Abstract:
The invention provides a polishing composition comprising (a) particles of an abrasive comprising a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide adhered to at least a portion of a surface of the first metal oxide, (b) a water-soluble or water-emulsifiable polymer, wherein the water-soluble or water-emulsifiable polymer coats at least a portion of the second metal oxide such that the zeta potential of the abrasive is changed, and (c) water. The invention further provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate through use of such a polishing composition.
Abstract:
A method, an apparatus, and a module for producing dual beam from a single laser diode provide for means of simultaneously pumping two individual gain media with orthogonal polarizations. A beam splitter splits the emissive laser beam into two portions based on the polarization. A polarization control element or mechanism adjusts the polarization and the intensity ratio of the separated beam portions. Applications to monolithic microchip lasers include generating new wavelengths based on intracavity beam combining and mixing.
Abstract:
A method, an apparatus, and a module for producing dual beam from a single laser diode provide for means of simultaneously pumping two individual gain media with orthogonal polarizations. A beam splitter splits the emissive laser beam into two portions based on the polarization. A polarization control element or mechanism adjusts the polarization and the intensity ratio of the separated beam portions. Applications to monolithic microchip lasers include generating new wavelengths based on intracavity beam combining and mixing.
Abstract:
A beam splitting device for laser field is useful to spatially separate a laser beam created in the process of frequency doubling or three-wave mixing, into sub-beams according to wavelength and polarization state. The device has an optical retarder for wavelength-selective polarization rotation of the laser light, followed by a Wollaston prism and optionally a dual wedge prism to create parallel spatially separated sub-beams. Alternatively, two Wollaston prisms can be arranged to create two parallel spatially separated beams after the polarization rotation.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the identification of proteins located on the cell surface of dendritic cells or precursors thereof, particularly antigen presenting dendritic cells. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds such as antibodies that bind these proteins. These compounds can be used to detect and/or enrich a subset of dendritic cells or precursors thereof. These compounds can also be used to target antigens to dendritic cells or precursors thereof to modulate a humoral and/or T cell mediated immune response to an antigen, or used to target cytotoxic agents to dendritic cells or precursors thereof involved in diseased states.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the identification of proteins located on the cell surface of dendritic cells or precursors thereof, particularly antigen presenting dendritic cells. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds such as antibodies that bind these proteins. These compounds can be used to detect and/or enrich a subset of dendritic cells or precursors thereof. These compounds can also be used to target antigens to dendritic cells or precursors thereof to modulate a humoral and/or T cell mediated immune response to an antigen, or used to target cytotoxic agents to dendritic cells or precursors thereof involved in diseased states.
Abstract:
An optical isolator includes a birefringent material and a Faraday rotator. The birefringent material receives a forward light propagating in a forward direction and a backward light propagating opposite to the forward direction. The birefringent material has an optical axis, wherein the forward light has a first polarization aligned perpendicular to the optical axis and is configured to pass the first birefringent material substantially along the forward direction. At least a portion of the backward light has a second polarization not perpendicular to the optical axis. The first birefringent material can displace the backward light to form a first displaced backward light. A Faraday rotator can rotate the forward light, and the backward light or the first displaced backward light by a same predetermined angle along the rotation direction.
Abstract:
The invention relates to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and demultiplexing of optical signals using optical filters in free space. To minimize dispersion, the present invention uses relatively small angles of incidence. To avoid the need for a large package, the present invention utilizes reflective prisms to steer the reflected beams to provide a lateral shift in the beam path that ensures that the necessary space is provided between the input/output ports. Devices including a single adjustable filter are disclosed, along with devices having a plurality of filters.
Abstract:
The invention provides a simple temperature insensitive optical retarder (waveplate) having a first and a second wedge shaped birefringent crystals, and a crystal mount comprising a first material having a low thermal expansion coefficient and a second material having a high thermal expansion coefficient, wherein the first and the second wedge shaped birefringent crystals are attached onto the first and second materials, respectively, so that the total retardance by the first and second birefringent crystals at a first temperature is substantially the same as that at a second different temperature at a given wavelength. Advantageously, the temperature insensitive optical retarder is simple, easy to construct, can be used for any birefringent crystal and does not require the use of different birefringent crystals.
Abstract:
The present invention is a method of wafer processing which improves the reliability of an integrated titanium (Ti)/titanium nitride (TiN) CVD film formed from a reaction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCi4) and ammonia (NH3). A Ti film is subject to a treatment of NH3 gas to render the Ti film unreactive towards attack by chlorine and hydrogen chloride. A thin seed layer of TiN film is deposited upon the treated Ti film using a thermal TiCl4/NH3 reaction. Subsequent TiN film deposition upon the seed layer results in a successful integration of a Ti/TiN film stack for a Ti film thickness up to about 300 Å.