Abstract:
A system having a flow channel for conveying a sample and having fluid light guides for projecting light to the sample target area and collecting light from the sample target area. The system may have fluid light guides on or off the card containing the flow channel. Accurate alignment may be provided by the fluid light guides in lieu of requiring precise alignment for the light source and detectors. The flow channel may be a part of a cytometer system.
Abstract:
A multi-substrate package assembly having a first substrate, a second substrate and a package, each with a number of bond pads. The package includes a cavity for receiving either or both of the first and second substrates, with a number of bond pads positioned along at least part of the periphery of the cavity. The first substrate and the second substrate are preferably positioned in the cavity of the package, with selected bond pads of the first substrate and second substrate electrically connected to selected bond pads of the package. In some embodiments, the bond pads of the first substrate are only connected to bond pads on one or more sides of the cavity, and the bond pads of the second substrate are only connected to bond pads on one or more of the remaining sides of the cavity. The packaging assembly of the present invention can be used in many applications, including spectrally tunable optical detectors.
Abstract:
A photoelectrocatalytic sensor system for measuring oxidizable impurities in air. The sensor system may include a transistor having an electrode and a channel for the flow of current, a photocatalytic material coated onto the electrode of the transistor, a light source for producing an ultraviolet light beam onto the photocatalytic material, and a sensor for measuring the flow of current.
Abstract:
A spectrally tunable optical detector and methods of manufacture therefore are provided. In one illustrative embodiment, the tunable optical detector includes a tunable bandpass filter, a detector and readout electronics, each supported by a different substrate. The substrates are secured relative to one another to form the spectrally tunable optical detector.
Abstract:
A structure having a substrate, patterned metal layer and a catalyst island formed on the metal layer. The surface of the substrate upon which the metal layer is formed may be oxidized. As an illustrative example, the metal may be HfN and the catalyst island may be iron, nickel, or the like. The resulting structure may be placed in an environment having a carbon-containing gas, a temperature between 500 and 1200 degrees C., and an electric field. A nanotube may grow from the catalyst island. A method including the combining of hafnium and nitrogen may be used to make the nanotube growing structure.
Abstract:
A cavity ring-down spectrometer having a light-conveying structure, a mirror and an isolator. The structure may form a resonator cavity, and the resonator cavity may include a sample sub-cavity and a mirror sub-cavity. A preconcentrator medium may be within a sample sub-cavity, and the medium may adsorb a sample substance entering the sample sub-cavity. A heater may heat the medium to desorb the sample through which a light can propagate. The mirror may be within the mirror sub-cavity, and the mirror may direct light through the mirror sub-cavity and the sample sub-cavity. The isolator may reduce, inhibit or prevent the sample substance in the sample sub-cavity from entering the mirror sub-cavity and affecting the mirror in the mirror sub-cavity.
Abstract:
A sensitive fluid sensor for detecting fluids and particularly trace fluids. The sensor may be adjustable for detecting fluids of various absorption lines. To effect such adjustment, a tunable laser may be used. The laser may non-tunable with a cavity having moveable mirror(s) for tuning. The laser may be an edge emitting diode, a VCSEL or other tunable on on-tunable source. The detection apparatus of the sensor may incorporate a sample cell through which a laser light may go through. The sample cell may include a tunable ring cavity block. There may be a photo detector or detectors proximate to the ring cavity. The lasers and detectors may be to electronics and/or a processor.
Abstract:
A gas sensor is provided for detecting one or more gases in a gas sample. The gas sensor includes a substrate, a solid electrolyte layer including lanthanum oxide for sensing carbon dioxide, a heating element thermally coupled to the solid electrolyte layer, and a controller coupled to the heating element and the solid electrolyte layer. The controller heats the heating element so that the solid electrolyte layer reaches an operating. Methods of sensing carbon dioxide and humidity are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A light detector having a cathode wafer, a cavity wafer and an anode wafer. The cathode wafer may be bonded to one side of the cavity wafer and the anode wafer may be bonded to another side of the cavity wafer. The cathode wafer may have numerous cathodes, the anode wafer numerous anodes and the cavity wafer numerous cavities which may be aligned on a one-to-one basis to form a wafer structure of a plurality of detectors which may be diced into separable detector chips. When there is a voltage potential across a cathode and an anode, and a gas such as Ne or the like in the cavity, a reception of light such as ultra violet may result in an electronic discharge between the cathode and anode of the light detector.
Abstract:
A sensitive fluid sensor for detecting fluids and particularly trace fluids. The sensor may be adjustable for detecting fluids of various absorption lines. To effect such adjustment, a tunable laser may be used. The laser may be an edge emitting diode, a VCSEL or other tunable source. The detection apparatus of the sensor may incorporate a sample cell through which a laser light may go through. The sample cell may comprise a tunable ring-down cavity. The ring-down cavity may be a ring laser cavity like that of a ring laser gyroscope. There may be a photo detector proximate to the ring down cavity connected to a processor.