公开(公告)号：US20120280181A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-08

申请号：US13511243

申请日：2010-11-26

Applicant: Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Christian Eichhorn ,  Horst Kretschmer

Inventor： Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Christian Eichhorn ,  Horst Kretschmer

IPC: C01B3/02 ,  B01J7/00

CPC classification number: C10L5/44 ,  C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2200/15 ,  C10J2300/0903 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10L5/366 ,  C10L9/086 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/145

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for generating a synthesis gas (SG) from biomass (BM) by entrained-flow gasification. The device comprises a treatment plant (1), in which the biomass (BM) is supplied to a coarse crushing device (2), which is connected downstream via a first lock (3) to a pressurized carbonization plant (4) for the hydrothermal generation of carbonization char (KK) from the biomass (BM). The carbonization plant (4) comprises at least one preheating device (5) and a carbonization reactor (6) arranged downstream of the preheating device (5) and is connected downstream via a second lock (11) to at least one solid-liquid separation device (12, 13) for providing a fuel. A drying device (16) for drying the fuel is provided downstream of the solid-liquid separation device (12, 13), with a crushing device (18) for crushing the fuel to form pulverized fuel (BS) having particle sizes in the range of 55 μm to 500 μm being connected downstream of the drying device. The device further comprises a transfer device (21) for transferring the fuel to an entrained-flow gasification plant (22), whereby a coupling of the treatment plant (1) to the entrained-flow gasification plant (22) is provided. The present invention further relates to a method for generating a synthesis gas (SG) from biomass (BM) by entrained-flow gasification using a device according to the invention.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过夹带气化从生物质（BM）产生合成气（SG）的装置。 该设备包括处理设备（1），其中生物质（BM）被供应到粗粉碎设备（2），其通过第一锁（3）连接到下游，到用于水热的加压碳化设备（4） 从生物量（BM）产生碳化焦炭（KK）。 碳化装置（4）包括布置在预热装置（5）下游的至少一个预热装置（5）和碳化反应器（6），并通过第二锁定件（11）连接到下游，至少一个固液分离 装置（12,13），用于提供燃料。 用于干燥燃料的干燥装置（16）设置在固液分离装置（12,13）的下游，具有用于破碎燃料的破碎装置（18），以形成粒度在该范围内的粉碎燃料（BS） 55μm至500μm的干燥装置连接在干燥装置的下游。 该装置还包括用于将燃料转移到夹带气化装置（22）的转移装置（21），由此提供处理装置（1）与夹带气化装置（22）的联接。 本发明还涉及通过使用根据本发明的装置的夹带气化从生物质（BM）产生合成气（SG）的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20110116987A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-19

申请号：US12988866

申请日：2009-04-21

Applicant: Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

Inventor： Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

IPC: F28D21/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  F23D14/78

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a burner holding device for burners, which is arranged on an entrained flow gasification reactor, wherein the burners (4, 5) are held in the burner holding device (7) and extend through a flange (11), which fixes the burner holding device (7) to the entrained flow gasification reactor (8) and extend through the burner holding device (7) into the entrained flow gasification reactor (8). The cooling device encompasses at least two cooling circuits (1, 2), which are independent from one another, wherein exactly one cooling circuit (1, 2) is at least partially assigned to each burner (4, 5), so that each burner (4, 5) is surrounded by a section of the cooling device on an-end facing the front surface and wherein at least one cooling circuit (1, 2) is at least partially assigned to the front surface for cooling. Below the flange (11) within the burner holding device (7) from top to bottom,a layer (19) consisting of insulating casting compound, which is fire resistant up to at least 800° C. and comprises a heat conductivity in the range of from 0.02-0.8 W/m K,a layer consisting of loose material (17), which is fire resistant up to at least 800° C.,a layer (18) consisting of heat-conducting casting compound, which is fire resistant up to at least 1800° C. and comprises a heat conductivity of 3-15 W/m K furthermore surrounds the burners (4, 5).

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于燃烧器的燃烧器保持装置，其布置在夹带流动气化反应器上，其中燃烧器（4,5）保持在燃烧器保持装置（7）中并延伸穿过凸缘（11），凸缘 将燃烧器保持装置（7）固定到夹带流化气化反应器（8）并延伸穿过燃烧器保持装置（7）进入夹带流化气化反应器（8）。 冷却装置包括彼此独立的至少两个冷却回路（1,2），其中恰好一个冷却回路（1,2）至少部分地分配给每个燃烧器（4,5），使得每个燃烧器 （4,5）在面向所述前表面的一端上由所述冷却装置的一部分包围，并且至少一个冷却回路（1,2）至少部分地分配给所述前表面用于冷却。 在燃烧器保持装置（7）内从顶部到底部的法兰（11）下面的由绝缘浇铸料构成的层（19），其耐火至少800℃，并且包括在该范围内的导热率 为0.02-0.8W / m K，由至少800℃的耐火性的松散材料（17）组成的层，由导热浇注料组成的层（18），其是耐火的 高达至少1800℃，并且包括3-15W / m K的导热性，并且还包围燃烧器（4,5）。

公开(公告)号：US20070093560A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：US11584755

申请日：2006-10-23

Applicant: Anton Althapp ,  Bodo Wolf ,  Dietmar Ruger ,  Olaf Schulze

Inventor： Anton Althapp ,  Bodo Wolf ,  Dietmar Ruger ,  Olaf Schulze

IPC: C07C27/26

CPC classification number: C10G2/32

Abstract: During required change-over to a holding operation in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the reactor is not depressurized after cutting off the supply of fresh synthesis gas to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and the temperature is not reduced to below the temperature below which a Fischer-Tropsch reaction no longer takes place. Instead, the reactor is charged with an inert gas, e.g., kept in a vessel at a pressure higher than the operating pressure of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, until the reacting components have been flushed out from the Fischer-Tropsch system. While maintaining the pressure and the temperature, the reactor is thus merely inerted for a few seconds, sufficient to interrupt the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Catalyst damage is avoided, and the liquid phase situation on the catalyst is at least essentially unchanged, facilitating subsequent re-commissioning of the catalyst.

Abstract translation: 在需要转换为费 - 托合成中的保持操作期间，在切断向费 - 托反应器的新鲜合成气供应之后，反应器不会减压，并且温度不降低到低于该温度 费 - 托反应不再发生。 相反，反应器装有惰性气体，例如保持在容器中的压力高于费 - 托合成的操作压力，直至反应组分从费 - 托系统中冲出。 在保持压力和温度的同时，反应器仅仅被惰化几秒钟，足以中断费 - 托反应。 避免催化剂损伤，并且催化剂上的液相状况至少基本不变，有助于随后重新调试催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US08945286B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-03

申请号：US13823855

申请日：2011-09-15

Applicant: Olaf Schulze ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Ralf Grunwald ,  Michael Grunwald ,  Monika Grunwald

Inventor： Olaf Schulze ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald

IPC: B01D53/00 ,  B01D49/00 ,  C10J3/52 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10K1/04 ,  C10K1/06 ,  C10K1/10 ,  C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/76

CPC classification number: B01D49/00 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10K1/04 ,  C10K1/06 ,  C10K1/101

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for treating a hot gas flow containing slag and to an entrained-bed gasifier system that comprises the device. The device comprises, in a housing, an inlet arranged at the top for the hot gas flow, an immersion pipe, which is arranged vertically and concentrically in the housing and into which the inlet opens, a coolant bath, into which a lower section of the immersion pipe is immersed, and at least one raw gas outlet opening for cooled raw gas that has been freed of slag. The lower section of the immersion pipe is designed as a radially expanded gas distributor bell in the coolant bath. Said gas distributor bell is formed by a substantially conical jacket surface having a cross-section that expands downward, wherein the jacket surface has a plurality of gas passage openings, which are distributed over the circumference of the gas distributor bell. The dimensions of the gas passage openings increase with the immersion depth in the coolant bath.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于处理含有炉渣的热气流的装置和方法以及包括该装置的夹带式气化器系统。 该装置在壳体中包括布置在顶部的用于热气流的入口，浸入管，其垂直并同心地布置在壳体中并且入口打开，冷却剂槽，下部 浸入管浸没，至少有一个原料气体出口开口用于冷却的原料气体，这些原料气体已经没有渣了。 浸入管的下部设计为在冷却剂浴中的径向膨胀的气体分配器钟。 所述气体分配器钟由具有向下膨胀的横截面的大致锥形的护套表面形成，其中护套表面具有多个气体通道开口，分布在气体分布器钟的圆周上。 气体通道开口的尺寸随冷却剂浴中的浸入深度而增加。

公开(公告)号：US20120266966A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-25

申请号：US13500379

申请日：2010-10-08

Applicant: Horst Kretschmer ,  Jörg Kleeberg ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Christian Eichhorn

Inventor： Horst Kretschmer ,  Jörg Kleeberg ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Christian Eichhorn

IPC: F16L41/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/723 ,  B65G53/30 ,  B65G53/4691 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C21B5/003 ,  C21B5/023 ,  C21C5/527 ,  F23K3/02 ,  F27D3/10 ,  F27D2099/0051 ,  Y02P10/216 ,  Y10T137/0318 ,  Y10T137/85938

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metering device and a dense phase conveying system for the dosed supply of a light bulk material from a supply device (B, SG) via conveying tubes (FR1, FR2, FR3) to a consumer. For this purpose, an airlock (S) has a delivery device (AE/S) having a dust flow regulation device (F14), which opens into a metering container (DB), whose delivery device (AE/DB) comprises multiple dust flow regulation devices (FI1, FI2, FI3), which each open into one conveying tube (FR1, FR2, FR3). A pressure regulation device of the metering device is coupled for differential pressure regulations (PDC1-2, PDC3-R) to pressure measuring devices (PIS1, P12) of the airlock (S) and the metering container (DB) and to pressure measuring devices (PIR, P13) of the metering container delivery device (AE/DB) and the consumer, in order to control the metering container pressure (PI2) as a function of the second differential pressure regulation (PDC3-R). For a differential pressure control (PISA4-1) between supply device (B, SG) and airlock (S), the pressure regulation device is coupled to a pressure measuring device (PISA4) of the supply device (SG, B). The pressure regulation device controls the airlock pressure (PIS1) as a function of an airlock fill level (LIS/S) and the differential pressure control (PISA4-1) by actuating at least one suction device (V) connectable to the airlock (S). Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method using the dense phase conveying system having the metering device.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种计量装置和致密相输送系统，用于通过输送管（FR1，FR2，FR3）向消费者供给来自供给装置（B，SG）的轻体材料。 为此目的，气闸（S）具有一个具有通向计量容器（DB）的灰尘流量调节装置（F14）的输送装置（AE / S），其输送装置（AE / DB）包括多个粉尘流 调节装置（FI1，FI2，FI3），其分别开放到一个输送管（FR1，FR2，FR3）中。 计量装置的压力调节装置用于差压规定（PDC1-2，PDC3-R）连接到气锁（S）和计量容器（DB）的压力测量装置（PIS1，P12）和压力测量装置 （PDC3-R）的计量容器压力（PI2）控制计量容器输送装置（AE / DB）和消费者（PIR，P13）。 对于供给装置（B，SG）和气闸（S）之间的差压控制（PISA4-1），压力调节装置连接到供给装置（SG，B）的压力测量装置（PISA4）。 压力调节装置通过致动至少一个可连接到气闸（S）的吸入装置（V）来控制气锁压力（PIS1），作为气锁液位（LIS / S）和差压控制（PISA4-1）的函数 ）。 此外，本发明公开了一种使用具有计量装置的密相输送系统的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20120257934A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-11

申请号：US13500364

申请日：2010-10-08

Applicant: Horst Kretschmer ,  Jörg Kleeberg ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Christian Eichhorn

Inventor： Horst Kretschmer ,  Jörg Kleeberg ,  Dietmar Rüger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Christian Eichhorn

IPC: B65G51/08

CPC classification number: C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C21B5/003 ,  C21B5/023 ,  C21C5/527 ,  F23K3/02 ,  F23K2203/006 ,  F23K2203/103 ,  F23K2203/104 ,  F23K2203/105 ,  F23K2203/201 ,  F27D3/10 ,  F27D2099/0051 ,  Y02P10/216

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metering system for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles from a supply device (B, SG) into a plurality of conveying tubes (FR1, FR2, FR3) to a consumer arranged downstream. The metering system comprises at least two metering containers (DB1, DB2, DB3) each having a delivery device (AE2/1, AE2/2, AE2/3), the delivery device (AE2/1, AE2/2, AE2/3) for each of the conveying tubes (FR1, FR2, FR3) comprising a dust flow regulation device (FI1/1, FI2/1, FI3/2), which is assigned thereto and opens therein, and a mass flow measuring probe (FIC1, FIC2, FIC3) being arranged on each of the conveying tubes (FR1, FR2, FR3), which is coupled to the dust flow regulation device (FI1/1 to FI3/2) which opens into the corresponding conveying tube (FR1, FR2, FR3). Furthermore, the metering system has a pressure regulation device, which is coupled to the pressure measuring devices (PI1/1, PI1/2, PI1/3) arranged on the delivery devices (AE2/1, AE2/2, AE2/3), and which controls a metering container pressure (PIS2/1, PIS2/2, PIS2/3) at least as a function of a metering container fill level (LIS1, LIS2, LIS3). A pump device (V) can be coupled to each of the metering containers (DB1, DB2, DB3), which provides a pressure (PIS2/1, PIS2/2, PIS2/3) in the metering container (DB1, DB2, DB3), which is less than a pressure in the supply device (B, SG). Furthermore, the invention discloses a dense phase conveying system, which comprises the metering system and a method for the steady, continuous, dosed supply of a bulk material in powder form made of light, polydisperse particles.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种计量系统，用于稳定地，连续地供给来自供给装置（B，SG）的多个分散粒子的粉末形式的散装材料供给到多个输送管（FR1，FR2，FR3 ）给安排在下游的消费者。 计量系统包括至少两个计量容器（DB1，DB2，DB3），每个具有输送装置（AE2 / 1，AE2 / 2，AE2 / 3），输送装置（AE2 / 1，AE2 / 2，AE2 / 3 ），包括分配给其并在其中打开的灰尘流量调节装置（FI1 / 1，FI2 / 1，FI3 / 2）的输送管（FR1，FR2，FR3）和质量流量测量探针 ，FIC2，FIC3）布置在每个输送管（FR1，FR2，FR3）上，该输送管连接到通向相应输送管（FR1，FR2，FR2）的粉尘流量调节装置 ，FR3）。 此外，计量系统具有压力调节装置，其连接到布置在输送装置（AE2 / 1，AE2 / 2，AE2 / 3）上的压力测量装置（PI1 / 1，PI1 / 2，PI1 / 3） ，并且其至少作为计量容器填充水平（LIS1，LIS2，LIS3）的函数来控制计量容器压力（PIS2 / 1，PIS2 / 2，PIS2 / 3）。 泵装置（V）可以耦合到计量容器（DB1，DB2，DB3）中的每一个，其在计量容器（DB1，DB2，DB3）中提供压力（PIS2 / 1，PIS2 / 2，PIS2 / 3） ），其小于供给装置（B，SG）中的压力。 此外，本发明公开了一种密相输送系统，其包括计量系统和用于稳定，连续地供给由轻质多分散颗粒制成的粉末形式的散装材料的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20110195365A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-11

申请号：US13056337

申请日：2009-07-15

Applicant: Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

Inventor： Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

IPC: F23L7/00 ,  B01J19/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/726 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/0933 ,  C10J2300/1223

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting up a gasifying reactor comprising a plurality of burners. Each burner is thereby charged with combustible dust from a metering vessel (1) via a dense flow conveyor line (51, 52, 53, 54), which is assigned thereto, and with fuel gas via a gas conveyor line (62, 63), wherein a fuel mixture of combustible dust and combustible gas is provided prior to a moment of ignition of a burner, wherein a first composition of combustible dust and combustible gas, with which a first burner is charged for ignition, is regulated as a function of the fuel quantity, which was supplied to the second burner for ignition, after the ignition of a second burner, which is charged with a second composition of combustible dust and combustible gas for ignition, following the ignition of the first burner, so that the starting up of each of the plurality of burners of the gasifying reactor takes place under a regulated supply of the fuel load. The invention further relates to a gasifying reactor (7) for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种启动包括多个燃烧器的气化反应器的方法。 因此，每个燃烧器通过分配给它的密集流动输送管线（51,52,53,54）和经由气体输送管线（62,63）的燃料气体从计量容器（1）中充入可燃粉尘， 其中在燃烧器点燃时刻之前提供可燃粉尘和可燃气体的燃料混合物，其中第一燃烧器和可燃气体的第一组合物（第一燃烧器用于点燃）被调节为作为 在第一燃烧器点火之后，在第二燃烧器的点火之后供给到第二燃烧器的燃料量，该第二燃烧器充满第二组分的可燃粉尘和可燃气体， 气化反应器的多个燃烧器中的每一个的上升在燃料负荷的调节供应下进行。 本发明还涉及一种用于实施本发明方法的气化反应器（7）。

公开(公告)号：US09670428B2

公开(公告)日：2017-06-06

申请号：US13056337

申请日：2009-07-15

Applicant: Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

Inventor： Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Michael Gätke ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Wolfgang Rabe ,  Günter Scholz

IPC: F23L7/00 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/50 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/726 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/0933 ,  C10J2300/1223

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting up a gasifying reactor comprising a plurality of burners. Each burner is thereby charged with combustible dust from a metering vessel (1) via a dense flow conveyor line (51, 52, 53, 54), which is assigned thereto, and with fuel gas via a gas conveyor line (62, 63), wherein a fuel mixture of combustible dust and combustible gas is provided prior to a moment of ignition of a burner, wherein a first composition of combustible dust and combustible gas, with which a first burner is charged for ignition, is regulated as a function of the fuel quantity, which was supplied to the second burner for ignition, after the ignition of a second burner, which is charged with a second composition of combustible dust and combustible gas for ignition, following the ignition of the first burner, so that the starting up of each of the plurality of burners of the gasifying reactor takes place under a regulated supply of the fuel load. The invention further relates to a gasifying reactor (7) for carrying out the method according to the invention.

公开(公告)号：US08770555B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-08

申请号：US12676682

申请日：2008-08-13

Applicant: Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Michael Gätke ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Günter Scholz ,  Wolfgang Rabe

Inventor： Olaf Schulze ,  Anton Althapp ,  Burkhard Möller ,  Michael Gätke ,  Reinhold Grunwald ,  Günter Scholz ,  Wolfgang Rabe

IPC: B01F3/04

CPC classification number: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/845 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10K1/06 ,  C10K1/101

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the treatment of charged hot gas, in particular hot pressure gasification gases from fly stream gasifiers during the partial oxidation of dust-type and/or liquid ash-containing feed in the fly stream.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于处理带电热气体的方法和装置，特别是在飞流中的灰尘型和/或液态灰分含量的部分氧化过程中来自气流气化器的热压气化气体。

公开(公告)号：US20070163176A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-19

申请号：US11460379

申请日：2006-07-27

Applicant: Dietmar Ruger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Jonas Kappeller ,  Burkhard Moller ,  Bodo Wolf

Inventor： Dietmar Ruger ,  Olaf Schulze ,  Jonas Kappeller ,  Burkhard Moller ,  Bodo Wolf

IPC: C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/487 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/1609

Abstract: A process for the endothermic gasification of solid carbon in an entrained bed facility comprises partial oxidation of fuel(s) and endothermic gasification of solid carbon, preferably preceded by low temperature carbonization such that the carbonization gas is passed to the partial oxidation and the carbonization coke is passed to the endothermic gasification. The hot gas streaming downwardly from the combustion chamber is deflected to produce separation of the liquid slag and is then passed to the endothermic gasification that operates with a rising gas stream and with addition of solid carbon having a grain diameter of up to 20 mm. The speed of the gas at the carbon inlet is higher than, and the speed of the gas at the end of the endothermic gasification is lower than, the suspension rate of the reactive carbon particles, to produce an increase of the relative speed difference between the gas and the carbon particles. Apparatus is also disclosed for carrying out the process.

Abstract translation: 在夹带床设备中固体碳的吸热气化的方法包括燃料的部分氧化和固体碳的吸热气化，优选在低温碳化之前，使得碳化气体进入部分氧化和碳化焦炭 被传递到吸热气化。 从燃烧室向下流动的热气体被偏转以产生液体炉渣的分离，然后被传递到用升高的气流运行的吸热气化，并加入具有高达20mm的粒径的固体碳。 碳入口处的气体速度高于吸热气化结束时的气体速度低于反应性碳颗粒的悬浮速度，以产生相对速度差 气体和碳颗粒。 还公开了用于执行该过程的装置。