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公开(公告)号：US06478852B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09506636
申请日：2000-02-18
IPC分类号： B01D5322
CPC分类号： B01D53/22
摘要： A membrane separation process and apparatus for carrying out the process involves contacting a gas feed mixture with one side of a selectively gas permeable membrane and allowing the components to pass through the membrane to form a permeate composition in contact with the opposite side of the membrane and leave a retentate composition on the feed side of the membrane. The process includes introducing a sweep flow of feed gas into the permeate composition near the membrane at a rate effective to increase the enrichment of the retentate composition in the less preferentially permeable component of the feed mixture to a concentration much greater than is achieved without the sweep flow. This process is especially well suited to improve single stage membrane separation effectiveness so that the need for conventional multistage separations to achieve moderate to high purity retentate compositions can be obviated. The novel process is particularly useful for providing enriched air in the concentration range of 80-90 vol. % nitrogen.
摘要翻译： 用于进行该方法的膜分离方法和装置包括将气体进料混合物与选择性气体可渗透膜的一侧接触并允许组分通过膜以形成与膜的相反侧接触的渗透物组合物， 在膜的进料侧留下滞留组合物。 该方法包括以有效增加进料混合物的较不优先渗透的组分中的渗余物组合物的富集的速率将进料气体的吹扫流引入膜附近的渗透物组合物中，使其浓度远远大于不进行扫描 流。 该方法特别适用于提高单级膜分离效率，从而可以避免需要常规的多级分离以达到中等至高纯度的滞留物组合物。 该新方法特别可用于提供浓度范围为80-90vol。的富集空气。 ％ 氮。
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公开(公告)号：US5960777A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US27035
申请日：1998-02-20
IPC分类号： F02M33/00 , B01D53/22 , B01D63/02 , B01D69/10 , B01D71/04 , C01B13/02 , C01B21/04 , F02B3/06 , F02D21/02 , F02M25/12 , F02B23/00
CPC分类号： F02M25/12 , B01D53/228 , F02B3/06 , Y02T10/121
摘要： A novel method of operating an internal combustion engine employs a selectively gas permeable membrane to provide either oxygen or nitrogen enriched air feed to beneficially affect engine performance. By feeding enriched air from a membrane unit such performance parameters as reduced NOx emissions, lean burn limit, engine power, and reduced cold start emissions can be enhanced relative to feeding ambient air. The selectively gas permeable membrane unit further includes a nonporous membrane (i) having an oxygen/nitrogen selectivity of at least 1.4 and a permeability to oxygen of at least 50 barrers; (ii) formed from an amorphous copolymer of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole; and (iii) being at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the amorphous copolymer.A cylindrical module having many substantially parallel aligned small diameter hollow fiber membrane structures is ideally suited for carrying out the novel method. The apparatus can be configured to furnish only one of permeate fraction, oxygen enriched air or retentate fraction, nitrogen enriched air. Additionally, the apparatus can be configured to switch between oxygen and nitrogen enrichment modes.
摘要翻译： 一种操作内燃机的新方法采用选择性气体渗透膜，以提供富氧或氮气的空气进料，以有效地影响发动机性能。 通过从膜单元输送富集的空气，可以相对于进料环境空气来提高诸如降低的NOx排放，稀燃限制，发动机功率和降低的冷启动排放等性能参数。 选择性气体可渗透膜单元还包括无孔膜（i），其氧/氮选择性至少为1.4，氧气渗透性至少为50巴仑; （ii）由全氟-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯的无定形共聚物形成; 和（iii）处于低于无定形共聚物的玻璃化转变温度的温度。 具有许多基本上平行排列的小直径中空纤维膜结构的圆柱形模块理想地适用于实现新颖的方法。 该装置可以被配置为仅提供渗透物馏分，富氧空气或滞留物馏分中的一种，富氮空气。 另外，该装置可以被配置为在氧气和氮气浓缩模式之间切换。
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公开(公告)号：US5639819A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US084246
申请日：1993-07-09
CPC分类号： C08G69/265
摘要： A mouldable reinforced polyamide composition comprising;(a) a polyamide consisting essentially of between about 0.5 and about 99.5 mol. % of aliphatic diamines having 4-12 carbon atoms and a complementary amount of 2-methyl-pentamethylene diamine copolymerized with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6-12 carbon atoms; and(b) a filler in an amount of 0.5 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said polyamide. The polyamide has an RV greater than about 20. Related polyamides, especially in which the acid is 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, are also disclosed. The polyamides may be used in a wide variety of end-uses, including moulding, and exhibit excellent gloss compared with nylon 6,6.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CA92 / 00011 Sec。 371日期：1993年7月9日 102（e）日期1993年7月9日PCT提交1992年1月8日PCT公布。 第WO92 / 12194号公报 日期1992年7月23日一种可塑增强聚酰胺组合物，其包含： （a）基本上由约0.5至约99.5摩尔组成的聚酰胺。 ％的具有4-12个碳原子的脂肪族二胺和与具有6-12个碳原子的脂族二羧酸共聚的2-甲基 - 戊二胺的互补量; 和（b）相对于100重量份所述聚酰胺为0.5〜200重量份的填料。 聚酰胺的RV大于约20.相关聚酰胺，特别是其中酸是1,12-十二烷二酸，也被公开。 聚酰胺可以用于各种最终用途，包括模塑，并且与尼龙6,6相比表现出优异的光泽度。
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4.发明授权Dioxole coated membrane module for ultrafiltration or microfiltration of aqueous suspensions 失效用于超滤或微量过滤水性悬浮液的二恶唑涂层膜组件公开(公告)号：US06221247B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-24
申请号：US09324897
申请日：1999-06-03
IPC分类号： B01D6300
CPC分类号： B01D67/0088 , B01D61/14 , B01D61/145 , B01D61/147 , B01D61/18 , B01D63/021 , B01D63/061 , B01D69/02 , B01D71/32 , B01D71/44 , C02F1/444
摘要： A filter useful for the ultrafiltration and microfiltration of aqueous suspensions includes a microporous membrane structure that has pores of size effective to reject particles in the range of about 0.01-10 &mgr;m. At least a portion of the membrane structure in contact with the suspension has a surface energy less than that of polytetrafluoroethylene. Low surface energy can be achieved by coating a microporous substrate with a substance such as fluorine substituted dioxole polymer. The filter has superior resistance to fouling by species suspended in the aqueous suspension and can continuously filter flow of such suspension in excess of 100 L/(m2−h) for more than 150 hours. The new filter is useful in many traditionally fouling prone ultrafiltration and microfiltration membrane applications such as the filtering of shipboard generated graywater waste.
摘要翻译： 用于水性悬浮液的超滤和微滤的过滤器包括微孔膜结构，其具有大小有效排除大约0.01-10μm范围内的颗粒的孔。 与悬浮液接触的膜结构的至少一部分具有比聚四氟乙烯低的表面能。 可以通过用诸如氟取代的二氧杂环戊烯聚合物的物质涂布微孔基材来实现低表面能。 过滤器具有优异的耐悬浮在水悬浮液中的物质的结垢性能，并可连续过滤超过100L /（m2-h）的悬浮液超过150小时。 新的过滤器可用于许多传统的易污垢超滤和微滤膜应用，例如过滤船上产生的灰水废物。
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公开(公告)号：US5902747A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-11
申请号：US138082
申请日：1998-08-21
申请人： Stuart Marshall Nemser , Jay Olpin
发明人： Stuart Marshall Nemser , Jay Olpin
IPC分类号： C12N1/00 , A01N1/02 , A61M1/16 , A61M1/36 , B01D19/00 , B01D53/22 , B01D61/00 , B01D61/24 , B01D61/36 , B01D63/02 , B01D69/08 , B01D69/10 , B01D71/26 , B01D71/32 , B01D71/34 , B01D71/36 , B01D71/52 , B01F1/00 , C02F1/20 , C02F3/20 , C12M3/06 , C12N5/00 , B01D11/00
CPC分类号： C12M29/16 , A61M1/1698 , A61M1/3627 , B01D19/0031 , B01D61/00 , C02F3/208 , C12M23/24 , A61M2202/025 , A61M2202/0291 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A method of adding or removing a gas to or from a solution of the gas in a liquid involves transferring the gas between the liquid and another fluid through a membrane unit. The membrane unit includes a membrane which is (i) substantially impermeable to the solvent and having a permeability to oxygen of at least 100 barrers; (ii) formed from an amorphous copolymer of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole; and (iii) is maintained at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the copolymer. The fluid can be another liquid or a gas. The novel method provides very high rates of gas transmission between liquids and permits gasifying liquids without resort to sparging bubbles through the liquid. The method thus can gasify liquid with superior efficiency and without excessive agitation due to bubbling. These features result in economy of gas consumption and reduced need for gas recovery equipment, and when used in connection with a toxic or organic gaseous component, reduced requirements for additional pollution control equipment. The membrane material is resistant to fouling by liquids, and especially, by bioreactor mass. Hence, the novel method can remain in service for long duration without substantially diminished performance. Utilities for the novel method include purifying drinking water through ozonolysis, oxygenating bioreactors and blood; oxidizing volatile organic compounds in water; adding gaseous reactants to liquid chemical reactions and supplying oxygen to and removing volatile pollutants from waste water.
摘要翻译： 在液体中或从气体溶液中加入或除去气体的方法包括通过膜单元将气体在液体和另一种流体之间转移。 膜单元包括膜，其为（i）对溶剂基本上不可渗透并且具有至少100巴的氧气渗透性; （ii）由全氟-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯的无定形共聚物形成; 和（iii）保持在低于共聚物的玻璃化转变温度的温度。 流体可以是另一种液体或气体。 该新方法提供液体之间非常高的气体传输速率，并允许气化液体而不需要通过液体的鼓泡。 因此，该方法可以以优异的效率气化液体，并且由于起泡而没有过度的搅拌。 这些特征导致天然气消耗的经济性和对气体回收设备的需求减少，并且当与有毒或有机气体组分结合使用时，对附加污染控制设备的要求减少。 膜材料耐液体污染，特别是通过生物反应器质量。 因此，新颖的方法可以保持长时间的使用而没有显着降低的性能。 新方法的实用性包括通过臭氧分解，氧合生物反应器和血液净化饮用水; 在水中氧化挥发性有机化合物; 向液体化学反应中加入气态反应物，并从废水中提供氧气并除去挥发性污染物。
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公开(公告)号：US06126721A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US192669
申请日：1998-11-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/22 , A61M16/0672 , A61M16/10 , A61M16/101 , B01D63/02 , B01D63/022 , B01D63/06 , B01D63/08 , B01D63/14 , B01D2313/16 , B01D2313/18
摘要： A portable breathing air supply apparatus uses a membrane separation module to obtain oxygen enriched air from ambient air which is blown into the module by an electrically powered fan. Oxygen enriched air is withdrawn from the permeate side of the membrane by a vacuum pump and is stored in a reservoir while the user exhales. In a preferred mode, a conserver valve in a tube leading from the reservoir to the user's mouth or nose is triggered to feed the enriched air for a preselected duration after a sensor in the tube detects onset of inhalation. Power for the electrical components can be supplied by batteries. The portable apparatus is sufficiently compact and light to be transported by persons weakened by certain chronic breathing disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema, and thus frees the user to roam for long periods away from a primary source of oxygen.
摘要翻译： 便携式呼吸空气供应装置使用膜分离模块从环境空气获得富氧空气，该空气通过电动风扇吹入模块。 富氧空气通过真空泵从膜的渗透侧排出，并在使用者呼气时储存在储存器中。 在优选的模式中，在管中的传感器检测到吸入开始之后，触发从储存器导向使用者的嘴或鼻的管中的保持阀供给预选的持续时间的富集空气。 电气元件的电源可以由电池供电。 便携式设备足够紧凑和轻便，由某些慢性呼吸障碍（例如慢性阻塞性肺病和肺气肿）减弱的人运输，从而使用户远离主要氧源远离漫游。
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公开(公告)号：US5914154A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-22
申请号：US862944
申请日：1997-05-30
IPC分类号： B01D69/10 , A61L9/16 , B01D39/16 , B01D39/20 , B01D46/54 , B01D53/22 , B01D63/02 , B01D67/00 , B01D69/08 , B01D69/12 , B01D71/06 , B01D71/44 , B05D7/22 , B05D5/00
CPC分类号： B01D67/0088 , A61L9/16 , B01D39/1623 , B01D63/021 , B01D67/0002 , B01D69/12 , B01D71/44 , B01D71/76 , B05D7/222 , B01D2239/0471 , B01D71/32
摘要： A process for placing an ultra thin layer of a non-porous gas permeable polymer continuously over an entire filter surface area allows the fabrication of compact, high flux, fouling resistant gas filters. The process involves contacting a dilute coating solution of gas permeable polymer in a solvent with one side of a microporous substrate. The pore size of the substrate is chosen for its ability to effectively filter the gas permeable polymer from the coating solution. Solvent of the coating solution is made to flow through the microporous substrate which causes an ultra thin layer of polymer to build up on the side of substrate. When a desired thickness of polymer is built up, the solution and solvent is removed and residual solvent is evaporated, preferably by passing a gas at high rate over the surface of the polymer layer.This process can be used to coat flat sheet and hollow fiber substrates. The process is particularly useful for coating multiple hollow fibers assembled in modules which by virtue of the high surface area density of small diameter fibers and the efficient packing of many fibers in the modules, provide very high filter surface area in a small volume. The coated fiber modules thus can be used as high flow rate gas filters in applications such as filtering nuisance particules from recovered gas streams, collecting hazardous or valuable droplets suspended in a gas process stream for protection or salvage. Specific applications include filtering air for microelectronic circuit assembly facilities and filtering microbes from the atmosphere in biomedical "clean rooms".A preferred gas permeable polymer for use with this invention is an amorphous copolymer of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole. The superior hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of this material in the form of a non-porous, continuous layer provides a barrier for solid particles and liquid droplets from blocking flow through a gas filter. Furthermore, a gas filter made according to this invention can be easily cleaned and restored to near-original gas flux performance.
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公开(公告)号：US5876604A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-02
申请号：US735922
申请日：1996-10-24
申请人： Stuart Marshall Nemser , Jay Olpin
发明人： Stuart Marshall Nemser , Jay Olpin
IPC分类号： C12N1/00 , A01N1/02 , A61M1/16 , A61M1/36 , B01D19/00 , B01D53/22 , B01D61/00 , B01D61/24 , B01D61/36 , B01D63/02 , B01D69/08 , B01D69/10 , B01D71/26 , B01D71/32 , B01D71/34 , B01D71/36 , B01D71/52 , B01F1/00 , C02F1/20 , C02F3/20 , C12M3/06 , B01D11/00
CPC分类号： C12M29/16 , A61M1/1698 , A61M1/3627 , B01D19/0031 , B01D61/00 , C02F3/208 , C12M23/24 , A61M2202/025 , A61M2202/0291 , Y02W10/15
摘要： A method of adding or removing a gas to or from a solution of the gas in a liquid involves transferring the gas between the liquid and another fluid through a membrane unit. The membrane unit includes a membrane which is (i) substantially impermeable to the solvent and having a permeability to oxygen of at least 100 barrers; (ii) formed from an amorphous copolymer of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole; and (iii) is maintained at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the copolymer. The fluid can be another liquid or a gas. The novel method provides very high rates of gas transmission between liquids and permits gasifying liquids without resort to sparging bubbles through the liquid. The method thus can gasify liquid with superior efficiency and without excessive agitation due to bubbling. These features result in economy of gas consumption and reduced need for gas recovery equipment, and when used in connection with a toxic or organic gaseous component, reduced requirements for additional pollution control equipment. The membrane material is resistant to fouling by liquids, and especially, by bioreactor mass. Hence, the novel method can remain in service for long duration without substantially diminished performance. Utilities for the novel method include purifying drinking water through ozonolysis, oxygenating bioreactors and blood; oxidizing volatile organic compounds in water; adding gaseous reactants to liquid chemical reactions and supplying oxygen to and removing volatile pollutants from waste water.
摘要翻译： 在液体中或从气体溶液中加入或除去气体的方法包括通过膜单元将气体在液体和另一种流体之间转移。 膜单元包括膜，其为（i）对溶剂基本上不可渗透并且具有至少100巴的氧气渗透性; （ii）由全氟-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯的无定形共聚物形成; 和（iii）保持在低于共聚物的玻璃化转变温度的温度。 流体可以是另一种液体或气体。 该新方法提供液体之间非常高的气体传输速率，并允许气化液体而不需要通过液体的鼓泡。 因此，该方法可以以优异的效率气化液体，并且由于起泡而没有过度的搅拌。 这些特征导致天然气消耗的经济性和对气体回收设备的需求减少，并且当与有毒或有机气体组分结合使用时，对附加污染控制设备的要求减少。 膜材料耐液体污染，特别是通过生物反应器质量。 因此，新颖的方法可以保持长时间的使用而没有显着降低的性能。 新方法的实用性包括通过臭氧分解，氧合生物反应器和血液净化饮用水; 在水中氧化挥发性有机化合物; 向液体化学反应中加入气态反应物，并从废水中提供氧气并除去挥发性污染物。
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