摘要:
In a motor vehicle, especially a heavy duty motor vehicle, having a transmission equipped with at least one cone-type synchronizer and an axle or differential gearing, the same lubricant is used for both such mechanisms. The lubricant has a viscosity grade level of from SAE 75W90 to SAE 85W140 and comprises base oil containing at least (i) Mannich base ashless dispersant; (ii) metal-free, sulphur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent; (iii) metal-free, phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent; and (iv) overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate, sulphonate or sulphurized phenate having a TBN of at least 145. The lubricant contains at most, if any, 100 ppm of metal as one or more metal-containing additive components other than (iv).
摘要:
Lubricants and additive packages that give exceptional performance as heavy duty gear lubricants are described. Four essential oil-soluble additive components are used in combination, viz., a metal-free sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent having a copper corrosion test activity of not more than 65; a metal-free phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent; an organic carboxylic acid; and an organic amine. Tests comparing the performance of the invention against a commercial premium API GL-5 gear oil additive package selected as the best available package by a well-known OEM have shown the superiority of the present compositions under a number of test conditions.
摘要:
The disclosure is directed to a method of enhancing a fuel value for a used or waste lubricating oil, lubricating oils having improved combustion and emission characteristics, and a business method for distributing and using waste oils as components of primary combustion fuels. In one embodiment, there is provided a lubricating oil composition having improved combustion and emission properties when burned as a used lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor combustion improving amount of a combustion improving additive.
摘要:
The disclosure is directed to a method of enhancing a fuel value for a used or waste lubricating oil, lubricating oils having improved combustion and emission characteristics, and a business method for distributing and using waste oils as components of primary combustion fuels. In one embodiment, there is provided a lubricating oil composition having improved combustion and emission properties when burned as a used lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor combustion improving amount of a combustion improving additive.
摘要:
Azo compounds of formula (I), wherein X stands for halogen, in particular for chlorine, or C1-C4alkoxy, in particular for methoxy, Y stands for —CH2— or —O—, R1 and R2, independently from each other, stand for hydrogen, C1-C8alkyl, or C6-C14aryl, which may be substituted up to three times with C1-C8alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen, a process for their preparation and their use as fluorescent compounds, in particular as solid fluorescent compounds, such as for special effect printing, sectrity printing or in the opto-electronic field.
摘要:
Image display apparatus (2) for displaying composite images, which image display apparatus (2) comprises a primary image source (4), at least one secondary image source (6), first distortion, means (12) for distorting the image geometry of the secondary image source (6) such that the image geometry of the secondary image source (6) matches that of the primary image source (4), combining means (18) for combining images from the primary image source (4) with the distorted images from the secondary image source (6), second distortion means (20) for distorting the composite images, and display means (22) for displaying the composite images.
摘要:
The invention involves the use of biodegradable polyalpha olefins ("PAOs") to treat biodegradable industrial fluids, such as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, fuel oils, and the like, to: (a) reduce their pour point; (b) improve their oxidation stability performance; and/or, (c) improve their hydrolytic stability performance. A preferred industrial fluid is mixture of vegetable oil and branched alkane where the average molecular weight of the alkane is about 200-400, and the alkane additionally has a sufficient degree of branching to have a pour point of about -25.degree. C. or lower.
摘要:
A lubricant composition, uses for the lubricant composition, and methods of lubricating devices using the lubricant composition. The lubricant composition includes base oil component having a first base oil derived from a gaseous source, and optionally, a second base oil derived from a liquid petroleum source. The base oil component of the lubricant composition includes from about 5 to about 100 percent by weight of the base oil derived from a gaseous source. An additive and a solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of an adipate ester, a polyol ester, an alkylated naphthalene, an alkylated sulfone, a naphthenic base oil, an aromatic base oil, an akylated benzene, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing agents are also included in the lubricant composition.
摘要:
A clean performing gear oil for use in transmission oils and axle lubricants is provided. The gear oil having a Brookfield Viscosity at -12.degree. C. ranging from about 1,000 to about 150,000 cP, comprises a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. ranging from about 4.0 to about 41.0 cSt. Combined with the base oil is preferably a dispersant pour point depressant and/or a dispersant viscosity index improver. In a further preferred embodiment, the gear oil is essentially devoid of carboxylic-type ashless dispersants (e.g., succinimide dispersants) and Mannich base dispersants, thus realizing a cost saving over conventional gear oils which are used as transmission and axle lubricants. Functionalized polymethylacrylates (PMA) are disclosed as agents that improve the properties of the gear oil and allow for the omission of conventional dispersants.
摘要:
Hydrolytic degradation of oleaginous fluids susceptible to hydrolytic degradation in the presence of moisture and the development of acidity in adventitious water are inhibited by including in the oleaginous fluids at least one oil-soluble compound containing at least one 3,5-dihydrocarbyl-4-hydroxybenzyl group attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary amino nitrogen atom, the two alpha-positions of the benzyl group being substituted by two hydrogen atoms, by two organic groups, or by one hydrogen atom and one organic group. Other phenolic compounds such as hindered phenolic antioxidants are incapable of providing such protection against hydrolytic degradation and acid buildup.