公开(公告)号：US5099488A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-24

申请号：US676758

申请日：1991-03-27

申请人： Mitra Ahrabi ,  Gerald S. Browder ,  John G. Endriz ,  Gary L. Harnagel ,  D. Philip Worland

发明人： Mitra Ahrabi ,  Gerald S. Browder ,  John G. Endriz ,  Gary L. Harnagel ,  D. Philip Worland

IPC分类号： H01S5/02 ,  H01S5/40

CPC分类号： H01S5/4025 ,  H01S5/005 ,  H01S5/02272 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/02423 ,  H01S5/02492

摘要： A laser array submount structure for assembly into a two-dimensional stacked array with precise separation between laser diodes of adjacent submounts. The submount includes a deformable metal layer, such as a soft solder, on one major surface of a laser array support plate. A spacer element having spaced apart ridges is disposed on the opposite major surface. A laser diode array is mounted on a front edge of the support plate. In a cold bonding step, submounts are pressed together causing ridges to penetrate the deformable metal layer to a specified depth. The displaced metal spreads into channels between the ridges, allowing pressing of multiple laser array submounts into stackes of precise total tolerance.

摘要翻译： 激光阵列底座结构，用于组装成相邻底座的激光二极管之间的精确分离的二维堆叠阵列。 底座在激光阵列支撑板的一个主表面上包括可变形金属层，例如软焊料。 具有间隔开的脊的间隔元件设置在相对的主表面上。 激光二极管阵列安装在支撑板的前边缘上。 在冷粘合步骤中，副安装座被压在一起，导致脊部将可变形的金属层穿透到指定的深度。 移位的金属扩散到脊之间的通道中，允许将多个激光阵列底座压入精确的总容差的堆叠中。

公开(公告)号：US4862802A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-05

申请号：US217551

申请日：1988-07-11

申请人： William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres ,  Jerome R. Klein

发明人： William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres ,  Jerome R. Klein

IPC分类号： F42B3/113

CPC分类号： F42B3/113

摘要： A pyrotechnic ignition method in which a semiconductor laser bar or bars containing a number of independent laser array sources deliver optical power in a specified sequence through optical fibers to a set of pyrotechnic elements in order to initiate a sequence of pyrotechnic events, such as a fireworks display, building demolition, emergency ejection sequence, satellite launch, etc. A command signal is transmitted and received, typically by a remote station from the user. The signal is decoded to generate a set of electrical signals representing addresses of individual laser arrays on the laser bar. The laser arrays are activated in the desired sequence in response to the set of electrical signals and emit laser light. This light is transmitted along optical fibers coupled to the individual laser arrays and terminating in pyrotechnic elements. The pyrotechnic elements are ignited in response to optical power received from the optical fibers, typically by direct heating of a detonator. The detonator may also be ignited photochemically or by electric current produced by a photoelectric sensor in response to sensing of the laser light.

摘要翻译： 一种烟火点火方法，其中包含多个独立的激光阵列源的半导体激光棒或条以规定的顺序通过光纤将光功率提供给一组烟火元件，以便启动烟火事件序列，例如烟火 显示，建筑拆除，紧急排放顺序，卫星发射等。通常由用户的远程站发送和接收命令信号。 信号被解码以产生一组电信号，其表示激光条上各个激光阵列的地址。 响应于该组电信号而激光阵列以期望的顺序被激活并发射激光。 该光沿着耦合到各个激光器阵列的光纤传输并且终止于烟火元件。 烟火元件响应于通过直接加热雷管而从光纤接收的光功率点燃。 响应于对激光的感测，雷管也可以光化学地或由光电传感器产生的电流点燃。

公开(公告)号：US4718069A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-05

申请号：US924195

申请日：1986-10-27

申请人： William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres

发明人： William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres

IPC分类号： H01S5/16 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S3/19

CPC分类号： H01S5/16 ,  H01S5/4068

摘要： A semiconductor laser array having a single lobe far field intensity pattern radiating normal to the laser's light emitting facet. The laser array has a plurality of semiconductor layers disposed over a substrate, at least one of the layers forming an active region for lightwave generation and propagation under lasing conditions. A plurality of adjacent spaced apart optical waveguides defined by waveguides and interconnecting waveguides directly couples lightwaves propagating in each waveguide into an adjacent waveguide. The waveguides are characterized by separations which are not equal at the light emitting facet but are selectively varied so that the sampling function has only a single central lobe. In the preferred embodiment, separations are greatest for edge located and smallest for centrally located waveguides. Interconnecting waveguides connect adjacent waveguides at respective Y-shaped junctions, the junctions being symmetric at least on the output side of the laser.

摘要翻译： 一种半导体激光器阵列，其具有垂直于激光器的发光小面辐射的单波瓣远场强度图案。 激光器阵列具有设置在衬底上的多个半导体层，所述层中的至少一个在激光条件下形成用于光波生成和传播的有源区域。 由波导和互连波导限定的多个相邻间隔开的光波导直接将在每个波导中传播的光波耦合到相邻波导中。 波导的特征在于在发光小面处不相等但是选择性地变化的分离，使得采样函数仅具有单个中心波瓣。 在优选实施例中，对于位于中心的波导的边缘定位和最小的间隔最大。 互连波导在相应的Y形结处连接相邻的波导，该结至少在激光器的输出侧是对称的。

公开(公告)号：US4633476A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-30

申请号：US672297

申请日：1984-11-16

申请人： Donald R. Scifres ,  Gary L. Harnagel

发明人： Donald R. Scifres ,  Gary L. Harnagel

IPC分类号： H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/18 ,  H01S5/343 ,  H01S3/19

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/18 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/3432

摘要： A heterostructure semiconductor laser emitting light in a direction vertical to the horizontal active layer has one or more internal reflectors for feedback. Angled reflectors, in the form of grooves etched at an angle exceeding the angle of total internal reflection through the layers, totally internally reflect light out of the laser. One or more of the following feedback constructions are used separately or in combination to provide low threshold current and frequency selection. Insulating windows may be put on the grooves. A periodic grating on a layer adjacent the active layer provides distributed feedback. A plurality of thin dielectric layers placed next to the active layer reflect light back into the active layer. Two parallel integral feedback facets crossing vertically through the active layer act as planar mirrors.

摘要翻译： 在垂直于水平有源层的方向上发射光的异质结构半导体激光器具有用于反馈的一个或多个内部反射器。 倾斜的反射器以以超过通过层的全内反射角度的角度蚀刻的凹槽的形式全部内部反射出激光。 以下反馈结构中的一个或多个单独地或组合使用以提供低阈值电流和频率选择。 绝缘窗可以放在凹槽上。 与有源层相邻的层上的周期性光栅提供分布式反馈。 放置在有源层旁边的多个薄电介质层将光反射回有源层。 两个平行的积分反馈小平面垂直穿过有源层，作为平面反射镜。

公开(公告)号：US5231642A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-27

申请号：US880681

申请日：1992-05-08

申请人： Donald R. Scifres ,  Kenneth M. Dzurko ,  Robert G. Waarts ,  David F. Welch ,  Amos Hardy ,  Stephen O'Brien

发明人： Donald R. Scifres ,  Kenneth M. Dzurko ,  Robert G. Waarts ,  David F. Welch ,  Amos Hardy ,  Stephen O'Brien

IPC分类号： H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/028 ,  H01S5/10 ,  H01S5/125 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/42 ,  H01S5/50

CPC分类号： H01S5/1032 ,  H01S5/1071 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/423 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/028 ,  H01S5/1243 ,  H01S5/125 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/2036 ,  H01S5/4075 ,  H01S5/42 ,  H01S5/50

摘要： A semiconductor laser that includes at least one grating reflector with a grating period selected to diffract at a nonperpendicular angle within the plane of the laser waveguide. This allows dispersal of laser light, eliminating filamentary multimode operation of broad area lasers. In one embodiment, the grating reflector couples light between a single transverse mode waveguide portion of the optical cavity and a second, broad area, portion that is not collinear with the single mode waveguide. In another embodiment, the cavity favors a ring mode of oscillation. One or more grating reflectors form part of the feedback mechanism which forms a resonant optical cavity with noncollinear portions. Other reflectors in the feedback mechanism include facet reflectors which can be cleaved or ion milled, or semiconductor material refractive index boundaries. Laser embodiments with two or more grating reflectors can be independently tuned to provide a high rate of amplitude modulation. Spatial beam deflection and wavelength tuning are also achieved. A stable unidirectional ring laser is also described. Multiple ring laser cavities can also be coupled together by partially reflecting grating reflectors to form a laser array.

摘要翻译： 一种半导体激光器，其包括至少一个具有光栅周期的光栅反射器，所述光栅反射器被选择为在激光波导的平面内以非垂直角衍射。 这允许分散激光，消除广域激光器的丝状多模操作。 在一个实施例中，光栅反射器将光耦合在光腔的单个横模式波导部分与不与单模波导共线的第二宽区域部分之间耦合。 在另一个实施例中，空腔有利于环形振荡模式。 一个或多个光栅反射器形成反馈机构的一部分，其形成具有非共线部分的谐振光腔。 反馈机构中的其他反射器包括可以被切割或离子研磨的面反射器，或半导体材料的折射率边界。 具有两个或更多个光栅反射器的激光器实施例可以被独立地调谐以提供高的幅度调制率。 还实现了空间光束偏转和波长调谐。 还描述了稳定的单向环形激光器。 多环激光腔也可以通过部分反射光栅反射器耦合在一起形成激光阵列。

公开(公告)号：US5185752A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-09

申请号：US837819

申请日：1992-02-18

申请人： David F. Welch ,  Robert G. Waarts

发明人： David F. Welch ,  Robert G. Waarts

IPC分类号： G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/109 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/065 ,  H01S5/14

CPC分类号： H01S5/141 ,  G02F1/3775 ,  G02F2001/3548 ,  G02F2202/20 ,  H01S5/0092 ,  H01S5/02252 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/4062 ,  H01S5/4087

摘要： Arrangements for efficiently coupling light between a laser diode and a second-harmonic generator which feature external resonant cavities that include a feedback grating fabricated on the second-harmonic generator. The feedback grating reflects light of a first frequency that matches the frequency doubling band of the second-harmonic generator, thereby establishing stable laser oscillation at that first frequency. Preferably, the second-harmonic generator has a periodically-poled waveguide formed in the surface of the nonlinear material body. The laser diode may be butted against the harmonic generator or coupling optics may be positioned between the two. In one arrangement, a polarizer is placed in the resonant cavity, either between an external back reflector and the back facet of the laser diode or between the antireflection coated front facet of the laser diode and the harmonic generator, to provide loss to the TE polarization mode and enhance oscillation in the TM polarization mode. In another arrangement, a half-wave plate is positioned between the antireflection coated front facet of the laser diode and the input end of the harmonic generator to cause TE mode oscillation in the laser diode, while coupling TM polarized light into the harmonic generator. The laser diode may be a monolithic laser diode array with multiple emitters, with the second-harmonic generator having multiple waveguides for receiving and doubling the frequency of light received from a corresponding diode emitter. The diode array may be a multiple wavelength array.

摘要翻译： 用于在激光二极管和二次谐波发生器之间有效耦合光的布置，其特征在于包括在二次谐波发生器上制造的反馈光栅的外部谐振腔。 反馈光栅反射与二次谐波发生器的倍频带匹配的第一频率的光，从而在该第一频率处建立稳定的激光振荡。 优选地，二次谐波发生器具有形成在非线性材料体的表面中的周期性极化的波导。 激光二极管可以对着谐波发生器，或者耦合光学器件可以位于两者之间。 在一种布置中，偏振器被放置在谐振腔中，无论是在外部后反射器和激光二极管的背面之间，还是在激光二极管的抗反射涂覆的前面与谐波发生器之间，以提供TE偏振损耗 模式，并增强TM偏振模式下的振荡。 在另一种布置中，半波片位于激光二极管的抗反射涂层前面和谐波发生器的输入端之间，以在激光二极管中引起TE模式振荡，同时将TM偏振光耦合到谐波发生器中。 激光二极管可以是具有多个发射器的单片激光二极管阵列，其中二次谐波发生器具有多个波导，用于接收并加倍从相应的二极管发射器接收的光的频率。 二极管阵列可以是多波长阵列。

公开(公告)号：US5168401A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-01

申请号：US696634

申请日：1991-05-07

申请人： John Endriz

发明人： John Endriz

IPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G02B5/04 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02B27/09 ,  G02B27/10 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/40

CPC分类号： G02B27/0961 ,  G02B19/0028 ,  G02B19/0057 ,  G02B27/0911 ,  G02B27/123 ,  G02B3/005 ,  G02B5/04 ,  G02B6/4206 ,  G02B6/4249 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S5/005 ,  H01S5/4012 ,  H01S5/4025

摘要： An optical system for use in conjunction with a one or two dimensional array of high brightness sources where such sources are individually rotated by multiple reflective elements and in turn may be captured by beam filling optics and subsequently re-imaged by symmetric and asymmetric optics where the asymmetric optics preferentially image a single dimension while leaving the focus in the second dimension largely unaffected. In this manner and by properly selecting the spacing as well as the width of the line sources, and by properly designing the symmetric and asymmetric optics, the array of high brightness sources can be reformatted in a brightness conserving manner that allows the reformatted beam to simultaneously have an arbitrary ratio of image length to image width and arbitrary divergences in the respective dimensions. The multiple reflective elements provide the means of re-formatting between dimensions and in general consist of two reflecting surfaces that rotate sources such that the source axis initially parallel to the line passing through all sources is rotated to be perpendicular to the line passing through all sources. The system is particularly useful in reformatting beams from multiple sources of arrays of semiconductor lasers.

摘要翻译： 用于与高亮度源的一维或二维阵列一起使用的光学系统，其中这些源由多个反射元件单独旋转，并且反过来又可以由光束填充光学器件捕获，并随后通过对称和非对称光学器件重新成像，其中 不对称光学器件优先对单个维度进行成像，同时在第二维度中保持焦点在很大程度上不受影响。 以这种方式并且通过适当地选择线源的间距和宽度，并且通过适当地设计对称和非对称光学器件，可以以亮度保持方式重新格式化高亮度源的阵列，这允许重新格式化的光束同时 在各个尺寸上具有图像长度与图像宽度和任意分歧的任意比例。 多个反射元件提供在尺寸之间重新格式化的手段，并且通常由旋转源的两个反射表面组成，使得最初平行于穿过所有源的线的源轴旋转以垂直于穿过所有源的线 。 该系统在重新格式化来自多个半导体激光器阵列源的光束时特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US5065401A

公开(公告)日：1991-11-12

申请号：US660804

申请日：1991-02-26

申请人： Donald R. Scifres ,  John G. Endriz

发明人： Donald R. Scifres ,  John G. Endriz

IPC分类号： H01S5/062

CPC分类号： H01S5/06216

摘要： A method of driving a multimode laser diode has pulse circuitry providing a sequence of drive current pulses to the laser and modulation circuitry superimposing a modulation current upon the drive current pulses. When the modulation amplitude and rate are sufficiently great, rapid switching of transverse modes of laser operation is induced during each laser pulse. The effect of many different modes is averaged out so that the observed light output, even in a high power apertured system, is stable both within a single pulse and from one pulse to the next.

摘要翻译： 驱动多模激光二极管的方法具有脉冲电路，其向激光器提供一系列驱动电流脉冲，并将调制电路叠加在驱动电流脉冲上。 当调制幅度和速率足够大时，在每个激光脉冲期间激光操作的横向模式的快速切换。 许多不同模式的效果被平均化，使得观察到的光输出，即使在高功率有孔系统中，在单个脉冲内也从一个脉冲到下一个脉冲是稳定的。

公开(公告)号：US4995050A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-19

申请号：US438600

申请日：1989-11-17

申请人： Robert G. Waarts ,  William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres

发明人： Robert G. Waarts ,  William Streifer ,  Donald R. Scifres

IPC分类号： H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/40

CPC分类号： H01S5/4062 ,  H01S5/148 ,  H01S3/08063 ,  H01S5/2036

摘要： A diode laser external lens cavity configuration having a stripe mirror with two thin parallel stripes placed in front of the two lobes of the arrays for far field output pattern. The configuration includes a diode laser array or broad area laser, a lens system, such as a graded-index lens, disposed in front of the laser's front light emitting facet and the stripe mirror disposed in front of the lens system at the focal plane of the lens. The two stripes are parallel to one another on opposite sides of and equidistant from a vertical reference plane through the lens' center axis. One stripe is highly reflective, while the other is effectively only partially reflective having either a lower stripe reflectivity or shorter length than the first stripe. Other embodiments include a third stripe spaced from and collinear with the second stripe to form an etalon, and a grating in the cavity.

摘要翻译： 一种二极管激光器外部透镜腔结构，其具有带有两个薄平行条纹的条状反射镜，放置在阵列的两个波瓣的前面用于远场输出图案。 该配置包括二极管激光器阵列或广域激光器，设置在激光器前发光小面前方的透镜系统，例如渐变折射率透镜，以及设置在透镜系统前方的条形反射镜，位于焦平面 镜头。 这两个条纹在通过透镜的中心轴的垂直参考平面的相对侧并且等距离地彼此平行。 一个条纹是高反射性的，而另一个条纹有效地仅部分反射，具有比第一条纹更低的条纹反射率或更短的长度。 其他实施例包括与第二条带间隔开并与第二条带共线以形成标准具的第三条纹和腔中的光栅。

公开(公告)号：US4934273A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-19

申请号：US368603

申请日：1989-06-20

申请人： John G. Endriz

发明人： John G. Endriz

IPC分类号： F42B12/42

CPC分类号： F42B12/42

摘要： A compact laser flare illuminator includes a semiconductor diode laser array radiation source, an energy source for the radiation source that can be switched on and a housing which holds the array and energy source, while allowing egress of a beam. This illuminator may be used to facilitate night vision by persons wearing night vision goggles or using other types of wavelength-selective night vision devices. The housing may serve as a heat sink and may be equipped with a propulsion device and with fins for flight stabilization, as well as with a parachute for slowing descent from an altitude above an area to be illuminated. A wavelength filter that passes radiation only in a predetermined wavelength range and a lens or optical element to focus the laser radiation toward the area to be illuminated are optional features.

摘要翻译： 紧凑的激光照明器包括半导体二极管激光阵列辐射源，用于可被接通的辐射源的能量源和保持阵列和能量源的壳体，同时允许射束的出射。 该照明器可以用于通过佩戴夜视眼镜的人或使用其它类型的波长选择性夜视装置来促进夜视。 壳体可以用作散热器，并且可以配备有推进装置和用于飞行稳定的翅片，以及用于从要照亮的区域上方的高度减速的降落伞。 仅在预定波长范围内通过辐射的波长滤光器和将激光辐射聚焦到被照射区域的透镜或光学元件是可选的特征。