公开(公告)号：US08895839B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-25

申请号：US12864994

申请日：2009-02-02

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Tull

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Tull

IPC分类号： H01L31/06 ,  H01L31/18 ,  H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/0216

CPC分类号： H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/02167 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  H01L31/186 ,  H01L31/1872 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： Photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) are disclosed that include at least three radiation absorbing layers, each capable of absorbing radiation over a different wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum. Any two of these three wavelength ranges can be partially overlapping, or alternatively they can be distinct. The layers are disposed relative to one another so as to form two junctions, each of which includes a depletion region. In some cases, the radiation absorbing layers can collectively absorb radiation over a wavelength range that spans at least about 60%, or 70%, or 80%, and preferably 90% of the solar radiation wavelength spectrum. By way of example, in some embodiments, one layer can exhibit significant absorption of solar radiation (e.g., it can absorb at least one radiation wavelength at an absorptance greater than about 90%) at wavelengths less than about 0.7 microns while another layer can exhibit significant absorption of the solar radiation at wavelengths in a range of about 0.7 microns to about 1 micron. The third layer can in turn exhibit a significant absorption of solar radiation at wavelengths greater than about 1 micron.

摘要翻译： 公开了包括至少三个辐射吸收层的光伏器件（例如，太阳能电池），每个辐射吸收层能够吸收太阳辐射光谱的不同波长范围上的辐射。 这三个波长范围中的任何两个可以部分重叠，或者它们可以是不同的。 这些层相对于彼此设置以形成两个结，其中每一个包括耗尽区。 在一些情况下，辐射吸收层可以共同地吸收在太阳辐射波长谱的至少约60％，或70％，或80％，优选90％的波长范围内的辐射。 作为示例，在一些实施例中，一个层可以在小于约0.7微米的波长下显示太阳辐射的显着吸收（例如，其可以以大于约90％的吸收率吸收至少一个辐射波长），而另一层可以展现 太阳辐射在约0.7微米至约1微米范围内的波长的显着吸收。 此外，第三层可以在大于约1微米的波长下表现出太阳辐射的显着吸收。

公开(公告)号：US20110100441A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12864994

申请日：2009-02-02

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Rull

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler ,  Brian R. Rull

IPC分类号： H01L31/06 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L31/076 ,  H01L31/02167 ,  H01L31/0236 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/0725 ,  H01L31/0747 ,  H01L31/186 ,  H01L31/1872 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： Photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) are disclosed that include at least three radiation absorbing layers, each capable of absorbing radiation over a different wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum. Any two of these three wavelength ranges can be partially overlapping, or alternatively they can be distinct. The layers are disposed relative to one another so as to form two junctions, each of which includes a depletion region. In some cases, the radiation absorbing layers can collectively absorb radiation over a wavelength range that spans at least about 60%, or 70%, or 80%, and preferably 90% of the solar radiation wavelength spectrum. By way of example, in some embodiments, one layer can exhibit significant absorption of solar radiation (e.g., it can absorb at least one radiation wavelength at an absorptance greater than about 90%) at wavelengths less than about 0.7 microns while another layer can exhibit significant absorption of the solar radiation at wavelengths in a range of about 0.7 microns to about 1 micron. The third layer can in turn exhibit a significant absorption of solar radiation at wavelengths greater than about 1 micron.

摘要翻译： 公开了包括至少三个辐射吸收层的光伏器件（例如，太阳能电池），每个辐射吸收层能够吸收太阳辐射光谱的不同波长范围上的辐射。 这三个波长范围中的任何两个可以部分重叠，或者它们可以是不同的。 这些层相对于彼此设置以形成两个结，其中每一个包括耗尽区。 在一些情况下，辐射吸收层可以共同地吸收在太阳辐射波长谱的至少约60％，或70％，或80％，优选90％的波长范围内的辐射。 作为示例，在一些实施例中，一个层可以在小于约0.7微米的波长下显示太阳辐射的显着吸收（例如，其可以以大于约90％的吸收率吸收至少一个辐射波长），而另一层可以展现 太阳辐射在约0.7微米至约1微米范围内的波长的显着吸收。 此外，第三层可以在大于约1微米的波长下表现出太阳辐射的显着吸收。

公开(公告)号：US08603902B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-10

申请号：US12864967

申请日：2009-02-02

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler

IPC分类号： H01L21/265

CPC分类号： H01L21/223 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L31/0288 ,  H01L31/101 ,  Y02E10/50

摘要： Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate (e.g., a semiconductor substrate) is disclosed that includes irradiating at least a portion of the substrate surface with a plurality of short radiation pulses while the surface portion is exposed to a dopant compound. The pulses are selected to have a fluence at the substrate surface that is greater than a melting fluence threshold (a minimum fluence needed for the radiation pulse to cause substrate melting) and less than an ablation fluence threshold (a minimum fluence needed for the radiation pulse to cause substrate ablation). In this manner a quantity of the dopant can be incorporated into the substrate while ensuring that the roughness of the substrate's surface is significantly less than the wavelength of the applied radiation pulses.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理衬底（例如，半导体衬底）的方法和装置，其包括在表面部分暴露于掺杂剂化合物的同时，用多个短辐射脉冲照射衬底表面的至少一部分。 脉冲被选择为在衬底表面上具有大于熔融注量阈值（辐射脉冲引起衬底熔化所需的最小注量））和小于消融注量阈值（辐射脉冲所需的最小注量） 引起基底消融）。 以这种方式，可以将一定量的掺杂剂掺入衬底中，同时确保衬底表面的粗糙度显着小于施加的辐射脉冲的波长。

公开(公告)号：US20110045244A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-24

申请号：US12864967

申请日：2009-02-02

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mark Winkler

IPC分类号： B32B3/00 ,  H01S3/00 ,  C23C14/22 ,  H01L21/268

CPC分类号： H01L21/223 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L31/0288 ,  H01L31/101 ,  Y02E10/50

摘要： Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate (e.g., a semiconductor substrate) is disclosed that includes irradiating at least a portion of the substrate surface with a plurality of short radiation pulses while the surface portion is exposed to a dopant compound. The pulses are selected to have a fluence at the substrate surface that is greater than a melting fluence threshold (a minimum fluence needed for the radiation pulse to cause substrate melting) and less than an ablation fluence threshold (a minimum fluence needed for the radiation pulse to cause substrate ablation). In this manner a quantity of the dopant can be incorporated into the substrate while ensuring that the roughness of the substrate's surface is significantly less than the wavelength of the plied radiation pulses.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理衬底（例如，半导体衬底）的方法和装置，其包括在表面部分暴露于掺杂剂化合物的同时，用多个短辐射脉冲照射衬底表面的至少一部分。 脉冲被选择为在衬底表面上具有大于熔融注量阈值（辐射脉冲引起衬底熔化所需的最小注量））和小于消融注量阈值（辐射脉冲所需的最小注量） 引起基底消融）。 以这种方式，可以将一定量的掺杂剂掺入到衬底中，同时确保衬底表面的粗糙度显着小于合并的辐射脉冲的波长。

公开(公告)号：US08914373B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-16

申请号：US13458040

申请日：2012-04-27

申请人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Brian Lukoff

发明人： Gary King ,  Eric Mazur ,  Brian Lukoff

IPC分类号： G06F17/30 ,  G06F7/00 ,  G06F21/41 ,  G06Q10/06

CPC分类号： G06F17/30598 ,  G06F17/30876 ,  G06F17/30893 ,  G06F17/30896 ,  G06F21/41 ,  G06Q10/06311 ,  H04W4/02 ,  H04W4/023 ,  H04W4/08

摘要： Representative embodiments of a method for grouping participants in an activity include the steps of: (i) defining a grouping policy; (ii) storing, in a database, participant records that include a participant identifier, a characteristic associated with the participant, and/or an identifier for a participant's handheld device; (iii) defining groupings based on the policy and characteristics of the participants relating to the policy and to the activity; and (iv) communicating the groupings to the handheld devices to establish the groups.

摘要翻译： 用于分组活动中的参与者的方法的代表性实施例包括以下步骤：（i）定义分组策略; （ii）在数据库中存储包括参与者标识符，与参与者相关联的特征的参与者记录和/或参与者的手持设备的标识符; （iii）根据与政策和活动有关的参与者的政策和特点确定分组; 和（iv）将分组传送到手持设备以建立组。

公开(公告)号：US20130302775A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-14

申请号：US13871627

申请日：2013-04-26

申请人： Gary King ,  Brian Lukoff ,  Eric Mazur

发明人： Gary King ,  Brian Lukoff ,  Eric Mazur

IPC分类号： G09B7/00

CPC分类号： G09B7/00

摘要： Textual responses to open-ended (i.e., free-response) items provided by participants (e.g., by means of mobile wireless devices) are automatically classified, enabling an instructor to assess the responses in a convenient, organized fashion and adjust instruction accordingly.

摘要翻译： 由参与者（例如，通过移动无线设备）提供的对开放式（即，自由应答）项目的文本响应被自动分类，使得教练能够以方便且有组织的方式评估响应并相应地调整指令。

公开(公告)号：US08439201B2

公开(公告)日：2013-05-14

申请号：US12989833

申请日：2009-05-21

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Eric Diebold

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Eric Diebold

IPC分类号： B03B1/00

CPC分类号： B82B3/0071

摘要： The invention provides methods and systems for separating particles that exhibit different Raman characteristics. The method can include introducing nanoparticles, on which Raman-active molecules are adsorbed, into a photopolymerizable resin and exposing to excite Raman active vibrational modes of the molecules to generate Raman-shifted radiation suitable for polymerizing the resin such that the Raman-shifted radiation causes selective polymerization of a resin surrounding nanoparticles if the nanoparticles provide a Raman enhancement factor greater than a threshold. In addition, methods for electrically isolating nanoparticles, or selectively removing one type of nanoparticles from collections, are disclosed. These methods rely on generation of blue-shifted anti-Stokes photons to selectively expose portions of a photoresist covering the nanoparticles to those photons. Such exposure can cause a change in the exposed portions (e.g., polymerize or increase solubility to a developing agent), which can be employed to achieve isolation of the nanoparticles or their selective removal.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了分离显示不同拉曼特性的颗粒的方法和系统。 该方法可以包括将其上吸附有拉曼活性分子的纳米颗粒引入可光聚合树脂中并暴露于分子的激发拉曼活性振动模式以产生适于聚合树脂的拉曼偏移辐射，使得拉曼位移辐射导致 如果纳米颗粒提供大于阈值的拉曼增强因子，则围绕纳米颗粒的树脂的选择性聚合。 此外，公开了用于电绝缘纳米颗粒或从集合中选择性地除去一种类型的纳米颗粒的方法。 这些方法依赖于产生蓝移的反斯托克斯光子，以选择性地将覆盖纳米颗粒的光刻胶的部分暴露于那些光子。 这种暴露可导致暴露部分的变化（例如，聚合或增加对显影剂的溶解度），其可用于实现纳米颗粒的分离或其选择性去除。

公开(公告)号：US08143686B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

申请号：US12906508

申请日：2010-10-18

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L31/102

CPC分类号： H01L21/428 ,  B23K26/0624 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L21/3065 ,  Y10S977/762 ,  Y10S977/814 ,  Y10S977/816 ,  Y10S977/824

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of processing a substrate, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, by irradiating a surface of the substrate (or at least a portion of the surface) with a first set of polarized short laser pulses while exposing the surface to a fluid to generate a plurality of structures on the surface, e.g., within a top layer of the surface. Subsequently, the structured surface can be irradiated with another set of polarized short laser pulses having a different polarization than that of the initial set while exposing the structured surface to a fluid, e.g., the same fluid initially utilized to form the structured surface or a different fluid. In many embodiments, the second set of polarized laser pulses cause the surface structures formed by the first set to break up into smaller-sized structures, e.g., nano-sized features such as nano-sized rods.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供了一种通过用第一组偏振短激光脉冲照射衬底（或表面的至少一部分）的表面来处理衬底（例如半导体衬底）的方法，同时使 表面到流体，以在表面上产生多个结构，例如在表面的顶层内。 随后，结构化表面可以用另一组偏振短激光脉冲照射，其具有与初始设定不同的偏振，同时将结构化表面暴露于流体，例如最初用于形成结构化表面的相同流体或不同 流体。 在许多实施例中，第二组偏振激光脉冲使由第一组形成的表面结构分解成较小尺寸的结构，例如纳米尺寸特征，例如纳米尺寸的棒。

公开(公告)号：US20110031471A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12906508

申请日：2010-10-18

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L29/66 ,  B82Y99/00

CPC分类号： H01L21/428 ,  B23K26/0624 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  B23K26/40 ,  B23K2101/40 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  H01L21/268 ,  H01L21/3065 ,  Y10S977/762 ,  Y10S977/814 ,  Y10S977/816 ,  Y10S977/824

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of processing a substrate, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, by irradiating a surface of the substrate (or at least a portion of the surface) with a first set of polarized short laser pulses while exposing the surface to a fluid to generate a plurality of structures on the surface, e.g., within a top layer of the surface. Subsequently, the structured surface can be irradiated with another set of polarized short laser pulses having a different polarization than that of the initial set while exposing the structured surface to a fluid, e.g., the same fluid initially utilized to form the structured surface or a different fluid. In many embodiments, the second set of polarized laser pulses cause the surface structures formed by the first set to break up into smaller-sized structures, e.g., nano-sized features such as nano-sized rods.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供了一种通过用第一组偏振短激光脉冲照射衬底（或表面的至少一部分）的表面来处理衬底（例如半导体衬底）的方法，同时使 表面到流体，以在表面上产生多个结构，例如在表面的顶层内。 随后，结构化表面可以用另一组偏振短激光脉冲照射，其具有与初始设定不同的偏振，同时将结构化表面暴露于流体，例如最初用于形成结构化表面的相同流体或不同 流体。 在许多实施例中，第二组偏振激光脉冲使由第一组形成的表面结构分解成较小尺寸的结构，例如纳米尺寸特征，例如纳米尺寸的棒。

公开(公告)号：US07884446B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-08

申请号：US12235086

申请日：2008-09-22

申请人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

发明人： Eric Mazur ,  Mengyan Shen

IPC分类号： H01L29/06

CPC分类号： H01L21/268 ,  B23K26/1224 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/02532 ,  H01L21/0259 ,  H01L21/02686 ,  H01L21/2252 ,  H01L21/302 ,  H01L21/67075 ,  Y10S438/94

摘要： The present invention generally provides semiconductor substrates having submicron-sized surface features generated by irradiating the surface with ultra short laser pulses. In one aspect, a method of processing a semiconductor substrate is disclosed that includes placing at least a portion of a surface of the substrate in contact with a fluid, and exposing that surface portion to one or more femtosecond pulses so as to modify the topography of that portion. The modification can include, e.g., generating a plurality of submicron-sized spikes in an upper layer of the surface.

摘要翻译： 本发明通常提供具有通过用超短激光脉冲照射表面而产生的亚微米尺寸表面特征的半导体衬底。 一方面，公开了一种处理半导体衬底的方法，其包括将衬底的至少一部分表面与流体接触，并将该表面部分暴露于一个或多个飞秒脉冲，以便修改 那部分。 该修改可以包括例如在表面的上层中生成多个亚微米尺寸的尖峰。