摘要:
Low viscosity mixtures of(I) from 40 to 97.5% by weight of amphiphilic nonionic graft copolymers comprising, in copolymerized form,(a) at least 20% by weight of polyalkylene oxide units or polyvinylpyrrolidone units as hydrophilic part of the molecule and(b) at least 40% by weight of vinyl ester and/or (meth)acrylic ester units as hydrophobic part of the molecule, and(II) from 2.5 to 60% by weight of at least one viscosity-reducing additive selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated amines and hydroxy compounds having from 1 to 4 OH groups and from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the molecular mass M.sub.N of the polymers in each case being not more than 2500, and(III) from 0 to 40% by weight of homogenizing or phase-stabilizing additives, for example water, monobasic and dibasic carboxylic acids having from 8 to 25 carbon atoms, fatty alcohol sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfonates or mixtures thereof,are useful as detergent and cleaner additives.
摘要:
Finely divided mixtures of 97-10% by weight of at least one amphiphilic polymer whose softening point is above 35.degree. C., and 3-90% by weight of at least one inorganic solid with a particle size not exceeding 500 .mu.m are prepared by heating the two components to a temperature which is above the softening point of the polymer, mixing the components, dispersing the melt and rapidly cooling to a temperature at which virtually no inhomogeneity occurs and, where appropriate, further comminuting the particles at temperatures below 50.degree. C. to a particle size of from 50 .mu.m to 5 mm, and are used as additive to detergents.
摘要:
Amphiphilic polyesters containing (a) ester units derived from polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7500 and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and/or monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids and (b) ester units derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols and having molecular weights of from 1500 to 25,000, processes for preparing the amphiphilic polyesters by polycondensation, preparing first (a) aliphatic polyesters of polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7500 with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and/or monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids and then, within the aliphatic polyester thus obtained, (b) aromatic polyesters from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols, reversing the order of the polycondensation, or condensing oligomeric aromatic polyesters (b) with oligomeric aliphatic polyesters (a), and use of the amphiphilic polyesters as additive in laundry detergents, other laundry detergent additives and laundry aftertreatments.
摘要:
Mixtures comprising (a) pieces of open-cell aminoplastic foam with an average diameter in the range from 50 μm to 5 mm (weight-average), (b) water, (c) at least one surfactant and (d) if appropriate an oil or fat phase.
摘要:
The use of modified polyaspartic acids which are obtainable by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of, in each case based on the aspartic acid employed,(a) 2.5 to 25 mol % of amines with at least 6 carbon atoms(b) at least 2% by weight of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphoric acids, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphonic acids or mixtures of said acids,at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. and subsequent hydrolysis with bases to give modified polyaspartic acids with a phosphorus content of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, as additive to detergents, and detergents which contain the modified polyaspartic acids in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight.
摘要:
Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides and amino acids by reaction of amino acids with polyaspartimides in aqueous medium at pH values at which at least 5% of the amino groups in the amino acids are in non-protonated form in equilibrium with the protonated form, and use of the reaction products obtainable in this way and of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides with alkanolamines or aminated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -fatty alcohol alkoxylates which contain as copolymerized units up to 50 mol % of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol, as additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitor and as dispersant.
摘要:
Process for preparing polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid, by converting(a) citric acid, isocitric acid or mixtures thereof in an organic solvent in the presence of a water-withdrawing agent at least partially into the anhydride form and then condensing the reaction mixture, if desired after addition of two cocondensable compounds selected from the group consisting of(b) other hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or(c) amino acids, alcohols, amines and/or at least dibasic carboxylic acids other than carboxylic acids (a) and (b), at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C. to form polycarboxylates which have an average molecular weight of at least 500, polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid obtainable thereby, anduse of said polycondensates as ingredients in phosphate-free and reduced-phosphate detergents and cleaners, and also detergents and cleaners which contain at least one surfactant and optionally builders and other customary constituents with from 0.1 to 30% by weight of an abovementioned polyestercarboxylate.
摘要:
Absorber elements are described of at least one composite material having absorbent elements on a support, in which a plurality of elements of a superabsorbent foam are arranged on at least one support in a grid pattern at distances such that the elements in the swollen state touch at their peripheries.
摘要:
Biodegradable polyesters P1 obtainable by reaction of a mixture consisting essentially of(a1) a mixture consisting essentially offrom 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof,from 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, andfrom 0 to 5 mol % of a sulfonate compound, the sum of the individual mole percentages being 100 mol %, and(a2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediols and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanediols,the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) being chosen within the range from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1,with the proviso that the polyesters P1 have a molecular weight (M.sub.n) within the range from 5000 to 50,000 g/mol, a viscosity number within the range from 30 to 350 g/ml (measured in 50:50 w/w o-dichlorobenzene/phenol at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of polyester P1 at 25.degree. C.) and a melting point within the range from 50 to 170.degree. C. and with the further proviso that the polyesters P1 are prepared using from 0.01 to 5 mol %, based on the molar quantity used of component (a1), of a compound D having at least three groups capable of ester formation,and further biodegradable polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions, processes for the preparation thereof, use thereof for producing biodegradable moldings, and adhesives, biodegradable moldings, foams and blends with starch obtainable from the polymers or molding compositions of the present invention.