摘要:
A trigger circuit for an electromagnetic device, in particular a solenoid valve of an injection system for an internal-combustion engine, has a control element for causing excitation of the electromagnetic device to be lowered at least once and then raised after the electromagnetic device is activated. The control element has a delay circuit which slows down the rate at which excitation of the electromagnetic device changes during the lowering and/or raising action.
摘要:
An injection valve is described, in particular for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with a valve body having a valve opening surrounded by a valve seat to form a spray opening, and with a valve needle which is pressed into its closed position, has a closing head and extends through the valve opening so that the closing head which works together with the valve seat is in contact with the valve seat on the spray side when the valve is closed. To ensure accurate fuel metering that is constant over a long period of time with such an injection valve, a plurality of fuel channels distributed around the periphery are arranged in the flow path upstream from the spray opening so that streams or strands of fuel coming out of the fuel channels are essentially maintained until downstream from the spray opening, and the individual cross sections of the fuel channels (29, 29', 29") together define a cross section of the flow path through the valve which determines the flow rate.
摘要:
The hydraulic setting device (10) has a differential cylinder (11) whose pressure spaces (14, 18) can each be acted upon by a pump (17). The pressure conduits (15) and (19) between the pump and the two pressure spaces (14) and (18) are connected to a control valve (31) by means of control conduits (29) and (33). A part pressure can be set in the pressure spaces (14) and (18) by spilling pressure medium by corresponding activation of the control valve.
摘要:
An electro-magnetic on-off valve for controlling the opening area of a fluid line, in particular for fuel injection pumps, having a valve element constructed on a valve needle, said valve element cooperating with a valve seat. The valve needle is connected to a magnetic armature of an electromagnet, the magnetic armature moving in a fluid for the purpose of achieving high switching speeds, and being sealed with respect to the liquid-conducting region of the valve. For any purpose of extensive damping of the rebound oscillations which occur when the valve closes and lead to the re-opening of the valve, the connection between the magnetic armature and valve needle is produced by a coupling and which is designed in such a way that after the rebound of the valve element against the valve seat occurring when the valve closes, the magnetic armature and the valve needle oscillate in phase opposition with respect to one another.
摘要:
A magnetic valve for controlling a flow opening of a connection line for guiding fluid, particularly fuel,valve has a valve housing having a guide bore hole, a valve member displaceably supported in the guide bore hole and bringable into contact with a valve seat encircling the flow opening under the action of a closing force and also liftable from the valve seat under the action of an opening force, a coupling member transferring the closing force to the valve member. The coupling member is guided in the guide bore hole and has a damping collar with an end face which faces in direction of the valve seat and is bringable into contact with a contact surface provided in the valve housing and extending substantially parallel to the end face of the damping collar.
摘要:
A method for producing an organic electronic component comprises, in particular, the following steps: A) producing at least one functional layer stack (10) with the following substeps: A1) providing a flexible first substrate (1), A2) applying at least one organic layer (2) in large-area fashion on the first substrate (1) by means of a coil coating plant (90), and A3) singulating the first substrate (1) with the at least one organic layer (2) into a plurality of functional layer stacks (10); B) providing a second substrate (5), which has a lower flexibility and a higher impermeability with respect to moisture and oxygen than the first substrate (1); and C) applying the at least one of the plurality of the functional layer stacks (10) with a surface (11) of the first substrate (1) remote from the organic layer (2) on the second substrate (5).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and device for the continuous polycondensation of polyester material in the solid phase, in particular in the form of partially crystalline granulate. The aim of the invention is to achieve a high product throughput on recrystallising and recondensation of polyester material with a low initial IV. Said aim is achieved, whereby on recrystallisation, a low residence time of 1-10 minutes is achieved, by means of a rapid heating of a thin product layer, followed by an SSP treatment.
摘要:
A real-time system for modeling a turbo-charged engine includes a model configured to estimate various exhaust states such as turbine inlet pressure, turbine outlet pressure, turbine outlet temperature, turbine mass flow rate and waste-gate valve mass flow rate. The model is dependent only on the availability of normal operating values available in a conventionally-configured automotive controller and one or more measured intake side parameters such as ambient pressure, boost pressure, ambient temperature and compressor mass flow rate. The model is constructed to reflect a high-level application of energy conservation between the turbine (generated power) and compressor (absorbed power). A method for the indirect measurement of turbine and waste-gate flow uses turbine inlet and outlet pressure, inlet temperature and engine mass air flow rate measurements. A method for the indirect measurement of turbine efficiency avoids the need for manufacturer's turbine data.
摘要:
The invention relates to the use of surfaces having hydrophilic and/or oleophilic areas, each of which being completely surrounded by the ultraphobic areas, for analyzing samples. The invention also relates to a method for precisely dosing liquids without contaminating them.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a composition containing thermoplastic materials and crosslinked microgels that have not been crosslinked by high-energy radiation, to a process for its preparation, to its use in the production of thermoplastically processable molded articles, and to molded articles produced from the composition.