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公开(公告)号：US4633476A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-30
申请号：US672297
申请日：1984-11-16
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/3432
摘要： A heterostructure semiconductor laser emitting light in a direction vertical to the horizontal active layer has one or more internal reflectors for feedback. Angled reflectors, in the form of grooves etched at an angle exceeding the angle of total internal reflection through the layers, totally internally reflect light out of the laser. One or more of the following feedback constructions are used separately or in combination to provide low threshold current and frequency selection. Insulating windows may be put on the grooves. A periodic grating on a layer adjacent the active layer provides distributed feedback. A plurality of thin dielectric layers placed next to the active layer reflect light back into the active layer. Two parallel integral feedback facets crossing vertically through the active layer act as planar mirrors.
摘要翻译： 在垂直于水平有源层的方向上发射光的异质结构半导体激光器具有用于反馈的一个或多个内部反射器。 倾斜的反射器以以超过通过层的全内反射角度的角度蚀刻的凹槽的形式全部内部反射出激光。 以下反馈结构中的一个或多个单独地或组合使用以提供低阈值电流和频率选择。 绝缘窗可以放在凹槽上。 与有源层相邻的层上的周期性光栅提供分布式反馈。 放置在有源层旁边的多个薄电介质层将光反射回有源层。 两个平行的积分反馈小平面垂直穿过有源层，作为平面反射镜。
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公开(公告)号：US4826269A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US109824
申请日：1987-10-16
IPC分类号： A61B18/20 , B23K26/06 , G02B6/42 , G02B19/00 , H01S3/00 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/40 , G02B5/32 , F21K5/00 , G02B27/18
CPC分类号： B23K26/0613 , A61B18/20 , B23K26/06 , B23K26/0604 , B23K26/0648 , B23K26/0665 , G02B19/0014 , G02B19/0057 , G02B6/4206 , G02B6/4249 , G02B6/425 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/005 , H01S5/4012 , H01S5/4056 , Y10S362/80
摘要： A plurality of diode lasers is focussed onto a single region by arranging the diodes at equally spaced locations on a first arc. Each diode laser emits light in a slit-like pattern which is characterized by orthogonal axes. In a first group of cylindrical lenses, one associated with each diode laser, each lens has a refractive surface having an axis parallel to one of the emitting axes of the laser and refracts light to a focal region of defined dimensions. Each cylindrical lens is disposed along a second arc having a circular center common with the first arc. A second group of cylindrical lenses, one associated with each laser, is also disposed on a circular arc, concentric with the other arcs, but the second group has a refractive axis perpendicular to the first refractive axis. The second group of cylindrical lenses acts upon the second axis of the source image, focussing it to the common focal region. The first and second cylindrical lens groups may be combined into a toric surface within a single lens. The cylindrical lenses may either be individual lenses, or may be combined into a lenticular array. The lenses may be simple cylindrical refractive lenses, Fresnel lenses, or holographic lenses. A bright image of the source is formed at the common focal region. The diode lasers and cylindrical lenses may be arranged in three dimensions to produce very high optical power densities.
摘要翻译： 多个二极管激光器通过将二极管布置在第一弧上等间隔的位置而聚焦在单个区域上。 每个二极管激光器以正交轴为特征的狭缝状图案发光。 在第一组柱面透镜中，每个透镜都与每个二极管激光器相关联，每个透镜具有折射表面，该折射表面具有平行于激光器的一个发射轴的轴线，并将光折射到限定尺寸的焦点区域。 每个柱面透镜沿着具有与第一弧共同的圆形中心的第二弧设置。 与每个激光器相关联的第二组柱面透镜也设置在与其它弧同心的圆弧上，但是第二组具有垂直于第一折射轴的折射轴。 第二组柱面透镜作用于源图像的第二轴，将其聚焦到公共焦点区域。 第一和第二柱面透镜组可以组合成单个透镜内的复曲面。 柱面透镜可以是单独的透镜，或者可以组合成透镜阵列。 透镜可以是简单的圆柱形折射透镜，菲涅尔透镜或全息透镜。 在公共焦点区域形成源的明亮图像。 二极管激光器和柱面透镜可以三维布置以产生非常高的光功率密度。
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公开(公告)号：US4716568A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US859058
申请日：1986-05-01
申请人： Donald R. Scifres , Peter Cross , Gary L. Harnagel
发明人： Donald R. Scifres , Peter Cross , Gary L. Harnagel
CPC分类号： H01S5/02423 , H01S5/02236 , H01S5/4018 , H01S5/02252 , H01S5/02469 , H01S5/405
摘要： A diode laser array assembly made from a plurality of linear diode laser array subassemblies stacked one above the other. Each subassembly is an array of individual laser beam emitters, such as a laser bar, mounted on a support plate. An electrically conductive path goes from one major surface of a support plate, through the linear laser array, to an opposite major surface of the support plate. Each subassembly is connected physically and electrically to adjacent subassemblies to form the final assembly. In one embodiment, the support plates are electrically insulating and partly coated or covered with conducting material. The plates are either rectangular with projections and directly connected, rectangular with metal plates between each other, or rectangular and connected in a staircase configuration. Alternatively, the support plates may be electrically conducting with an insulating layer and a conducting layer disposed in a sandwich configuration. The plates may also be made up of an electrically insulating support plate and an electrically conducting spacer plate.
摘要翻译： 由多个线性二极管激光器阵列组件制成的二极管激光器阵列组件，其一个堆叠在另一个之上。 每个子组件是安装在支撑板上的各个激光束发射器（例如激光棒）的阵列。 导电路径从支撑板的一个主表面通过线性激光器阵列移动到支撑板的相对主表面。 每个子组件物理和电连接到相邻的子组件以形成最终组件。 在一个实施例中，支撑板是电绝缘的并且部分地涂覆或用导电材料覆盖。 这些板是矩形的，具有突起并且直接连接，矩形，金属板彼此之间或矩形并且以阶梯结构连接。 或者，支撑板可以导电，绝缘层和以夹层结构设置的导电层。 板也可以由电绝缘支撑板和导电间隔板组成。
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公开(公告)号：US06407855B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09430394
申请日：1999-10-29
申请人： Stuart MacCormack , David M. Giltner , Vincent G. Dominic , Donald R. Scifres , Bardia Pezeshki , Edward C. Vail , Mehrdad Ziari , Robert G. Waarts
发明人： Stuart MacCormack , David M. Giltner , Vincent G. Dominic , Donald R. Scifres , Bardia Pezeshki , Edward C. Vail , Mehrdad Ziari , Robert G. Waarts
IPC分类号： H01S330
CPC分类号： H01S3/094 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/08086 , H01S3/0812 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/302
摘要： Optical pumping arrangements are provided for the broadband or multiple wavelength pumping of optical sources. Sources may be based on Raman gain media and may use multiple output couplers to couple out different wavelength ranges. Cascaded Raman resonator (CRR) configurations may also be used. Overlapping resonators at different wavelengths may be configured to share gain media, and may have separate portions in separate optical paths. Attenuation filters may also be used that are matched to the gain profile of a gain medium, to flatten the gain spectrum and allow equalization of gain to different output wavelengths. In one embodiment, polarization maintaining fiber is used to develop resonant conditions at different wavelengths in different polarization states. Wideband output gratings may be substituted for narrowband gratings to provide CRR configurations with a broader output band. Broadband amplification may also be provided by using a laser source operating in coherence collapse. The multiple wavelength pumping lends itself to a pumping arrangement in which sources at different wavelengths are combined into separate transmission/gain media such as the different fibers of an optical fiber cable.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于光源的宽波长或多波长泵浦的光泵浦装置。 源可以基于拉曼增益介质，并且可以使用多个输出耦合器耦合出不同的波长范围。 也可以使用级联拉曼谐振器（CRR）。 可以将不同波长的重叠谐振器配置成共享增益介质，并且可以在单独的光路中具有分离的部分。 还可以使用与增益介质的增益曲线匹配的衰减滤波器，以平坦化增益谱，并允许将增益均衡到不同的输出波长。 在一个实施例中，使用偏振保持光纤来发展不同偏振态的不同波长的谐振条件。 宽带输出光栅可以代替窄带光栅，以提供具有更宽输出频带的CRR配置。 也可以通过使用在相干塌陷中操作的激光源来提供宽带放大。 多波长泵浦本身适用于泵送装置，其中将不同波长的源组合成单独的传输/增益介质，例如光纤电缆的不同光纤。
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公开(公告)号：US06275632B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-14
申请号：US09724106
申请日：2000-11-25
申请人： Robert G. Waarts , David F. Welch , Stephen G. Grubb , Jean-Luc Archambault , Steven Sanders , Raymond Zanoni , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Robert G. Waarts , David F. Welch , Stephen G. Grubb , Jean-Luc Archambault , Steven Sanders , Raymond Zanoni , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/29319 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/094015 , H01S3/2383 , H01S3/2391 , H01S3/30 , H01S3/302 , H01S5/146 , H01S5/4012 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/4031 , H04B10/291
摘要： Power scaling by multiplexing multiple fiber gain sources with different wavelengths, pulsing or polarization modes of operation is achieved through multiplex combining of the multiple fiber gain sources to provide high power outputs, such as ranging from tens of watts to hundreds of watts, provided on a single mode or multimode fiber.
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公开(公告)号：US6100546A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US908766
申请日：1997-08-07
申请人： Jo S. Major , David F. Welch , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Jo S. Major , David F. Welch , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： C23C16/30 , H01L33/32 , H01S5/323 , H01L33/00 , H01L31/0304
CPC分类号： H01S5/3235 , C23C16/303 , C30B25/02 , C30B29/40 , H01L33/32 , H01S5/32 , H01S5/323 , H01S5/32341 , H01S5/32366 , H01S5/32375
摘要： III-V arsenide-nitride semiconductor are disclosed. Group III elements are combined with group V elements, including at least nitrogen and arsenic, in concentrations chosen to lattice match commercially available crystalline substrates. Epitaxial growth of these III-V crystals results in direct bandgap materials, which can be used in applications such as light emitting diodes and lasers. Varying the concentrations of the elements in the III-V materials varies the bandgaps, such that materials emitting light spanning the visible spectra, as well as mid-IR and near-UV emitters, can be created. Conversely, such material can be used to create devices that acquire light and convert the light to electricity, for applications such as full color photodetectors and solar energy collectors. The growth of the III-V material can be accomplished by growing thin layers of elements or compounds in sequences that result in the overall lattice match and bandgap desired.
摘要翻译： 公开了III-V族氮化物半导体。 III族元素与V族元素组合，包括至少氮和砷，其浓度选择为与市售的晶体基质匹配。 这些III-V晶体的外延生长导致直接的带隙材料，其可以用于诸如发光二极管和激光器的应用中。 改变III-V材料中元素的浓度会改变带隙，从而可以产生跨越可见光谱的光以及中红外和近紫外线发射体的材料。 相反，这种材料可用于产生获得光并将光转换成电的装置，用于诸如全色光电检测器和太阳能收集器的应用。 III-V材料的生长可以通过在导致总体晶格匹配和带隙期望的序列中生长薄层的元素或化合物来实现。
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公开(公告)号：US6025942A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US827093
申请日：1997-03-27
申请人： Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Donald R. Scifres
CPC分类号： H04B10/1149 , H04W84/12
摘要： An infrared laser diode wireless local area network for communication between spatially dispersed terminals such as computers which may be located in a single room or in adjacent rooms. The lasers may be tuned to emit at varying frequencies for wavelength multiplexing, or a plurality of lasers each having a different output frequency can be connected with each terminal. A receiver connected to each terminal may similarly detect only a single narrow waveband or may detect a plurality of such wavebands. A transceiver may be employed for signal transmission between separate rooms. High speed data modulation of the carrier waves is provided with MOPA or similar lasers, and broad angular dispersion of the output is achieved by such lasers along with dispersive lenses.
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公开(公告)号：US5713654A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-03
申请号：US313757
申请日：1994-09-28
申请人： Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Donald R. Scifres
CPC分类号： G02B6/0001 , B60Q1/0011 , Y10S362/80
摘要： A vehicle lighting system using individually addressable laser diodes or laser arrays coupled to a fiber optic waveguide. A plurality of laser light sources are grouped together and conveniently located on the vehicle. Each laser light source is individually addressable and produces a beam that is coupled to a fiber optic waveguide. The waveguide distally transmits the beam to various optical loads on the vehicle. Alternatively, each fiber optic waveguide may be coupled to receive a beam from more than one laser light source. This allows switching to an operational light source should one fail. In this manner, the operational life of the system is increased.
摘要翻译： 使用单独可寻址的激光二极管或耦合到光纤波导的激光器阵列的车辆照明系统。 多个激光光源分组在一起并且方便地位于车辆上。 每个激光光源可单独寻址并产生耦合到光纤波导的光束。 波导将光束向远端传输到车辆上的各种光负载。 或者，每个光纤波导可以被耦合以从多于一个的激光光源接收光束。 如果一个失败，这可以切换到操作光源。 以这种方式，系统的使用寿命增加。
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公开(公告)号：US5337328A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US97682
申请日：1993-07-27
IPC分类号： H01S5/026 , H01S5/028 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/40 , H01S5/42 , H01S5/50 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： H01S5/1032 , H01S5/1071 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/423 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/028 , H01S5/1243 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/2036 , H01S5/4075 , H01S5/42 , H01S5/50
摘要： A semiconductor laser includes a grating that is disposed at an angle to cavity reflectors to coherently diffract a beam of light along a path that is at least partially laterally directed within the cavity. The grating period and orientation are selected such that a specified wavelength of the light beam propagating along the path will resonate for light that impinges upon the end reflectors at normal incidence. By keeping the angle of incidence of the light beam upon the grating greater than about 45 degrees, reflectivity of the grating is maximized and the required grating period is larger thereby simplifying the fabrication of the grating.
摘要翻译： 半导体激光器包括光栅，该光栅与空腔反射器成角度设置，以沿着至少部分横向定向在空腔内的路径相干地衍射光束。 选择光栅周期和取向，使得沿着路径传播的光束的指定波长将对于在正常入射时撞击端反射器的光共振。 通过将光束的入射角保持在大于45度的光栅上，光栅的反射率最大化，并且所需的光栅周期更大，从而简化了光栅的制造。
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公开(公告)号：US4862802A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-05
申请号：US217551
申请日：1988-07-11
IPC分类号： F42B3/113
CPC分类号： F42B3/113
摘要： A pyrotechnic ignition method in which a semiconductor laser bar or bars containing a number of independent laser array sources deliver optical power in a specified sequence through optical fibers to a set of pyrotechnic elements in order to initiate a sequence of pyrotechnic events, such as a fireworks display, building demolition, emergency ejection sequence, satellite launch, etc. A command signal is transmitted and received, typically by a remote station from the user. The signal is decoded to generate a set of electrical signals representing addresses of individual laser arrays on the laser bar. The laser arrays are activated in the desired sequence in response to the set of electrical signals and emit laser light. This light is transmitted along optical fibers coupled to the individual laser arrays and terminating in pyrotechnic elements. The pyrotechnic elements are ignited in response to optical power received from the optical fibers, typically by direct heating of a detonator. The detonator may also be ignited photochemically or by electric current produced by a photoelectric sensor in response to sensing of the laser light.
摘要翻译： 一种烟火点火方法，其中包含多个独立的激光阵列源的半导体激光棒或条以规定的顺序通过光纤将光功率提供给一组烟火元件，以便启动烟火事件序列，例如烟火 显示，建筑拆除，紧急排放顺序，卫星发射等。通常由用户的远程站发送和接收命令信号。 信号被解码以产生一组电信号，其表示激光条上各个激光阵列的地址。 响应于该组电信号而激光阵列以期望的顺序被激活并发射激光。 该光沿着耦合到各个激光器阵列的光纤传输并且终止于烟火元件。 烟火元件响应于通过直接加热雷管而从光纤接收的光功率点燃。 响应于对激光的感测，雷管也可以光化学地或由光电传感器产生的电流点燃。
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