摘要:
A capability for cross-layer aware communication of a multipath data flow via a communication network is presented. The multipath data flow is transported using a set of multiple transmission flows based on a multipath transport protocol. The communication network supports a set of multiple communication paths. A controller is configured to determine a set of mappings between the multiple transmission flows of the multipath data flow and the multiple communication paths based on cross-layer state information, compute a set of path mapping rules for a network element based on the mappings between the multiple transmission flows of the multipath data flow and the multiple communication paths, and provide the path mapping rules to the network element. The network element is configured to apply the path mapping rules for mapping packets of the multipath data flow between the multiple transmission flows of the multipath data flow and the multiple communication paths.
摘要:
An image sensor according to an example embodiment concepts includes a pixel array including pixels, and each of the pixels includes photoelectric conversion elements. The photoelectric conversion elements independently operating to detect a phase difference. The image sensor further includes a control circuit configured to independently control exposure times of each of the photoelectric conversion elements included in each of the pixels.
摘要:
A solar cell including a first conductive type semiconductor substrate; a first intrinsic semiconductor layer on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first conductive type first semiconductor layer on at least one surface of the first intrinsic semiconductor layer; a second conductive type second semiconductor layer on a back surface of the semiconductor substrate; a second intrinsic semiconductor layer between the second semiconductor layer and the semiconductor substrate; a first conductive type third semiconductor layer on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate, the third semiconductor layer being spaced apart from the second semiconductor layer; and a third intrinsic semiconductor layer between the third semiconductor layer and the semiconductor substrate.
摘要:
A method for cleaning a water purifier comprising: a filtering unit; a water tank unit for storing purified water having passed through the filtering unit; and a discharging unit for discharging out the purified water stored in the water tank unit, the method comprises: a cleaning water supplying step of supplying cleaning water in which a cleaning agent is dissolved to the water tank unit; a cleaning water discharging step of discharging the cleaning water when a predetermined time has lapsed; a rinsing water supplying step of supplying rinsing water to the water tank unit when the cleaning water discharging step has been completed; and a rinsing water discharging step of discharging the rinsing water when a predetermined time has lapsed. In the method, cleaning and rinsing processes for a water purifier are automatically executed by a series of consecutive processes. Accordingly, a user can directly clean the water purifier if necessary without requiring a Codi's visit.
摘要:
A method for forming doped regions in a solar cell includes preparing a first and second surface of a substrate, forming a first doped region doped with a first dopant in a part of the first surface, forming a silicon oxide layer on the first surface, the silicon oxide layer including a first silicon oxide layer on the first doped region and having a first thickness, and a second silicon oxide layer on a portion of the first surface not doped by the first dopant and having a second thickness that is less than the first thickness, implanting a second dopant from outside the first surface into the first silicon oxide layer and the second silicon oxide layer, and forming a second doped region adjacent the first doped region by performing heat treatment on the first silicon oxide layer, the second silicon oxide layer, and the substrate.
摘要:
Example embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for reducing electrostatic deposition of charged particles on wetted surfaces that are exposed, periodically or substantially continuously, to high velocity fluid flow within a coolant flow path in a nuclear reactor. The method may include depositing a first or base dielectric layer and a second or outer dielectric layer on a conductive surface that forms a portion of a high velocity flow path to attain the apparatus. The first dielectric layer material is selected to provide improved adhesion and insulation to the conductive surface and the second dielectric layer material is selected to provide suitable adhesion to the first dielectric layer and improved corrosion and/or mechanical resistance in the anticipated operating environment.
摘要:
A new approach for a transport protocol for sensor data collection, such as a smart grid is described. In one embodiment of the invention, each server avoids keeping security and communication state per client through the notion of a secure “state-token”. The state token is issued with each server message and is subsequently attached to corresponding client messages delivered to the server. An implementation is provided in which the server encrypts and authenticates the associated session state, and then gives the resulting encryption for the client to temporarily store and return to the server with a next message. In this way, a server does not keep session state after sending the encryption back to a client and can quickly restore session state when the next message from the client arrives.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a receiving device and method for removing a mismatch in a wireless communication system, and to a low noise amplifier (LNA) therefor. According to the present invention, the receiving method for removing the mismatch comprises the steps of: distinguishing the type of input signal received through a wireless network; controlling such that a common bias is applied to transistors within a low noise amplifier, if said input signal is a wideband signal; and outputting a signal from which said mismatch has been removed, by using a current mirror mode in which current paths within said low noise amplifier are crossed.
摘要:
A solar cell including a crystalline semiconductor substrate having a first conductive type; a first doping layer on a front surface of the substrate and being doped with a first conductive type impurity; a front surface antireflection film on the front surface of the substrate; a back surface antireflection film on a back surface of the substrate; an intrinsic semiconductor layer, an emitter, and a first auxiliary electrode stacked on the back surface antireflection film and the substrate; a second doping layer on the back surface of the substrate and being doped with the first impurity; an insulating film on the substrate and including an opening overlying the second doping layer; a second auxiliary electrode in the opening and overlying the second doping layer; a first electrode on the first auxiliary electrode; and a second electrode on the second auxiliary electrode and being separated from the first electrode.
摘要:
An ice making assembly for a refrigerator and a method for controlling the ice making assembly are provided. The ice making assembly and the method of controlling the ice making assembly provides a constant amount of water supply for each ice making cycle regardless of environmental conditions such as the varying water supply pressure of different installation locations. Furthermore, overflowing can be prevented during water supply with the use of a capacitance water level sensor.