摘要:
Aqueous or partly aqueous systems are treated against the corrosion of metals, especially ferrous metals, in contact therewith, and/or against scale deposition therefrom, by adding to these systems from 0.1 to 50 000 ppm of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid having the formula I ##STR1## or a water-soluble salt thereof.
摘要:
New piperidine derivatives and in particular 2-(piperidinyl-4')-ethyl-amines, -ethers and -esters are used as stabilisers for polymers, especially for polyolefines.
摘要:
New cotelomer compounds having the formula I ##STR1## and salts thereof wherein A is a random polymeric residue comprising at least one unit of formula II ##STR2## and at least one unit of formula III, different from a unit of formula II, ##STR3## and B is hydrogen or a residue A; wherein m and n are integers such that the sum of m+n is an integer of from 3 to 100, the ratio of n:m being from 99 to 1:1 to 99, provided that the resulting telomers are water-soluble and wherein m and/or n in a residue A may be the same as or different from m and/or n in a residue B; R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;R.sub.1 is a residue -OX, wherein X is hydrogen, an alkali- or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or an amine residue;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl or a residue --CO.sub.2 R.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a straight- or branched chain alkyl residue having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, a straight- or branched chain alkyl residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl or a residue --CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen, a residue of formula ##STR4## a residue of formula --[CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.9)O].sub.z H, in which R.sub.9 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl and z is an integer from 1 to 20, or R.sub.6 is a straight- or branched chain alkyl residue having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or by a group SO.sub.3 M in which M is hydrogen or an alkali- or alkaline earth metal atom;R.sub.4 is a residue --CO.sub.2 R.sub.6 (wherein R.sub.6 has its previous significance), a straight- or branched alkyl residue having 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one to three carboxylic acid groups, a phenyl residue, an acetyl residue, hydroxymethyl, an acetomethyl residue, --SO.sub.3 M, --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M or --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, in which M is hydrogen or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal atom, a residue --CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, a straight- or branched chain alkyl residue having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl or a residue --CH(OH)CO.sub.2 M, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, wherein M has its previous significance, or --N(R.sub.10)COCH.sub.3, in which R.sub.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight or branched chain alkyl group.Compounds I are useful as corrosion and/or scale inhibitors in aqueous systems, as agents for facilitating dispersion of particulate matter in aqueous systems and as sealing smut inhibitors in processes for sealing anodically produced oxide layers on aluminium surfaces.
摘要:
A compound or mixture of compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## in which m and n may be 0 or 1 but both cannot be 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently H or CH.sub.3, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and the water-soluble inorganic or organic salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 must be CH.sub.3, and when m and n are both 0, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each methyl and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have their previous significance, when added to an aqueous system imparts one or more of the following beneficial effects to be treated system: (a) the corrosion of ferrous metals in contact with the system is inhibited; (b) the precipitation of scale-forming salts of calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium from the treated aqueous system is inhibited; and (c) inorganic materials present in the treated aqueous system are dispersed.
摘要:
Epoxy resins stabilized by at least one sterically hindered cyclic amine of the formula I ##STR1## AND SALTS THEREOF IN WHICH Q IS 1 OR 2, X represents an organic grouping which complements the nitrogen-containing ring to give a 5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered ring, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent methyl or together represent --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, R.sub.3 represents methyl, R.sub.4 represents alkyl with 1-5 carbon atoms or together with R.sub.3 represents the radicals --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --N(O.sup..)--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and, if q is 1, Y denotes hydrogen, --O.sup.., hydroxyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl or acyl or, if q is 2, Y denotes alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, cycloalkylene or aralkylene.
摘要:
Process for conditioning metal surfaces to inhibit their corrosion and/or to inhibit scale deposition thereon by treating said surfaces:A. prior to contact with a corrosive or scaling environment, with(i) compound having the formula I: ##STR1## or a water-soluble salt (or partial ester or -salt) thereof, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 straight- or branched chain alkyl group (optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy- and/or carboxyl groups and/or optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms), a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 straight- or branched chain alkenyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 aralkyl group or --CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are each bonded, may form an optionally-substituted heterocyclic ring; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 straight- or branched chain alkyl group or an optionally substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and(ii) optionally a metal ion component (b) as hereinafter defined; and/orB. during contact with an aqueous system capable of corroding a metal surface or of depositing scale thereon, with (a) a compound of formula I or a water-soluble salt (or partial salt) thereof; and optionally (b) a metal ion which enhances, synergistically, the metal conditioning effected, individually, by the compound of formula I and the metal ion.
摘要:
A method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit the corrosion of metals in contact therewith and/or inhibit the deposition of scale therefrom comprising adding to the aqueous system a minor proportion of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1 and when n is O, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl, allyl, --CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 -- or --CHCOOH.CH.sub.2 COOH group or a group of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a methyl, --CH.sub.2 COOH or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOH group and Z is a group --COOH or --PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, with the proviso that when Z is a PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 group then R.sub.5 is hydrogen or methyl, and when n is 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen, or a methyl or phenyl residue and R.sub.3 is hydrogen and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOH group, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together may form a methylene group .dbd.CH.sub.2.
摘要:
New piperidine derivatives and in particular esters and amides of substituted (piperidinylidene-4) acetic acid are used as stabilizers for polymers, especially for polyolefines.
摘要:
There is disclosed a method and apparatus for recovering data from a received signal, the received signal including a first signal comprising data bits and a second signal having transitions at data bit boundaries of the first signal where there is an absence of transitions, the method comprising: receiving the first signal; receiving the second signal; sampling the first signal to detect an edge transition of the first signal; sampling the second signal to detect an edge transition of the second signal; wherein on an active edge of either said first or said signal, the current value of the first signal is recovered as a received data bit.