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1.发明授权Methods for forming articles having very small channels therethrough, and such articles, and methods of using such articles 失效用于形成具有非常小通道的制品的方法，以及这些制品，以及使用这种制品的方法公开(公告)号：US06939505B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10096091
申请日：2002-03-12
CPC分类号： F28F7/02 , B29C43/10 , B29C2043/3652 , C04B38/0006 , H01L21/4871 , H01L23/467 , H01L2924/0002 , Y10T428/12153 , C04B35/00 , C04B38/065 , C04B38/067 , C04B38/068 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Channeled articles having very small diameter channels spaced very closely can be made by packing elongated cores in a fixture, clamping them, and then introducing matrix material around the cores. The matrix material is formed into a unitary body and solidified. The cores are pulled out, leaving open channels where they had been. Some core and matrix combinations will permit the cores to be pulled out. Others require a core release coating to be applied to the cores. The cores can be metal or ceramic or polymer, and the matrix can be metal or ceramic or polymer. The cores can be solid, or hollow. Rather than pulling the cores out, if they are polymer, they can be burned out. The matrix can be formed by liquid state, solid state, or hybrid liquid/solid state techniques. A related technique uses hollow cores, which are not pulled out, but which remain in the body after unification. For such tube-walled articles, the matrix can be formed similarly. Rather than insuring core release, core retention is required. Such may occur due to the nature of the materials, or a specific core retention coating may be provided. Articles made of such material include heat sinks for semiconductor devices, light-weight structural components, thermally activated actuators, etc. Very small channel diameters and very large length to opening aspect ratios can be achieved. Heat exchange fluid can be compressed and pumped through such an article at very high efficiencies, to cool semiconductor devices.
摘要翻译： 具有非常小的直径通道间隔非常紧密的通道制品可以通过将细长的芯包装在固定装置中，夹紧它们，然后将基质材料引入到芯上。 基体材料形成为一体并固化。 核心被拉出，留下开放的渠道。 一些核心和矩阵组合将允许将磁芯拉出。 其他需要将芯释放涂层施加到芯上。 芯可以是金属或陶瓷或聚合物，并且基质可以是金属或陶瓷或聚合物。 芯可以是固体或中空的。 而不是将核心拉出来，如果它们是聚合物，则它们可能被烧毁。 基质可以通过液态，固态或混合液/固态技术形成。 相关技术使用空心芯，其不被拉出，但在统一后留在身体中。 对于这种管壁制品，可以类似地形成基体。 而不是保证核心发布，核心保留是必需的。 这可能由于材料的性质而发生，或者可以提供特定的芯保留涂层。 由这种材料制成的制品包括用于半导体器件的散热器，重量轻的结构部件，热激活致动器等。可以实现非常小的通道直径和非常大的长度与开口长宽比。 热交换流体可以以非常高的效率被压缩和泵送通过这样的制品，以冷却半导体器件。
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公开(公告)号：US4531042A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-23
申请号：US542423
申请日：1983-10-17
摘要： A large diameter stud and a method and apparatus for welding same are provided. The large diameter stud has a protruding tip at a weldable end thereof containing a solid rod-like body of flux. A ceramic ferrule which can have a two-step cavity surrounds the weldable end portion of the stud when engaged with workpiece to which it is to be welded. An arc blow coil surrounds the ferrule and is spaced therefrom with powdered flux therebetween and above the ferrule. The arc blow coil is attached to adjustable legs of a welding tool and has a weight thereon to aid in supporting the welding tool upright on the workpiece during the welding operation. In the welding cycle, a relatively low weld current is used for the main welding arc and is maintained for an extended period of time. Current through the arc blow coil is initiated when the welding cycle begins and is gradually increased to a maximum at an intermediate point in the welding cycle.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种大直径螺柱及其焊接方法和装置。 大直径螺柱在其可焊接端处具有突出的尖端，其包含固体棒状焊剂体。 当与待焊接的工件接合时，可以具有两级腔的陶瓷套圈围绕螺栓的可焊接端部。 电弧吹制线圈围绕套圈并且与其间隔开并与套圈之间的粉末焊剂间隔开。 电弧吹制线圈附接到焊接工具的可调节腿部并且在其上具有重量以帮助在焊接操作期间将焊接工具直立地支撑在工件上。 在焊接周期中，对于主焊接电弧使用较低的焊接电流并且保持较长时间。 当焊接周期开始时，通过电弧吹制线圈的电流开始，并且在焊接周期的中间点逐渐增加到最大值。
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公开(公告)号：US4810308A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US145050
申请日：1988-01-19
CPC分类号： C22C5/08
摘要： A unique hardenable silver alloy is provided which is solution annealed and preferably age-hardened to yield a silver alloy of exceptional and reversible hardness. The alloys utilize intermetallic systems comprising silver, copper, combined with lithium alone or tin alone in varying percent amounts, or silver, copper, lithium and either tin or antimony, or silver, copper, lithium and either aluminum or indium or zinc, or silver, copper, antiomony and either aluminum or indium or zinc, or silver, copper, lithium, tin and antimony, or silver, copper, lithium, tin and bismuth, or silver, copper, lithium, tin, bismuth and antimony.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种独特的可硬化银合金，其是固溶退火的，并且优选地经过老化硬化以产生具有特殊和可逆硬度的银合金。 该合金使用包括银，铜，单独的锂或单独的锡以不同百分数的金属间体系，或银，铜，锂和锡或锑，或银，铜，锂和铝或铟或锌或银 银，抗氧化剂，铝或铟或锌，或银，铜，锂，锡和锑，或银，铜，锂，锡和铋，或银，铜，锂，锡，铋和锑。
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公开(公告)号：US4580558A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-08
申请号：US594168
申请日：1984-03-28
申请人： Rene J. Cabrera , Thomas W. Eagar
发明人： Rene J. Cabrera , Thomas W. Eagar
CPC分类号： A61B90/04
摘要： A surgical tool for intercepting laser energy after it has energized a target site but before it energizes adjacent tissue. The instrument includes substrate of material having a high thermal conductivity for transmitting laser energy away from the surgical site and a highly absorbent surface material for absorbing radiant energy at the wavelength of the incident laser.
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5.发明申请Transient Migrating Phase Low Temperature Joining of Co-Sintered Particulate Materials Including a Chemical Reaction 审中-公开包含化学反应的共烧结颗粒材料的瞬态迁移相低温接合公开(公告)号：US20110268975A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-03
申请号：US11795844
申请日：2006-01-25
IPC分类号： B32B17/06
CPC分类号： C04B37/021 , B32B2311/06 , B32B2311/22 , C04B37/025 , C04B37/026 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/6582 , C04B2235/96 , C04B2237/062 , C04B2237/10 , C04B2237/122 , C04B2237/34 , C04B2237/343 , C04B2237/348 , C04B2237/403 , C04B2237/405 , C04B2237/408 , C04B2237/60
摘要： A method joins bodies of two component materials, at least one of which is a particulate, at low temperature. A third component has a lower melting point than either of the components. The third component chemically reacts with one or both of the first two to form material with a higher melting point than the original third component. The system is heated to at or above that melting point. The third component melts and flows, migrating to fill spaces between particles. The fluid should migrate to and across the interface, bridging the two component materials. The migrating phase network connects across the joining interface. The reaction product remains solid at temperatures above the original melting point of the third component. The migrating phase can be the liquefied form of the third component, or, a glass, heated to act as a supercooled liquid.
摘要翻译： 在低温下，一种方法连接两种组分材料的物体，其中至少一种是微粒。 第三组分的熔点比任一组分低。 第三组分与前两种中的一种或两种发生化学反应以形成具有比原始第三组分更高的熔点的材料。 将该系统加热至该熔点以上。 第三个组分熔化并流动，迁移到填充颗粒之间的空间。 流体应迁移到界面并跨过界面，桥接两种组分材料。 迁移阶段网络通过连接界面进行连接。 反应产物在高于第三组分原始熔点的温度下保持固体。 迁移相可以是第三组分的液化形式，或加热以充当过冷液体的玻璃。
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公开(公告)号：US4557768A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-10
申请号：US673016
申请日：1984-11-19
申请人： Eric A. Barringer , Thomas W. Eagar
发明人： Eric A. Barringer , Thomas W. Eagar
IPC分类号： B23K35/36 , B23K35/365 , B23K35/34
CPC分类号： B23K35/365 , B23K35/3613
摘要： A welding flux binder is provided which comprises an alkali-alkaline earth silicate hydrolyzed and polymerized from tetraalkylorthosilicate, Si(OR).sub.4, wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, and alkali and alkaline earth salts. The reaction product of the tetraalkylorthosilicate and metal salts, M.sub.2 O.M'O.SiO.sub.2, where M is potassium, sodium or lithium, and M' is magnesium, calcium or barium, has several advantages as a welding flux binder. For example, it is not hygroscopic and can be prepared at low temperatures since the alkali ions lower the melting point for viscous sintering of the gel phase. Because of the low temperature processing, a wide variety of solid additives with low thermal stability, such as some metals, carbonates, and fluorides, can be incorporated into the flux. Other dopants may also be readily incorporated into the binder during the gel phase.
摘要翻译： 提供一种焊剂粘合剂，其包含由四正烷基原硅酸酯Si（OR）4，其中R是-CH 3，-C 2 H 5或-C 3 H 7，以及碱金属和碱土金属盐水解和聚合的碱金属 - 碱土金属硅酸盐。 作为焊剂粘合剂，原硅酸四烷基酯和金属盐M2O.M'O.SiO2（M为钾，钠或锂，M'为镁，钙或钡）的反应产物具有几个优点。 例如，它不是吸湿性的并且可以在低温下制备，因为碱离子降低了凝胶相粘性烧结的熔点。 由于低温处理，可以将多种具有低热稳定性的固体添加剂，例如一些金属，碳酸盐和氟化物掺入助熔剂中。 其他掺杂剂也可以在凝胶相期间容易地结合到粘合剂中。
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公开(公告)号：US4365134A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-21
申请号：US221591
申请日：1980-12-31
CPC分类号： B23K35/226 , B23K11/16 , B23K11/34
摘要： After measuring the bulk resistance the surface of high strength low alloy steel material is treated to form a high resistance coating on its surface. When resistance welding the material the coating permits weld formation without significant expulsion or excessive electrode force over a wide range of operating conditions.
摘要翻译： 在测量体积电阻之后，高强度低合金钢材料的表面被处理以在其表面上形成高电阻涂层。 当电阻焊接材料时，涂层允许焊接形成，而不会在宽范围的工作条件下显着排出或过大的电极力。
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公开(公告)号：US5855314A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US813145
申请日：1997-03-07
摘要： An abrasive grit for a metal bonded Single Layer abrasive tool includes abrasive grains coated with a first active component. The active component is mechanically-bound to the surface of the superabrasive grains. Preferably the abrasive is a superabrasive, especially diamond, and the first active component is titanium, either in the form of elemental Ti or TiH.sub.2. The novel grit is made by mixing the first active powder component in a liquid binder to form an adhesive paste; mixing the paste with the abrasive grains to wet the grains, and drying the mixture to adhere active component to the grains. The coated abrasive can be brazed onto a core to form a Single Layer tool, especially with a brazing composition that includes a bronze alloy and small concentrations of a second active component. During brazing the novel abrasive grains provide excellent surface contact with the brazing composition and the braze strongly bind the grains to the tool core. The brazed composition is easy to chemically or electrochemically strip from the cores of worn abrasive tools to permit reconstruction of the tools.
摘要翻译： 用于金属粘结单层研磨工具的磨料砂粒包括涂覆有第一活性组分的磨料颗粒。 活性组分机械结合到超级磨料颗粒的表面。 优选地，研磨剂是超研磨剂，特别是金刚石，并且第一活性组分是以元素Ti或TiH 2的形式的钛。 通过将第一活性粉末组分混合在液体粘合剂中以形成粘合剂浆料来制备新型砂粒; 将糊料与磨料颗粒混合以湿润颗粒，并干燥混合物以将活性组分粘附到颗粒。 涂覆的磨料可以钎焊到芯上以形成单层工具，特别是包括青铜合金和少量第二活性组分的钎焊组合物。 在钎焊期间，新型磨料颗粒与钎焊组合物提供优异的表面接触，并且钎焊将颗粒牢固地结合到工具芯上。 钎焊组合物易于化学或电化学剥离磨损的研磨工具的芯，以允许重建工具。
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公开(公告)号：US5846269A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US693763
申请日：1996-08-07
CPC分类号： B23K35/302 , B23K35/327 , B24D3/06
摘要： A bond material for a metal single layer abrasive tool, and especially for a tool with diamond abrasive, provides an excellent combination of mechanical properties including structural strength and impact resistance. The bond material is sufficiently compatible with both metal and diamond to effectively wet the abrasive grains and the core of the tool during brazing. The bond material can braze at a temperature range low enough that the core will not distort and diamond grains will not graphitize during brazing. The novel bond material composition contains a copper/tin bronze alloy; elemental titanium; zirconium; hard granular wear resistant particles; and elemental carbon. The wear resistant particles are preferably titanium carbide. Importantly, the bond produced from the material has superior wear resistance while remaining very adhesive to diamond.
摘要翻译： 用于金属单层研磨工具的粘合材料，特别是用于具有金刚石研磨剂的工具，提供了包括结构强度和耐冲击性在内的机械性能的优异组合。 粘合材料与金属和金刚石充分相容，以在钎焊期间有效地润湿磨料颗粒和工具的芯部。 粘合材料可以在足够低的温度范围内钎焊，使得芯不会变形，并且金刚石晶粒在钎焊期间不会石墨化。 该新型粘结材料组合物含有铜/锡青铜合金; 元素钛; 锆; 硬粒状耐磨颗粒; 和元素碳 耐磨颗粒优选为碳化钛。 重要的是，从材料产生的粘合剂具有优异的耐磨性，同时保持与金刚石非常粘合。
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公开(公告)号：US4662952A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US776894
申请日：1985-09-17
申请人： Eric A. Barringer , Thomas W. Eagar
发明人： Eric A. Barringer , Thomas W. Eagar
IPC分类号： B23K35/36 , B23K35/365 , B23K35/34
CPC分类号： B23K35/3613 , B23K35/365
摘要： A welding flux binder and welding flux comprising the reaction product of a hydrolyzed and polymerized organometallic compound selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides including tetraalkylorthosilicate, tetraalkylorthotitanate, tetraalkylorthozirconate and trialkylaluminate, metal esters, and metal oxalates. The organometallic compound is hydrolyzed and then polymerized to form a gel glass phase. Alkali and alkaline earth salts are added to stabilize and reduce the viscosity of the gel. The resulting welding flux binder and flux are non-hygroscopic and have a high fired strength.
摘要翻译： 一种焊剂助焊剂和焊剂，其包含水解和聚合的有机金属化合物的反应产物，所述有机金属化合物选自金属醇盐，包括原硅酸四烷基酯，钛酸四烷基酯，四烷基铝酸锆和三烷基铝酸盐，金属酯和草酸金属盐。 将有机金属化合物水解，然后聚合形成凝胶玻璃相。 加入碱和碱土盐以稳定和降低凝胶的粘度。 所得到的焊剂粘合剂和焊剂是非吸湿性的并且具有高的烧成强度。
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