摘要:
A method for simultaneously planarizing to relatively equal smoothness a thin film magnetic head hardbaked resist structure having relatively low surface energy and one or more additional thin film magnetic head structures containing other materials having comparatively higher surface energy, such as copper, hardbaked resist, alumina and NiFe. The method begins with preparation of a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurry targeted at equaling the removal rate of the materials to be planarized. The CMP slurry includes a liquid vehicle, an abrasive, and a surfactant. The CMP slurry is applied to the surface of the structures to be planarized and the structures are simultaneously planarized using a CMP planarization technique.
摘要:
A thin film magnetic head that includes an improved P2 pole tip/yoke interface. The process for forming the P2 pole tip/yoke interface includes a CMP polishing step that is performed on the surface of the wafer subsequent to the plating of the P2 pole tip. This CMP step utilizes a relatively soft polishing pad and an acidic polishing slurry which preferentially attacks the P2 pole tip material, such that the CMP step results in the recession of the upper surface of the P2 pole tip relative to the dielectric layer surrounding it, as well as the significant rounding of the upper edges of the dielectric trench in which the P2 pole tip is formed. Thereafter, when the yoke is plated onto the P2 pole tip the rounded upper edges of the dielectric trench result in a concave curved interface between the yoke and the P2 pole tip.
摘要:
The method according to the invention is a method for controlling the purging of a sélective catalytic réduction System (1) for a vehicle. The sélective catalytic réduction System (1) has a pump (4) for reducing agent (3), at least one supply line (5) supplying reducing agent (3) to an exhaust line (10) of the vehicle, and a purge fluid suction device. The method is characterized in that it involves determining a purge duration as a fonction of a state of fill of the supply line (5) prior to activation of the purge phase, and in that the method forther comprises the updating of the purge duration during purging.
摘要:
In general terms, embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and apparatuses for cleaning, grooming, and otherwise maintaining sand and sandy surfaces. For example, some embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for cleaning a sandy surface, where the sandy surface includes unsifted sand, and where the unsifted sand includes sand and unwanted material. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: (a) one or more frames; (b) a conveyor carried by the one or more frames and including a first portion and a second portion, where the conveyor is configured to transport the unsifted sand from the first portion towards the second portion; (c) at least one paddle carried by the one or more frames and configured to direct the unsifted sand from the sandy surface towards the conveyor; and (d) a sifter carried by the one or more frames and configured to: (i) receive the unsifted sand from the conveyor; (ii) prevent the unwanted material from passing through the sifter; and (iii) allow the sand to pass through the sifter.
摘要:
Internally calibrated pH and other analyte sensors based on redox agents provide more accurate results when the redox active reference agent is in a constant chemical environment, yet separated from the solution being analyzed in such a way as to maintain electrical contact with the sample. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) can be used to achieve these results when used as a salt bridge between the reference material and the sample being analyzed. The RTIL provides the constant chemical environment and ionic strength for the redox active material (RAM) and provides an electrolytic layer that limits or eliminates direct chemical interaction with the sample. A broad range of RAMs can be employed in a variety of configurations in such “Analyte Insensitive Electrode” devices.
摘要:
A depth and puncture control system for a blood vessel hemostasis system includes a blood vessel puncture control tip which, when positioned in the lumen of a blood vessel, can inhibit the flow of blood out of the puncture site. When used together with a pledget delivery cannula and a pledget pusher, the control tip and the delivery catheter can both inhibit blood loss out the puncture site and inhibit the introduction of pledget material and tissue fragments into the blood vessel. The system also includes a handle which releasably connects together the control tip, pusher, and delivery cannula to permit limited longitudinal motion between the control tip and the delivery cannula, and between the pusher and the delivery cannula.
摘要:
A cable including circuitry for asserting information to a user or external device and a system including such a cable. The cable can include conductors, a memory storing cable data, and circuitry configured to respond to a request received on at least one of the conductors by accessing at least some of the cable data and asserting the accessed data serially to at least one of the conductors (e.g., for transmission to an external device). Other aspects of the invention are methods for accessing cable data stored in a cable and optionally using the data (e.g., to implement equalization). The cable data can be indicative of all or some of cable type, grade, speed, length, and impedance, a date code, a frequency-dependent attenuation table, far-end crosstalk and EMI-related coefficients, common mode radiation, intra pair skew, and other information. The cable can include a radiation-emitting element and circuitry for generating driving signals for causing the radiation-emitting element to produce an appropriate color, brightness, and/or blinking pattern.
摘要:
A communication system including a transmitter, a receiver, and a serial link, in which encoded data (e.g., encoded video data and encoded auxiliary data) are transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver. The serial link can but need not be a TMDS or TMDS-like link. In typical embodiments, alternating bursts of encoded video data and encoded auxiliary data are transmitted over each of one or more channels of the link. Other aspects of the invention are transmitters for use in encoding data for transmission over a serial link, and methods for sending encoded data over a serial link. In accordance with the invention, the data to be transmitted are encoded using a subset (sometimes referred to as a selected set of code words) of a full set of code words. The selected set of code words is selected such that each stream of encoded data (comprising only such code words) transmitted over a serial link has a bit pattern that is less susceptible to inter-symbol interference (“ISI”) during transmission than is the bit pattern determined by a conventionally encoded version of the same data (comprising not only the selected set of code words but also other members of the full set). In general, the best choice for the selected set of code words selected from a full set of binary code words depends on the particular coding implemented by the full set. Typically, the selected set of code words includes words whose serial patterns (during transmission) have fewer contiguous zeros and ones (and thus are less susceptible to ISI during transmission) than do those code words in the full set that are not selected. In preferred embodiments in which the bits of the selected set of code words are transmitted over a serial link as sequences of rising and falling voltage transitions, the bit pattern of each transmitted stream of the selected set of code words implements DC balancing to limit the voltage drift over time.
摘要:
A cable including circuitry for asserting information to a user or external device and a system including such a cable. The cable can include conductors, a memory storing cable data, and circuitry configured to respond to a request received on at least one of the conductors by accessing at least some of the cable data and asserting the accessed data serially to at least one of the conductors (e.g., for transmission to an external device). Other aspects of the invention are methods for accessing cable data stored in a cable and optionally using the data (e.g., to implement equalization). The cable data can be indicative of all or some of cable type, grade, speed, length, and impedance, a date code, a frequency-dependent attenuation table, far-end crosstalk and EMI-related coefficients, common mode radiation, intra pair skew, and other information. The cable can include a radiation-emitting element and circuitry for generating driving signals for causing the radiation-emitting element to produce an appropriate color, brightness, and/or blinking pattern.
摘要:
A motivational and teaching abacus device which has large beads rotatably and slidably mounted on a rod for classroom or home display. Each bead has indicia on two opposite sides, a smiley face on a first side and a number in a series of numbers on a second side. Alternately, the indicia on the second side may comprise a letter of the alphabet. The beads and the indicia are sufficiently large to be seen by all students in a classroom. The device may be supported on a horizontal or vertical surface.