公开(公告)号：US20120295783A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-22

申请号：US13576437

申请日：2011-02-01

申请人： David W. Lipke ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： David W. Lipke ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： C04B35/622 ,  C01B31/34 ,  B05D5/00 ,  C04B35/56 ,  C04B35/58 ,  C22B5/00 ,  C01B31/30 ,  C01B35/04

CPC分类号： C01G35/00 ,  C01G33/00 ,  C01G39/00 ,  C01G41/00 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/03

摘要： Methods of converting shaped templates into shaped metal-containing components, allowing for the production of freestanding, porous metal-containing replicas whose shapes and microstructures are derived from a shaped template, and partially or fully converting the shaped templates to produce metal-containing coatings on an underlying shaped template are described herein. Such coatings and replicas can be applied in a variety of fields including, but not limited to, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, and various structural or refractory materials and structural or refractory composite materials.

摘要翻译： 将成形模板转化成含金属成分的方法，允许生产其形状和微观结构衍生自成形模板的独立的多孔金属复制品，以及部分或完全转化成形模板以产生含金属的涂层 本文描述了底层的成形模板。 这样的涂层和复制品可以应用于各种领域，包括但不限于催化，储能和转化，以及各种结构或耐火材料以及结构或难熔复合材料。

公开(公告)号：US07204971B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-17

申请号：US10160292

申请日：2002-05-30

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： C01B13/14

CPC分类号： G01N33/54346 ,  B81B2201/034 ,  B81B2201/035 ,  B81C1/00 ,  B81C99/0085 ,  G01N33/54353 ,  G01N33/544 ,  Y10S977/811 ,  Y10S977/84 ,  Y10S977/89 ,  Y10S977/90

摘要： The present invention is focused on a revolutionary, low-cost (highly-scaleable) approach for the mass production of three-dimensional microcomponents: the biological reproduction of naturally-derived, biocatalytically-derived, and/or genetically-tailored three-dimensional microtemplates (e.g., frustules of diatoms, microskeletons of radiolarians, shells of mollusks) with desired dimensional features, followed by reactive conversion of such microtemplates into microcomponents with desired compositions that differ from the starting microtemplate and with dimensional features that are similar to those of the starting microtemplate. Because the shapes of such microcomponents may be tailored through genetic engineering of the shapes of the microtemplates, such microcomposites are considered to be Genetically-Engineered Materials (GEMs).

摘要翻译： 本发明集中在用于大规模生产三维微型组件的革命性的低成本（高度可扩展）方法：天然衍生的，生物催化衍生的和/或基因定制的三维微型模板的生物繁殖 （例如，硅藻的截头圆锥体，放射体的微骨架，软体动物的壳）具有所需的尺寸特征，随后将这种微模板反应转化成具有与起始微模板不同的所需组成的微组件，并具有与起始微模板类似的尺寸特征 微模板。 由于这些微型组件的形状可以通过微型模板的形状的遗传工程来定制，所以这种微复合材料被认为是基因工程材料（GEM）。

公开(公告)号：US5259885A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-09

申请号：US679614

申请日：1991-04-03

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： B32B18/00 ,  C01G1/00 ,  C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/622 ,  C04B35/65 ,  H01B12/06 ,  H01B13/00 ,  C23C8/06

CPC分类号： B32B18/00 ,  C04B35/65 ,  C04B2237/34 ,  C04B2237/68 ,  Y10S148/035 ,  Y10S505/736 ,  Y10S505/742 ,  Y10S505/785

摘要： A method of preparing a laminated ceramic. The method includes preparing a precursor having at least one noble metal element component and at least two non-noble metal elements. The precursor is exposed to a first environment to form an oxidized zone having a first concentration of a primary ceramic phase containing the non-noble metal elements. The precursor is next exposed to a second environment to form a second oxidized zone having a second concentration of the primary ceramic phase, the second concentration being less than the first concentration. The precursor is repeatedly exposed to each environment to form a plurality of zones with the first concentration of the primary ceramic phase separated by zones with the second concentration of the ceramic.

摘要翻译： 一种制备层压陶瓷的方法。 该方法包括制备具有至少一种贵金属元素成分和至少两种非贵金属元素的前体。 将前体暴露于第一环境以形成具有第一浓度的含有非贵金属元素的初级陶瓷相的氧化区。 接着将前体暴露于第二环境以形成具有第二浓度的初级陶瓷相的第二氧化区，第二浓度小于第一浓度。 将前体反复暴露于每个环境以形成多个区域，其中初级陶瓷相的第一浓度由具有第二浓度的陶瓷的区域分离。

公开(公告)号：US07393517B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-01

申请号：US10225836

申请日：2002-08-22

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： C01B15/026

CPC分类号： B81C1/00

摘要： The purpose of the present invention is to describe a novel approach for converting 3-dimensional, synthetic micro- and nano-templates into different materials with a retention of shape/dimensions and morphological features. The ultimate objective of this approach is to mass-produce micro- and nano-templates of tailored shapes through the use of synthetic or man-made micropreforms, and then chemical conversion of such templates by controlled chemical reactions into near net-shaped, micro- and nano-components of desired compositions. The basic idea of this invention is to obtain a synthetic microtemplate with a desired shape and with desired surface features, and then to convert the microtemplate into a different material through the use of chemical reactions.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是描述一种用于将三维，合成的微型和纳米模板转换成具有保持形状/尺寸和形态特征的不同材料的新方法。 这种方法的最终目标是通过使用合成或人造微变形模块大规模生产定制形状的微米和纳米模板，然后通过受控化学反应将这些模板化学转化成近网状， 和所需组合物的纳米组分。 本发明的基本思想是获得具有所需形状和所需表面特征的合成微型模板，然后通过使用化学反应将微模板转化为不同的材料。

公开(公告)号：US06616826B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09630180

申请日：2000-08-01

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Robert L. Snyder

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Robert L. Snyder

IPC分类号： C25C122

CPC分类号： H01M4/9025 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/12 ,  C25C7/025 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074

摘要： The present invention includes uranium-bearing ceramic phase electrodes and electrolysis apparatus and electrolysis methods featuring same, including methods of metal production and the like by the electrolytic reduction of oxides or salts of the respective metals. More particularly, the invention relates to an inert type electrode composition, and methods for fabricating electrode compositions, useful in the electrolytic production of such metals. The present invention also includes an inert-type electrode composition, and methods for fabricating electrode compositions, used in processes for generating energy from fossil fuels.

摘要翻译： 本发明包括含有铀的陶瓷相电极和电解装置及其电解方法，包括通过电解还原氧化物或各种金属的盐来进行金属生产等的方法。 更具体地说，本发明涉及惰性型电极组合物，以及用于制造电极组合物的方法，可用于这种金属的电解生产。 本发明还包括用于从化石燃料产生能量的方法中使用的惰性型电极组合物和用于制造电极组合物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5034373A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-23

申请号：US455573

申请日：1989-12-22

申请人： Gaylord D. Smith ,  Jon M. Poole ,  Marvin G. McKimpson ,  Lawrence J. Masur ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： Gaylord D. Smith ,  Jon M. Poole ,  Marvin G. McKimpson ,  Lawrence J. Masur ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： C01G1/00 ,  B22F3/20 ,  B22F9/04 ,  C01B13/14 ,  C01G3/00 ,  C01G5/00 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/65 ,  H01B12/00 ,  H01B13/00 ,  H01L39/12 ,  H01L39/24

CPC分类号： C04B35/65 ,  B22F3/20 ,  B22F9/04 ,  C04B35/4504 ,  H01L39/2477 ,  H01L39/248 ,  B22F2003/206 ,  B22F2009/041 ,  B22F2998/10

摘要： The invention provides a process for production of silver-containing precursor alloys to oxide superconductors, said alloys having reduced amounts of intermetallics. Powders containing metallic elemental components of an oxide superconductor are high energy milled for a predetermined amount of time to increase homogeneity of the mixed metallic elemental components of the oxide superconductor. Silver is then high energy milled into the metallic components. The mixed silver and metallic elemental components of the oxide superconductor are compacted for the silver-containing superconductor precursor. The compacted powder is preferably hot worked at a temperature of at least 50% of the precursor alloy's melting temperature in degrees Kelvin.

公开(公告)号：US09272923B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-01

申请号：US13576437

申请日：2011-02-01

申请人： David W. Lipke ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

发明人： David W. Lipke ,  Kenneth H. Sandhage

IPC分类号： C01B11/00 ,  C01B31/00 ,  C01B35/00 ,  C01G37/00 ,  C01G39/00 ,  C01G41/00 ,  C22B34/30 ,  C01G31/00 ,  C01G33/00 ,  C01G35/00 ,  C22B34/20

CPC分类号： C01G35/00 ,  C01G33/00 ,  C01G39/00 ,  C01G41/00 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2004/03

摘要： Methods of converting shaped templates into shaped metal-containing components, allowing for the production of freestanding, porous metal-containing replicas whose shapes and microstructures are derived from a shaped template, and partially or fully converting the shaped templates to produce metal-containing coatings on an underlying shaped template are described herein. Such coatings and replicas can be applied in a variety of fields including, but not limited to, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, and various structural or refractory materials and structural or refractory composite materials.

摘要翻译： 将成形模板转化成含金属成分的方法，允许生产其形状和微观结构衍生自成形模板的独立的多孔金属复制品，以及部分或完全转化成形模板以产生含金属的涂层 本文描述了底层的成形模板。 这样的涂层和复制品可以应用于各种领域，包括但不限于催化，储能和转化，以及各种结构或耐火材料以及结构或难熔复合材料。

公开(公告)号：US06833337B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-21

申请号：US10158600

申请日：2002-05-30

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Pragati Kumar

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Pragati Kumar

IPC分类号： C04B3800

CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 ,  C04B35/622 ,  Y10T428/249957

摘要： The present invention is a method for fabricating shaped monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites, and the ceramics and composites made thereby. The method of the present invention includes three basic steps: (1) Synthesis or other acquisition of a porous preform with an appropriate composition, pore fraction, and overall shape is prepared or obtained. The pore fraction of the preform is tailored so that the reaction-induced increase in solid volume can compensate partially or completely for such porosity. It will be understood that the porous preform need only be sufficiently dimensionally stable to resist the capillary action of the infiltrated liquid reactant; (2) Infiltration: The porous preform is infiltrated with a liquid reactant; and (3) Reaction: The liquid reactant is allowed to react partially or completely with the solid preform to produce a dense, shaped body containing desired ceramic phase(s). The reaction in step (3) above is a displacement reaction of the following general type between a liquid species, M(l), and a solid preform comprising the compound, NBXC(s): AM(l)+NBXC(s)=AMXC/A(s)+BN(l/g) where MXC/A(s) is a solid reaction product (X is a metalloid element, such as, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.) and N(l/g) is a fluid (liquid or gas) reaction product. A, B and C are molar coefficients.

摘要翻译： 本发明是一种制造成形的整体陶瓷和陶瓷复合材料的方法，以及由此制成的陶瓷和复合材料。 本发明的方法包括三个基本步骤：（1）制备或获得具有适当组成，孔隙分数和整体形状的多孔预型体的合成或其它方法。 定制预制件的孔隙分数，使得反应引起的固体体积增加可以部分地或完全地补偿这种孔隙率。 应当理解，多孔预成型件仅需要足够的尺寸稳定性以抵抗渗透的液体反应物的毛细管作用; （2）渗透：多孔预型体用液体反应物渗透; 和（3）反应：使液体反应物部分或完全与固体预成型体反应，以产生含有所需陶瓷相的致密的成型体。 上述步骤（3）中的反应是液体物质M（1）和包含该化合物NBXC的固体预制品之间的以下通用类型的置换反应：AM（1）+ NBXC（s）= AMXC / A（s）+ BN（1 / g）其中MXC / A（s）是固体反应产物（X是类金属元素，例如氧，氮，硫等）和N（ l / g）是流体（液体或气体）反应产物。 A，B和C是摩尔系数。

公开(公告)号：US06598656B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-29

申请号：US09843528

申请日：2001-04-25

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Raymond Unocic ,  Matthew Dickerson ,  Kamila Guerra ,  Matthew Timberlake

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Raymond Unocic ,  Matthew Dickerson ,  Kamila Guerra ,  Matthew Timberlake

IPC分类号： B22D1914

CPC分类号： C04B41/009 ,  B22D19/14 ,  C04B41/5133 ,  C04B41/88 ,  C22C1/1068 ,  C22C2001/1057 ,  C04B41/4523 ,  C04B41/455 ,  C04B35/515

摘要： This invention relates to methods and apparatus useful in the ceramics industry. More specifically, this invention relates to the fabrication of high melting, wear-resistant ceramics and ceramic composites at low temperatures. The method involves reacting (1) a fluid formed from melting a metal alloy, comprising at least one reactive metal and at least one non-reactive metal, and having a melting temperature substantially below the product material melting point, typically below about 1500 C., with (2) a rigid, porous material. The reaction should occur for a sufficient time to allow the liquid to infiltrate the porous material and allow the active metal(s) to react with the porous material so as to form a ceramic or ceramic composite having a melting temperature substantially higher than 1500 C.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在陶瓷工业中有用的方法和装置。 更具体地，本发明涉及在低温下制造高熔点耐磨陶瓷和陶瓷复合材料。 该方法包括使（1）熔融金属合金形成的流体，其包含至少一种活性金属和至少一种非反应性金属，并且熔融温度基本上低于产物材料熔点，通常低于约1500℃。 ，（2）刚性多孔材料。 该反应应该发生足够的时间以允许液体渗透多孔材料并允许活性金属与多孔材料反应，以便形成熔融温度基本上高于1500℃的陶瓷或陶瓷复合材料。

公开(公告)号：US06407022B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-18

申请号：US09296138

申请日：1999-04-21

申请人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Pragati Kumar

发明人： Kenneth H. Sandhage ,  Pragati Kumar

IPC分类号： C04B3800

CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 ,  C04B35/622 ,  Y10T428/249957

摘要： The process of the present invention comprises a method for fabricating shaped monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites through displacive compensation of porosity, and ceramics and composites made thereby. The method of the present invention includes three basic steps: 1) Synthesis or other acquisition of a porous preform: A porous preform with an appropriate composition, pore fraction, and overall shape is prepared or obtained. The pore fraction of the preform is tailored so that the reaction-induced increase in solid volume can compensate partially or completely for such porosity. It will be understood that the porous preform need only be sufficiently dimensionally stable to resist the capillary action of the infiltrated liquid reactant; 2) Infiltration: The porous preform is infiltrated with a liquid reactant; and 3) Reaction: The liquid reactant is allowed to react partially or completely with the solid preform to produce a dense, shaped body containing desired ceramic phase(s). The reaction in step 3) above is a displacement reaction of the following general type between a liquid species, M(l), and a solid preform comprising the compound, NBXC(s): AM(l)+NBXC(s)=AMXC/A(s)+BN(l/g)(2) where MXC/A(s) is a solid reaction product (X is a metalloid element, such as, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.) and N(l/g) is a fluid (liquid or gas) reaction product. A, B and C are molar coefficients.

摘要翻译： 本发明的方法包括通过孔隙度的置换补偿制造成形的整体陶瓷和陶瓷复合材料的方法，以及由此制成的陶瓷和复合材料。 本发明的方法包括三个基本步骤：1）多孔预型体的合成或其它的获取：制备或获得具有适当组成，孔隙率和整体形状的多孔预成型体。 定制预制件的孔隙分数，使得反应引起的固体体积增加可以部分地或完全地补偿这种孔隙率。 应当理解，多孔预成型件仅需要足够的尺寸稳定性以抵抗渗透的液体反应物的毛细管作用; 2）渗透：多孔预型体用液体反应物渗透; 和3）反应：使液体反应物部分或完全与固体预成型体反应，以产生含有所需陶瓷相的致密的成型体。上述步骤3）中的反应是以下通用类型的位移反应 液体物质M（1）和包含该化合物NBXC的固体预制品：其中MXC / A（s）是固体反应产物（X是类金属元素，例如氧，氮 ，硫等）和N（1 / g）是流体（液体或气体）反应产物。 A，B和C是摩尔系数。