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公开(公告)号：US4862802A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-05
申请号：US217551
申请日：1988-07-11
IPC分类号： F42B3/113
CPC分类号： F42B3/113
摘要： A pyrotechnic ignition method in which a semiconductor laser bar or bars containing a number of independent laser array sources deliver optical power in a specified sequence through optical fibers to a set of pyrotechnic elements in order to initiate a sequence of pyrotechnic events, such as a fireworks display, building demolition, emergency ejection sequence, satellite launch, etc. A command signal is transmitted and received, typically by a remote station from the user. The signal is decoded to generate a set of electrical signals representing addresses of individual laser arrays on the laser bar. The laser arrays are activated in the desired sequence in response to the set of electrical signals and emit laser light. This light is transmitted along optical fibers coupled to the individual laser arrays and terminating in pyrotechnic elements. The pyrotechnic elements are ignited in response to optical power received from the optical fibers, typically by direct heating of a detonator. The detonator may also be ignited photochemically or by electric current produced by a photoelectric sensor in response to sensing of the laser light.
摘要翻译： 一种烟火点火方法，其中包含多个独立的激光阵列源的半导体激光棒或条以规定的顺序通过光纤将光功率提供给一组烟火元件，以便启动烟火事件序列，例如烟火 显示，建筑拆除，紧急排放顺序，卫星发射等。通常由用户的远程站发送和接收命令信号。 信号被解码以产生一组电信号，其表示激光条上各个激光阵列的地址。 响应于该组电信号而激光阵列以期望的顺序被激活并发射激光。 该光沿着耦合到各个激光器阵列的光纤传输并且终止于烟火元件。 烟火元件响应于通过直接加热雷管而从光纤接收的光功率点燃。 响应于对激光的感测，雷管也可以光化学地或由光电传感器产生的电流点燃。
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公开(公告)号：US4718069A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-05
申请号：US924195
申请日：1986-10-27
CPC分类号： H01S5/16 , H01S5/4068
摘要： A semiconductor laser array having a single lobe far field intensity pattern radiating normal to the laser's light emitting facet. The laser array has a plurality of semiconductor layers disposed over a substrate, at least one of the layers forming an active region for lightwave generation and propagation under lasing conditions. A plurality of adjacent spaced apart optical waveguides defined by waveguides and interconnecting waveguides directly couples lightwaves propagating in each waveguide into an adjacent waveguide. The waveguides are characterized by separations which are not equal at the light emitting facet but are selectively varied so that the sampling function has only a single central lobe. In the preferred embodiment, separations are greatest for edge located and smallest for centrally located waveguides. Interconnecting waveguides connect adjacent waveguides at respective Y-shaped junctions, the junctions being symmetric at least on the output side of the laser.
摘要翻译： 一种半导体激光器阵列，其具有垂直于激光器的发光小面辐射的单波瓣远场强度图案。 激光器阵列具有设置在衬底上的多个半导体层，所述层中的至少一个在激光条件下形成用于光波生成和传播的有源区域。 由波导和互连波导限定的多个相邻间隔开的光波导直接将在每个波导中传播的光波耦合到相邻波导中。 波导的特征在于在发光小面处不相等但是选择性地变化的分离，使得采样函数仅具有单个中心波瓣。 在优选实施例中，对于位于中心的波导的边缘定位和最小的间隔最大。 互连波导在相应的Y形结处连接相邻的波导，该结至少在激光器的输出侧是对称的。
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公开(公告)号：USRE31806E
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US473304
申请日：1983-03-08
IPC分类号： H01S5/40
CPC分类号： H01S5/4068
摘要： A monolithic laser device produces a plurality of spatially displaced emitting cavities in an active layer of a semiconductor body acting as a waveguide for light wave propagation under lasing conditions. Various means are disclosed to deflect and directly couple a portion of the optical wave propagation into one or more different spatially displaced emitting cavities to improve coherence and reduce beam divergence.
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公开(公告)号：US4293826A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-06
申请号：US34237
申请日：1979-04-30
IPC分类号： H01L31/12 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/02 , H01S5/022 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/0683 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/40 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： H01S5/4025 , H01S5/02252 , H01S5/005 , H01S5/02284 , H01S5/02292 , H01S5/0683
摘要： A semiconductor injection laser is mounted on a silicon substrate. An optical detector is integral to the substrate and aligned at oblique angles relative to the path of the light from one of the light emitting facets of the laser. The detector may be connected to the current control circuit for the laser to provide a feedback signal which is proportional to the light deflected from the facet. The transversely disposed detector may also function to detect light from another source as part of an optical communication system. The detector may be a Schottky barrier or a p-n junction.
摘要翻译： 半导体注入激光器安装在硅衬底上。 光学检测器与衬底成一体并且相对于来自激光器的一个发光小面的光的路径以倾斜角对准。 检测器可以连接到用于激光器的电流控制电路，以提供与从小面偏转的光成正比的反馈信号。 横向布置的检测器还可以用于检测来自另一个源的光作为光通信系统的一部分。 检测器可以是肖特基势垒或p-n结。
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公开(公告)号：US4219785A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-26
申请号：US918740
申请日：1978-06-26
CPC分类号： H01S5/4068 , H01S5/0425 , H01S5/06243 , H01S5/4075
摘要： A light beam scanner of the moving interference fringe pattern type which includes a body of semiconductor material having a source of coherent radiation and wave guides for guiding the coherent radiation along a plurality of spatially displaced paths which are optically uncoupled, and means associated with the spatially displaced paths for producing relative phase changes between radiation in the different paths whereby interference fringes in the far field are spatially scanned. In addition, wavelength modulation of the laser over a range of about 80 A can be achieved. The source of the coherent radiation can be a single laser or a plurality of optically coupled lasers, and the optical uncoupling can be achieved by spatial displacement of the paths or by insertion of a high loss medium between the paths.
摘要翻译： 一种移动干涉条纹图案类型的光束扫描器，其包括具有相干辐射源的半导体材料体，以及用于沿光学非耦合的多个空间位移路径引导相干辐射的波导，以及与空间相关联的装置 用于在不同路径中的辐射之间产生相对相位变化的偏移路径，由此在远场中的干涉条纹被空间扫描。 此外，可以实现在大约80A范围内的激光器的波长调制。 相干辐射的源可以是单个激光器或多个光学耦合的激光器，并且光学解耦可以通过路径的空间位移或通过在路径之间插入高损耗介质来实现。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4185256A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-22
申请号：US869190
申请日：1978-01-13
CPC分类号： H01L33/0025 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/1032 , H01S5/0654 , H01S5/1021 , H01S5/2235 , H01S5/4031
摘要： Mode control both for longitudinal and fundamental transverse modes can be achieved by employing a mesa structure on the laser substrate during fabrication. The mesa will provide significant variations in the thickness of one or more heterostructure waveguiding layers that may be fabricated on the mesa formed substrate. As a result, the equivalent index of refraction for each waveguiding layer will be different. For longitudinal mode operation, a branching directional coupler can be directly fabricated during preferential LPE growth due to the presence of the mesa formed on the substrate. For fundamental transverse mode operation, oscillation can be restricted to a high gain region in a waveguiding layer due to the presence of the mesa and thickness variation and curvature in the active layer. Connected or juxtaposed stripe contact geometry can also be employed to provide a multicavity effect in a light waveguiding layer to enhance longitudinal mode selectivity.
摘要翻译： 可以通过在制造期间在激光基板上采用台面结构来实现纵向和基本横向模式的模式控制。 台面将提供可以在台面形成的基板上制造的一个或多个异质结构波导层的厚度的显着变化。 结果，每个波导层的等效折射率将是不同的。 对于纵向模式操作，由于在基板上形成的台面的存在，可以在优先LPE生长期间直接制造分支定向耦合器。 对于基本横向模式操作，由于在活性层中存在台面和厚度变化和曲率，振荡可以被限制在波导层中的高增益区域。 连接或并置的条状接触几何形状也可用于在光波导层中提供多腔效应以增强纵向模式选择性。
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公开(公告)号：US4006432A
公开(公告)日：1977-02-01
申请号：US515120
申请日：1974-10-15
CPC分类号： H01S5/187
摘要： A heterojunction diode laser which produces a highly collimated, polarized light beam perpendicular to the plane of the PN junction of the laser rather than through cleaved end faces in the plane of the PN junction. The diode laser includes a periodic structure which is buried at a heterojunction interface and in contact with a light waveguide layer. The periodic structure acts to produce the feedback necessary for lasing. If the spacing of the teeth of the periodic structure are an integer number of wavelengths of the light photons produced in the laser, the light beam exits at an angle perpendicular to the plane of the PN junction. If a tooth spacing is chosen that is not equal to an integer number of wavelengths of the light photons produced in the laser, the light beam may emerge from the diode at an angle other than the normal with the specific angle determined by the particular tooth spacing. To increase output intensity, the ends of the laser perpendicular to the plane of the PN junction and parallel to the teeth of the periodic structure may be cleaved and coated with a highly light reflective film.
摘要翻译： 一种异质结二极管激光器，其产生垂直于激光器PN结的平面的高度准直的偏振光束，而不是通过PN结平面中的裂开的端面。 二极管激光器包括周期性结构，其被埋在异质结界面并与光波导层接触。 周期性结构用于产生激光所需的反馈。 如果周期结构的齿的间隔是在激光器中产生的光子的整数波长，则光束以垂直于PN结的平面的角度射出。 如果选择不等于在激光器中产生的光子的整数波长的齿间隔，则光束可以以除了特定齿间隔所确定的特定角度的法线以外的角度从二极管出射 。 为了增加输出强度，垂直于PN结的平面的激光的端部并且平行于周期性结构的齿可以被切割并涂覆有高度反光的膜。
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公开(公告)号：US3969686A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-13
申请号：US562279
申请日：1975-03-26
CPC分类号： H01S5/12 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/4031 , H01S5/42 , H01S5/1071 , H01S5/4056
摘要： An electrically pumped, distributed feedback laser having all side surfaces of the active laser medium cleaved and a periodic structure at a 45.degree. angle to all of the cleaved surfaces. Current confining channels restrict pumping current to selected regions of the active laser medium to provide sufficient feedback such that two parallel filamentary areas of the active medium lase. By having multiple lasing filaments the divergence of the output beam in the direction of the width of the filaments is reduced by a factor proportional to the number of filamentary lasing areas.
摘要翻译： 一种电泵浦的分布式反馈激光器，其激活的激光介质的所有侧表面都被切割，并且与所有切割的表面成45度角的周期性结构。 电流限制通道将激励电流限制到活性激光介质的选定区域，以提供足够的反馈，使得活性介质的两个平行的丝状区域变薄。 通过具有多个激光丝，输出光束在细丝宽度方向上的发散度减小了与丝状激光区域数目成正比的因子。
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公开(公告)号：US4972427A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-20
申请号：US407206
申请日：1989-09-14
CPC分类号： H01S5/148 , H01S5/4062 , G02B6/2813
摘要： A diode laser of the type having an array of laser emitters in a Talbot cavity in which edge reflectors are added to enhance feedback to edgemost emitters. In one embodiment, a transparent slab with reflectively coated sides is present between the phase plane of the emitted light and the Talbot cavity reflector. The phase plne is defined by a lenticular array placed a focal length in front of the laser emitters. In another embodiment, the Talbot cavity reflector has an increased reflectivity toward its edges. In all embodiments the Talbot cavity reflector is preferably spaced a distance na.sup.2 /.lambda. from the phase plane, where n is a positive integer, a is separation between adjacent emitters and .lambda. is the wavelength of emitted light. An integrated embodiment has the array and cavity reflectors defined ina single semiconductor body divided into active and ransparent region. Side mirrors are etched into the semiconductor body. The laser array may also be extended to two dimensions with individual lasers or laser bars fiber coupled to a lens surface, with an edge reflector and Talbot cavity reflector coated on an otherwise transparent slab.
摘要翻译： 在Talbot腔中具有激光发射器阵列的类型的二极管激光器，其中添加边缘反射器以增强对edgemost发射体的反馈。 在一个实施例中，在发射光的相平面和Talbot腔反射器之间存在具有反射涂覆侧面的透明板。 相位斑点由在激光发射器前面放置焦距的透镜阵列限定。 在另一个实施例中，Talbot腔反射器对其边缘具有增加的反射率。 在所有实施例中，Talbot空腔反射器优选与相平面间隔距离为na2 /λ，其中n为正整数，a为相邻发射体之间的间隔，λ为发射光的波长。 集成实施例具有被划分为活性和透明区域的单个半导体主体中限定的阵列和空腔反射器。 侧镜被蚀刻到半导体本体中。 激光器阵列也可以扩展到二维，其中单独的激光器或激光棒纤维耦合到透镜表面，边缘反射器和Talbot腔体反射器涂覆在另外透明的平板上。
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公开(公告)号：US4826269A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US109824
申请日：1987-10-16
IPC分类号： A61B18/20 , B23K26/06 , G02B6/42 , G02B19/00 , H01S3/00 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/40 , G02B5/32 , F21K5/00 , G02B27/18
CPC分类号： B23K26/0613 , A61B18/20 , B23K26/06 , B23K26/0604 , B23K26/0648 , B23K26/0665 , G02B19/0014 , G02B19/0057 , G02B6/4206 , G02B6/4249 , G02B6/425 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/005 , H01S5/4012 , H01S5/4056 , Y10S362/80
摘要： A plurality of diode lasers is focussed onto a single region by arranging the diodes at equally spaced locations on a first arc. Each diode laser emits light in a slit-like pattern which is characterized by orthogonal axes. In a first group of cylindrical lenses, one associated with each diode laser, each lens has a refractive surface having an axis parallel to one of the emitting axes of the laser and refracts light to a focal region of defined dimensions. Each cylindrical lens is disposed along a second arc having a circular center common with the first arc. A second group of cylindrical lenses, one associated with each laser, is also disposed on a circular arc, concentric with the other arcs, but the second group has a refractive axis perpendicular to the first refractive axis. The second group of cylindrical lenses acts upon the second axis of the source image, focussing it to the common focal region. The first and second cylindrical lens groups may be combined into a toric surface within a single lens. The cylindrical lenses may either be individual lenses, or may be combined into a lenticular array. The lenses may be simple cylindrical refractive lenses, Fresnel lenses, or holographic lenses. A bright image of the source is formed at the common focal region. The diode lasers and cylindrical lenses may be arranged in three dimensions to produce very high optical power densities.
摘要翻译： 多个二极管激光器通过将二极管布置在第一弧上等间隔的位置而聚焦在单个区域上。 每个二极管激光器以正交轴为特征的狭缝状图案发光。 在第一组柱面透镜中，每个透镜都与每个二极管激光器相关联，每个透镜具有折射表面，该折射表面具有平行于激光器的一个发射轴的轴线，并将光折射到限定尺寸的焦点区域。 每个柱面透镜沿着具有与第一弧共同的圆形中心的第二弧设置。 与每个激光器相关联的第二组柱面透镜也设置在与其它弧同心的圆弧上，但是第二组具有垂直于第一折射轴的折射轴。 第二组柱面透镜作用于源图像的第二轴，将其聚焦到公共焦点区域。 第一和第二柱面透镜组可以组合成单个透镜内的复曲面。 柱面透镜可以是单独的透镜，或者可以组合成透镜阵列。 透镜可以是简单的圆柱形折射透镜，菲涅尔透镜或全息透镜。 在公共焦点区域形成源的明亮图像。 二极管激光器和柱面透镜可以三维布置以产生非常高的光功率密度。
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