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公开(公告)号：US4831304A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US146383
申请日：1988-01-21
CPC分类号： G01L9/0023 , G01L1/162 , G01L1/167 , G01L1/186 , G01L9/002
摘要： A solid sensor, for sensing a physical parameter such as pressure, comprises a resonantly vibratable beam formed across a cavity in a substrate by micro-machining, and arranged such that changes in the parameter vary its resonant frequency. The beam either consists of or has deposited on it a material exhibiting piezo-electric effect, so that vibration of the beam can be excited by using the effect. This is achieved using light, either by forming a photodiode in the substrate in or near the beam, so that illuminating the photodiode causes a voltage to be applied to the beam, or, in the case where the piezo-electric material exhibits surface piezo-electric effect, by directly illuminating the beam.
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for receiving carrier-borne digital signals intended to operate remotely-operable switching devices 失效用于接收用于操作可远程操作的开关装置的载波数字信号的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4428061A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-24
申请号：US234533
申请日：1981-02-17
IPC分类号： H02J13/00 , H03M5/12 , H04B3/54 , H04L1/00 , H04L25/49 , H04L27/00 , G06F15/34 , H04L27/18 , H04L27/22
CPC分类号： H02J13/0037 , H04B3/542 , H04B2203/5416 , H04B2203/5433 , H04B2203/5441 , H04B2203/5487 , H04B2203/5491 , Y02E60/7892 , Y04S40/146
摘要： A receiver, for receiving a signal comprising a carrier signal modulated with a digital signal, comprises a circuit for demodulating the received signal to produce an output signal which contains the digital signal. Because of repeated filtering, the digital signal is typically in the form of an approximately sinusoidal signal, which has a component whose frequency is equal to half the basic bit rate of the digital signal: because of noise, this component is subject to considerable timing jitter. To overcome this, the output signal is digitized and applied to a digital correlator, where it is correlated with a reference signal whose frequency is also equal to half the basic bit rate of the digital signal. The reference signal is preferably derived from a phase-locked loop locked to the carrier frequency. The correlator, which is constituted by a microprocessor, determines the instants of time which most nearly coincide with the mean-level crossing points of said component (which instants correspond to transitions between one bit of the digital signal and the next), and also determines successive bit values on the basis of the coincidence determination. The receiver can be used to receive mains-borne signals, i.e. signals transmitted over an electrical power supply network, or radio broadcast signals.
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公开(公告)号：US4420721A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-13
申请号：US232498
申请日：1981-02-09
申请人： Howard A. Dorey , Anthony J. Ley
发明人： Howard A. Dorey , Anthony J. Ley
CPC分类号： G01R22/066 , G01R21/00 , G08B29/08
摘要： An electricity meter for metering the amount of electrical energy supplied by a power supplier to a power consumer is provided with fraud detection means for detecting the presence of an external shunt which has been connected to by-pass its internal current sensing means. The detection means, which comprises a differential current sensor for sensing the difference between the respective currents flowing to and from the consumer via the meter and a multiplier for multiplying this current difference by a signal derived from the supply voltage, is arranged to operate a circuit breaker, and/or to compensate the energy measurement of the meter, and/or to provide a warning to the supplier. The differential current sensor also senses when current is being taken between the live wire and earth on the consumer's side of the meter.
摘要翻译： 用于计量电力供应商向电力消费者提供的电能量的电表设置有用于检测已经连接到旁路其内部电流感测装置的外部分流器的存在的欺诈检测装置。 该检测装置包括差分电流传感器，用于感测通过仪表流向和从消费者流出的各个电流之间的差异，以及乘法器，用于将该电流差乘以由电源电压得到的信号，以便操作电路 断路器和/或补偿仪表的能量测量，和/或向供应商提供警告。 差分电流传感器还可以感测到当电流在电表的消费者侧面上的电线和地线之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4250407A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-10
申请号：US854282
申请日：1977-11-23
IPC分类号： H01L21/822 , G11C11/414 , G11C11/415 , H01L27/04 , H03K19/018 , H03K19/08 , H03K19/082 , H03K5/153 , H03K17/62
CPC分类号： G11C11/414 , G11C11/415 , H03K19/01806 , H03K19/0813 , H03K19/0823
摘要： A single patch on an integrated circuit is arranged to patch any one of four different logical states into the circuit, according to whether the pin is grounded, floating, coupled to a supply rail via a resistor, or coupled to the supply rail directly. In one embodiment, the voltage thresholds of three transistors are arranged so that they switch on successively in response to successively higher voltages on the patch pin, thereby controlling the binary logic signals at each of two output points in the circuit; in the other embodiment, multi-emitter transistors are arranged with differing current thresholds to achieve the same result.
摘要翻译： 集成电路上的单个贴片被布置为根据引脚是接地的，浮动的，通过电阻器耦合到电源轨，还是直接耦合到电源轨，将四种不同逻辑状态中的任何一种补偿到电路中。 在一个实施例中，三个晶体管的电压阈值被布置成使得它们响应于补丁引脚上的连续更高的电压而依次接通，从而在电路中的两个输出点的每一个处控制二进制逻辑信号; 在另一实施例中，多发射极晶体管被布置成具有不同的电流阈值以获得相同的结果。
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5.发明授权Transmission systems for transmitting signals over power distribution networks, and transmitters for use therein 失效用于通过配电网络传输信号的传输系统和用于其中的发射机
公开(公告)号：US4419758A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US235277
申请日：1981-02-17
申请人： Howard A. Dorey
发明人： Howard A. Dorey
CPC分类号： H04B3/542 , H02J13/0031 , H02J13/0034 , H02J13/0037 , H04B2203/5416 , H04B2203/5425 , H04B2203/5433 , H04B2203/5441 , H04B2203/5483 , H04B2203/5487 , Y02E60/7892 , Y04S40/146
摘要： A transmission system, for transmitting signals over an electrical power distribution circuit, comprises a transmitter arranged to produce at least two carrier signals of different frequency and to modulate each of them with the same digital signal. The respective frequencies of the carrier signals are derived by frequency division from a common master oscillator, and are thus phase-coherent. The system includes a receiver for receiving the signals, comprising a respective input circuit for each modulated carrier, the input circuits each being tuned to the frequency of their respective carrier signal. A plurality of oscillator signals of different frequencies, derived from a variable frequency oscillator, are used to beat the received carrier signals to respective signals at a common frequency, which signals are summed. The summed signal at the common frequency is applied to one input of a phase detector, whose other input is connected to receive another oscillator signal, also at the common frequency, from the variable frequency oscillator. The output signal from the phase detector is applied to the variable frequency oscillator to lock its frequency to those of all the carriers and therefore to that of the master oscillator in the transmitter. The digital signal is derived from the output of the phase detector by digital correlation techniques.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过电力分配电路传输信号的传输系统包括：发射机，被布置成产生不同频率的至少两个载波信号，并用相同的数字信号对它们中的每一个进行调制。 通过从公共主振荡器的分频导出载波信号的各个频率，因此是相位相干的。 该系统包括用于接收信号的接收机，包括用于每个调制载波的相应输入电路，每个输入电路被调谐到它们各自载波信号的频率。 使用从可变频率振荡器导出的不同频率的多个振荡器信号以接收到的载波信号以相同的频率将各个信号进行拍频，这些信号相加。 在共同频率下的相加信号被施加到相位检测器的一个输入端，相位检测器的另一个输入端连接以从可变频率振荡器接收另一个振荡器信号，也以公共频率接收。 来自相位检测器的输出信号被施加到可变频率振荡器以将其频率锁定到所有载波的频率，因此被锁定到发射机中的主振荡器的频率。 数字信号通过数字相关技术从相位检测器的输出中导出。
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公开(公告)号：US4406924A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-27
申请号：US234534
申请日：1981-02-17
申请人： Howard A. Dorey
发明人： Howard A. Dorey
CPC分类号： H02J13/0037 , H04B3/542 , H04B2203/5416 , H04B2203/5433 , H04B2203/5441 , H04B2203/5487 , H04B2203/5491 , Y02E60/7892 , Y04S40/146
摘要： A radio-controlled device for use in a power distribution circuit, typically for tariff-switching, load-shedding or off-peak load-switching purposes, includes a radio receiver having an aerial circuit which includes a ferrite annulus. The device is typically mounted in an electricity meter connected in the power distribution circuit, with the ferrite annulus surrounding one or more wires of the distribution circuit down-circuit of the meter. The wire or wires surrounded by the ferrite annulus, which typically extend all over the house or other building in which the meter and the device are installed, therefore serve as an aerial for the radio receiver in the device, thus alleviating the problems which can arise when the device is mounted in a location where radio reception is poor.
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4150438A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-17
申请号：US815133
申请日：1977-07-13
CPC分类号： G06F13/4213 , G06F13/4027
摘要： An interface circuit for use in a data transmission system has a first port for connection to a 16 wire data highway of the type proposed by the I.E.C. (International Electrochemical Commission) for the interconnection of instruments, and a second port capable of being connected to an eight-wire or two-wire data link. The interface circuit includes an encoding circuit operative to encode at least some commands applied to the first port, and an enabling circuit for selectively enabling data applied to the data terminals of the first port and the encoded commands to pass to the second port. The interface circuit also includes status circuits for establishing statuses of the circuit in accordance with commands supplied thereto, including a status indicating that the interface has been addressed, and a circuit responsive to the absence of this "addressed" status to disable the enabling circuit, so as to prevent at least some of the encoded commands and the data received at the data terminals of the first port from being passed to the second port.
摘要翻译： 用于数据传输系统的接口电路具有用于连接到由I.E.C提出的类型的16线数据高速公路的第一端口。 （国际电化学委员会），用于互连仪器，以及能够连接到八线或二线数据链路的第二端口。 接口电路包括编码电路，其可操作以对施加到第一端口的至少一些命令进行编码;以及使能电路，用于选择性地使得施加到第一端口的数据终端的数据和编码的命令传递到第二端口。 接口电路还包括用于根据提供给它的命令来建立电路状态的状态电路，包括指示接口已被寻址的状态，以及响应于不存在该“寻址”状态以禁用使能电路的电路， 以防止在第一端口的数据终端处接收到的编码命令和数据中的至少一些被传递到第二端口。
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