apparatus and filtering system which is particularly applicable for extracting particulated material from hot gases comprising a collector overlying a portion of the upstream face of the filter element for applying a reduced pressure to the particulate filter cake formed thereover to effect a dislodgement and recovery of the filtered particulate material. The collector is movable to progressively traverse substantially the entire upstream face of the filter element to effect a cleaning thereof by removal of the filter cake without interruption of the operation of the filtering system. The invention further encompasses a separator for cleaning the granular filter medium withdrawn from the filter apparatus and for recycling the cleaned filter medium back to the filter apparatus.
摘要翻译： 一种过滤装置和过滤系统，其特别适用于从热气体中提取微粒物质，该热气体包括收集器，该收集器覆盖过滤器元件的上游面的一部分，用于向其上形成的颗粒滤饼施加减压以实现脱模和回收 过滤的颗粒物质。 收集器可移动以逐渐横穿过滤器元件的整个上游面，以通过除去滤饼而进行清洁，而不会中断过滤系统的操作。 本发明还包括用于清洁从过滤装置取出的颗粒过滤介质并用于将清洁的过滤介质再循环回过滤装置的分离器。
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公开(公告)号：US4176465A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US816497
申请日：1977-07-18
摘要： A heat saving method for drying wet particulate solids as the latter move upwardly in a loaded screw flight conveyer wherein, by establishing a non-condensable gas barrier at the upper end of the flight, the vapors formed by heating the upwardly moving mass are induced to flow downwardly for condensation by the cooler incoming particulate matter, thereby effecting an internal transfer of the heat of vaporization of the wetting liquid and a consequent reduction in the heat required to dry the particulate matter and recover the separated vapor in liquid form.
摘要翻译： 一种用于干燥湿颗粒固体的节能方法，其中后者在装载的螺旋式飞行输送机中向上移动，其中通过在飞行的上端建立不可冷凝的气体屏障，通过加热向上运动的质量形成的蒸气被诱导为 向下流动通过较冷的进入的颗粒物质进行冷凝，从而实现润湿液体的蒸发热的内部转移，从而干燥颗粒物质所需的热量并且回收液体形式的分离蒸气。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4126519A
公开(公告)日：1978-11-21
申请号：US832363
申请日：1977-09-12
申请人： Robert G. Murray
发明人： Robert G. Murray
IPC分类号： C10B53/00 , C10B1/04 , C10B7/10 , C10B47/18 , C10B57/04 , C10B57/08 , C10J3/50 , C10B1/08 , C10B47/20 , C10L5/00
CPC分类号： C10B7/10 , C10B1/04 , C10B47/18 , C10B57/08 , Y02P20/129
摘要： An apparatus and method for performing a continuous thermal treatment of organic carbonaceous materials under controlled pressure in which the feed material is introduced into the system in the form of a slurry, and the level of liquid is maintained at a preselected operating level, serving as a gas-tight seal. The feed material is conveyed upwardly of the liquid operating level and is thereafter introduced into a reaction chamber in which it is heated to within a controlled elevated temperature range under controlled pressure in a manner to effect vaporization of at least a portion of the volatile substances therein, forming a gaseous phase composed of condensible and noncondensible vapors. The gaseous phase is withdrawn from the reaction chamber in a direction countercurrent to the travel of the feed material and in heat exchange relationship therewith, effecting condensation of the condensible phase and transport of the noncondensible phase, and is extracted from the system through a discharge port disposed above the liquid operating level. The thermally reacted product is cooled and transferred from the reaction chamber into a receiving chamber from which it is extracted continuously or intermittently.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在受控压力下进行有机碳质材料的连续热处理的装置和方法，其中所述进料以浆料的形式引入所述体系中，并且所述液体的水平保持在预选的操作水平，用作 气密密封。 原料被输送到液体操作水平向上，然后被引入到反应室中，在反应室中，其被加热至受控压力的受控升高的温度范围内，以使其中至少一部分挥发性物质蒸发 ，形成由可冷凝和不冷凝的蒸气组成的气相。 气相以与进料的行进方向逆流的方向从反应室中排出，与其交换热交换，进行可冷凝相的冷凝和非冷凝相的输送，并从系统中通过排出口 设置在液体操作水平以上。 将热反应的产物冷却并从反应室转移到接收室中，从其接收或间歇地萃取。
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公开(公告)号：US4077541A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-07
申请号：US692842
申请日：1976-06-04
申请人： Robert G. Murray
发明人： Robert G. Murray
CPC分类号： C10B31/00 , C10J3/30 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/78 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959
摘要： Method and apparatus are shown for feeding particulate material into a pressurized container. A rotor is located within the pressurized container, and the rotor hub is connected to a combination drive and material supply tube which extends through a wall of the container in fluid-tight engagement therewith. Particulate material from an unpressurized supply source outside the container is fed to the rotor through the supply tube, and is discharged through radially extending flow passages formed in the rotor. Means are provided for restricting the flow of particulate material at the discharge end of the flow passages such that material flowing therein is compacted by centrifugal acceleration to substantially prevent flow of fluid from the pressurized container through the supply pipe while continuously supplying particulate material to the container.
摘要翻译： 示出了用于将颗粒材料进料到加压容器中的方法和装置。 转子位于加压容器内，并且转子毂连接到组合驱动和材料供应管，该组合驱动和材料供应管通过容器的壁与其流体密封接合而延伸。 从容器外部的未加压供应源的颗粒物质通过供给管供给到转子，并且通过形成在转子中的径向延伸的流动通道排出。 提供了用于限制在流动通道的排出端处的颗粒材料的流动的装置，使得在其中流动的材料通过离心加速而被压缩，以基本上防止流体从加压容器通过供给管流动，同时将颗粒材料连续地供应到容器 。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4477257A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-16
申请号：US449421
申请日：1982-12-13
申请人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
发明人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
摘要： An improved apparatus and method for the continuous processing of organic carbonaceous materials containing appreciable amounts of water to produce thermally upgraded products suitable for use as fuels, carbon-containing chemical intermediates, and the like. The apparatus and process utilizes controlled elevated temperatures and pressures to which the feed material is sequentially subjected including a preheating stage, a pressurized dewatering stage and a reaction stage during which vaporization of at least a portion of the volatile organic and moisture constituents therein is effected to form a gaseous phase. The intervening dewatering stage removes a large proportion of the initial moisture content of the feed material whereby substantially improved efficiency and increased capacity are attained. The gaseous phase generated in the reaction stage is preferably passed in a direction countercurrent to the direction of flow of the feed material in the preheating stage and in heat exchange relationship therewith and residual steam from the preheating stage can also be advantageously employed to preheat and preliminarily reduce the moisture content of the incoming feed material.
摘要翻译： 一种用于连续处理含有大量水的有机含碳材料以制备适合用作燃料的热升级产品，含碳化学中间体等的改进的装置和方法。 该装置和方法利用受控的升高的温度和进料材料依次承受的压力，包括预热阶段，加压脱水阶段和反应阶段，在该阶段期间至少部分挥发性有机物和水分成分蒸发至其中 形成气相。 中间脱水阶段消除了进料的初始含水量的大部分，从而实现了实质上提高的效率和增加的容量。 在反应阶段产生的气相优选地在与预热阶段中的进料的流动方向相反的方向上进行，并且与其进行热交换关系，并且还可以有利地使用来自预热阶段的残余蒸汽来预热和预先 减少进料的含水量。
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7.发明授权Process and apparatus for separating coarse sand particles and recovering bitumen from tar sands 失效用于分离粗砂颗粒并从焦油砂中回收沥青的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US4120775A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-17
申请号：US816506
申请日：1977-07-18
摘要： A system for effecting a sharp separation from tar sands of the large weight fraction of coarse materials present therein and for recovering bitumen, or tar, from the remaining product, wherein, as a first step, finely divided particles of a tar sand are added to a liquid hydrocarbon solvent in an agitation zone to form a dilute solution of the bitumen component which is agitated to maintain both the coarse as well as the fine solid particles present in a well dispersed condition. This dispersion flows downwardly from the agitation zone and through a shallow conduit, generally rectangular in cross section and having an opening extending across its bottom portion over which the dispersion passes. During the short residence time of the dispersion over the opening, the coarse sand particles, which under the influence of gravity fall faster than the fines, selectively drop out of the dispersion and pass through the conduit opening into an underlying sand-receiving chamber. The latter is continuously provided with solvent which wells up into the bitumen solution passing overhead which still contains the fines portion of the dispersion.
摘要翻译： 用于与存在于其中的大量重质部分的焦油砂分离，并从其余产物中回收沥青或焦油的系统，其中作为第一步，将焦油砂的细碎颗粒加入到 在搅拌区中形成液体烃溶剂以形成沥青组分的稀溶液，该沥青组分被搅拌以保持在良好分散状态下存在的粗颗粒和细固体颗粒。 该分散体从搅拌区向下流动并通过浅导管，其通常为矩形横截面，并且具有延伸穿过其分散体通过的底部的开口。 在分散在开口处的短暂停留时间内，在重力下降得比细粉快的粗砂颗粒选择性地从分散体中滴出并通过导管开口进入下面的砂容器。 后者连续提供溶剂，该溶剂通过仍然含有分散体的细粒部分的顶部沥青溶液。
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公开(公告)号：US4106999A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US849176
申请日：1977-11-07
申请人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
发明人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
CPC分类号： C10B49/18 , C01B31/086 , C10J3/12 , C10J3/30 , C10J3/32 , C10J3/74 , C10J2300/0906 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/092 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0969 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0993 , C10J2300/1807
摘要： Apparatus for continuously pyrolyzing, vaporizing or gasifying a particulated carbonaceous feed material in which preheated heat-containing bodies or pebbles are admixed with the feed material in a stratified manner to form a downwardly moving columnar reaction mass, with a remaining portion of the pebbles substantially devoid of any feed material disposed in a surrounding layer relative to the reaction mass. Gas is continuously passed transversely through the reaction mass and surrounding layer in a manner to sweep the gaseous pyrolysis reaction products out of the reaction chamber and wherein the layers of pebbles surrounding the reaction mass serve to effect a deposition of carbonaceous residue preventing encrustation and fouling of the reactor. The pebbles are separated from the pyrolyzed residue comprising an activated char, a residual ash or stripped residue and are recirculated internally of the reactor during which they are reheated in a manner to remove any residual carbonaceous deposits therefrom and thereafter are reintroduced into the reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 用于连续热解，蒸发或气化颗粒状碳质进料的装置，其中预热的含热体或鹅卵石以分层方式与进料相混合以形成向下移动的柱状反应物料，剩余部分的鹅卵石基本上不含 的相对于反应物质设置在周围层中的任何进料。 气体连续地通过反应物质和周围层，以将气态热解反应产物从反应室中吹扫出来，并且其中围绕反应物质的卵石层用于实现碳质残渣的沉积，防止结垢和结垢 反应堆。 将鹅卵石与包含活性炭，残余灰分或汽提残余物的热解残余物分离，并在反应器内部循环，在此期间再次加热，以除去其中残留的碳质沉积物，然后再引入反应室。
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公开(公告)号：US4330032A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-18
申请号：US242831
申请日：1981-03-12
申请人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
发明人： Edward Koppelman , Robert G. Murray
CPC分类号： F28F19/008
摘要： A screw conveyor apparatus suitable for conveying and processing flowable materials such as particulate materials and slurries, for example, which incorporates cleaning or scraping elements for dislodging the accumulation of materials from the surfaces of the helical flight. The apparatus comprises an elongated housing defining a conveying chamber in which a helical flight is rotatably supported formed with a central axially extending bore through at least a portion of the length thereof and a shaft slidably disposed in the bore and reciprocable and rotatable relative to the helical flight. A series of scraper elements are mounted on the shaft adjacent to the leading and trailing surfaces of the helical flight and a drive mechanism is provided for rotating the helical flight and the shaft. A power mechanism is provided for intermittently or continuously reciprocating the shaft relative to the helical flight to effect a traversing movement of the scraper elements along the helical surfaces to effect dislodgement of any accumulated material therefrom.
摘要翻译： 适用于输送和加工诸如颗粒材料和浆料的可流动材料的螺旋输送机装置，例如其包括用于从螺旋形飞行器的表面移除材料积聚的清洁或刮擦元件。 该装置包括限定输送室的细长壳体，其中螺旋形飞行件可旋转地支撑，其形成有穿过其长度的至少一部分的中心轴向延伸的孔，以及可滑动地设置在孔中并相对于螺旋可往复运动和可旋转的轴 飞行。 一系列刮刀元件安装在与螺旋形飞行器的前表面和后表面相邻的轴上，并且提供用于旋转螺旋飞行和轴的驱动机构。 提供动力机构用于间歇地或连续地使轴相对于螺旋形飞行器往复运动，以实现沿着螺旋表面的刮刀元件的横移运动，从而实现任何积聚的材料的移动。
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公开(公告)号：US4201512A
公开(公告)日：1980-05-06
申请号：US826977
申请日：1977-08-23
申请人： Chester W. Marynowski , F. Michael Lewis , Charles E. Lapple , Robert G. Murray , Konrad T. Semrau
发明人： Chester W. Marynowski , F. Michael Lewis , Charles E. Lapple , Robert G. Murray , Konrad T. Semrau
CPC分类号： F01D1/36
摘要： The staging or compounding of drag-type turbines having a high energy input is herein accomplished by disposing successive stages of a drag turbine in radially offset relation, i.e., nested relationship with nozzles between radially displaced stages mounted either in fixed spatial position or mounted for rotation with the upstream rotor and providing either like or opposite directions of rotation of successive stages. The successive radial stages of the present invention are separately coupled to coaxial drive shafts which, in turn, may be appropriately coupled to rotary output means in a conventional manner to provide the output power and high efficiency of the multistaged turbine.
摘要翻译： 具有高能量输入的拖曳式涡轮机的分级或复合在此通过将拖拉式涡轮机的连续级设置为径向偏移关系来实现，即，在安装在固定的空间位置或安装成旋转的径向位移的台阶之间与喷嘴的嵌套关系 与上游转子并提供连续级的相同或相反的旋转方向。 本发明的连续的径向级分别联接到同轴驱动轴上，同轴驱动轴又可以以常规方式适当地耦合到旋转输出装置，以提供多级涡轮机的输出功率和高效率。
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