摘要:
In a method for operating an internal combustion engine (10) equipped with a piston pump as a high-pressure pump (18), which is driven by a drive shaft (28) of the engine (10), in which the high-pressure pump (18) delivers fuel from a low-pressure region (16) to a high-pressure side (38) and a quantity control valve (44) sets the quantity of fuel delivered by the high-pressure pump (18), the acoustic emission of the high-pressure pump is reduced by virtue of the fact that the high-pressure pump (18) functions in a two-point operation, alternating between full delivery for individual or successive piston strokes and idle delivery for individual or successive piston strokes and, when the pressure falls below a lower pressure threshold, the full delivery is activated until an upper pressure threshold is reached.
摘要:
The method for controlling operation of a vehicle having at least two possible operating modes includes calculating and/or determining the operating variables and/or control variables of at least one active one of at least two possible operating modes in a first continually repeated predetermined time interval and calculating and/or determining the operating variables and/or control variables of at least one inactive one of the at least two possible operating modes in at least one other continually repeated predetermined time interval. The first predetermined time interval is shorter than any of the one or more other predetermined time interval(s). A device for performing the method is also described.
摘要:
The invention relates to a packaging machine for closing a container having a lid, which includes a supply unit for delivering the container along with a loosely seated lid. A rotating crimping head is provided with a plurality of recesses for one container each, a plurality of tensioning units each hold a container into a recess, and a crimping unit crimps the lids onto the container in order to close the container. A plurality of sensor units are provided such that one sensor unit is arranged on each tensioning unit. Each sensor unit records a container rotation and/or a container tensioning force in the crimping head. Each sensor unit has a transmitter to send signals and a control unit which has a receiver to receive signals sent from the transmitter.
摘要:
The invention relates to a test holder for fixing the position of a microchip in a microchip contactor, having a base frame and a pressing unit, which is connected to the base frame such that it can be pivoted open or shut and which comprises a pressure body designed to interact with the microchip. In order to press the microchip all over with a uniform pressure onto the contactor, even if the microchip is inclined with respect to the pressing means when it is contacted with the contactor, the invention provides that the pressure body may be tilted about a first and a second tilting axis.
摘要:
A fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes at least one first fuel pump and a pressure region into which the fuel pump pumps and which communicates with an elastic volume reservoir. The elastic volume reservoir has a characteristic pressure/volume curve, which is defined by at least two points. It is proposed that a first point is defined by a first volume at a first pressure that is somewhat greater than a vapor pressure of the fuel at ambient temperature, and that a second point is defined by a second volume and a second pressure in the pressure region that corresponds to a maximum pressure; the difference between the first and second volumes corresponds at least approximately and at least to a value by which the volume of the fuel in the pressure region decreases upon cooling down from a maximum temperature to ambient temperature.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine (1), especially of a motor vehicle, is described. The engine (1) is provided with a combustion chamber (4) into which fuel can be injected in a first operating mode during a compression phase and in a second operating mode during an induction phase. The engine (1) is provided with a control apparatus (18) for switching over between the operating modes. The engine (1) includes an exhaust-gas recirculation having an exhaust-gas recirculation valve (14). The engine (1) is switched by the control apparatus (18) into the first operating mode when the exhaust-gas recirculation valve (14) is jammed in the open state.
摘要:
A method for adjusting the torque in an internal combustion engine is introduced having the steps: determining a desired torque; determining an operating point from measured values for air charge and rpm; determining a standard torque for this operating point; determining a desired efficiency from standard torque and desired torque; determining the lambda corresponding to this efficiency; determining the fuel quantity from the corresponding lambda and the air charge derived from measurement quantities. The fuel quantity in combination with the air charge yields the corresponding lambda for realizing the desired torque.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine in for a motor vehicle in (1) is described. The internal combustion engine (1) has an injection valve with which fuel can be injected directly into a combustion chamber either during a compression phase in a first operating mode or during an intake phase in a second operating mode. In addition, a control unit is provided for shifting between the two operating modes and for differential control and/or regulation of the performance quantities that influence the actual moment of the internal combustion engine in both operating modes as a function of a setpoint moment. A change in the actual moment during a shifting operation is determined by the control unit and at least one of the performance quantities is influenced by the control unit as a function thereof.
摘要:
A method is provided for the production of gas turbine rotors with integrated blading. In a first step, rotating blades are produced. Subsequently, at least one of the produced rotating blade blanks is connected to the rotor bearing, then the or each of the rotating blade blanks connected to the rotor bearing are processed to form a nominal shape of the or each rotating blade. Consequently, the end contours of the gar turbine rotor with integrated balding are finely processed.
摘要:
The invention relates to a packaging machine for closing a container having a lid, which includes a supply unit for delivering the container along with a loosely seated lid. A rotating crimping head is provided with a plurality of recesses for one container each, a plurality of tensioning units each hold a container into a recess, and a crimping unit crimps the lids onto the container in order to close the container. A plurality of sensor units are provided such that one sensor unit is arranged on each tensioning unit. Each sensor unit records a container rotation and/or a container tensioning force in the crimping head. Each sensor unit has a transmitter to send signals and a control unit which has a receiver to receive signals sent from the transmitter.