摘要:
The present invention provides a polishing pad which can improve qualities of an object to be polished by improving the flatness of the object. A polishing surface 1a of a polishing pad 1 is subjected to a mechanical process, such as buffing, so that the flatness of the surface is improved, and corrugations on the polishing surface have a cycle of 5 mm-200 mm and a largest amplitude of 40 μm or less. As a result, the flatness of the object polished by the polishing pad 1, such as a silicon wafer, is improved.
摘要:
The present invention provides a polishing pad which can improve qualities of an object to be polished by improving the flatness of the object. A polishing surface 1a of a polishing pad 1 is subjected to a mechanical process, such as buffing, so that the flatness of the surface is improved, and corrugations on the polishing surface have a cycle of 5 mm-200 mm and a largest amplitude of 40 μm or less. As a result, the flatness of the object polished by the polishing pad 1, such as a silicon wafer, is improved.
摘要:
In the method and apparatus for reverse play, the forward predictive encoded pictures in a compressed video stream are decoded, and selected ones of the decoded, forward predictive encoded pictures are re-encoded as anchor pictures. These anchor pictures are then used to decode portions of the compressed video stream for display in a reverse display order.
摘要:
Semiconductor devices are provided. Each of the semiconductor devices may include a plurality of electrodes. Moreover, each of the semiconductor devices may include a supporting pattern connected to sidewalls of the plurality of electrodes. Related methods of forming semiconductor devices are also provided. For example, the methods may include forming the supporting pattern before forming the plurality of electrodes.
摘要:
An encoding method comprises receiving a plurality of video frames including first and third reference frames (F1, F3) and a target frame (F2); generating a temporary frame based on assumed constant-velocity motion between the first and third reference frames (F1, F3); comparing the temporary frame target frame to detect nonlinear motion (errors in the temporary frame) between the first and third reference frames and to produce motion vector information between the target frame and at least one of the reference frames according to the comparison; and encoding the reference frames and the motion vector information.
摘要:
Fast low-power logic gates and method for evaluating logic signals reduce the effect of the power/speed tradeoff for parallel connected logic. A control circuit momentarily enables a high-current pullup or pulldown device after a connected input ladder switches from a conducting state to a non-conducting state. This allows a high current pullup or pulldown to be used for fast evaluation without increasing overall current drain, since the pullup action is momentary.
摘要:
The present invention determines whether two design files have identical functionality by attempting to create a binary decision diagram (BDD) for corresponding verification output pairs(302). When the BDD creations are not successful for all evaluated output pairs a set of cutpoint pair candidates are identified(303). An automatic test program generator (ATPG) is used to determine whether or not the cutpoint pair candidates are invalid cutpoints(304). The invalid cutpoints are removed from the set of cutpoint pair candidates(305). A cutpoint pair candidate having known support is selected(306). An exclusive-or of the outputs of the selected candidate is formed (307). A BDD for the resulting XOR function is attempted (308). If a BDD having a zero or one value is built then the selected candidate is valid indicating equivalence (310). If the BDD is neither the zero function nor the one function, the cutpoint pair is invalid if all of its inputs are verification inputs (311). If one or more of the inputs are cutpoint variable inputs, the function for a cutpoint variable input is substituted (309), and the flow continues to build a new BDD for the evaluation XOR having the substituted function.
摘要:
Engine misfire is detected in a reciprocating internal combustion engine having an engine cycle frequency in the frequency domain from crankshaft angular velocity. Crankshaft angular position is sensed to develop an electrical signal which is a function of the crankshaft angular velocity. The electrical signal contains data which is sampled. The sampled data is transformed to an equivalent frequency domain spectrum including frequency components of the engine cycle frequency and harmonics thereof. A statistical decision algorithm is applied to the magnitudes of the frequency components to distinguish between a true misfire and normal cyclic variability which characterizes the combustion process. In one embodiment, the misfired cylinder is identified based on the phase of the frequency component at the engine cycle frequency. In another embodiment, the identity of the misfired cylinder is determined by shifting the sampled data prior to transforming the data.
摘要:
A polishing pad has structural parts embedded therein; sensors, a memory for storing detected information obtained by the sensors, and a communication unit driven by a power supply unit to communicate with outside in a non-contact manner. The polishing pad and a communication unit configured to communicate with the communication unit of the polishing pad in a non-contact manner constitute a polishing information management system. The polishing pad and a communication unit configured to transmit and receive the information to and from the communication unit of the polishing pad in a non-contact manner constitute a polishing apparatus.
摘要:
A system for download of electronic document is characterized by: an electronic document providing server coding an electronic document and transmitting the coded electronic document to a relevant electronic book terminal using an intrinsic identification (ID) information of a connected electronic book terminal if there is a download request of a particular electronic document; and an electronic book terminal retrieving a particular electronic document by being connected to the electronic document providing server in response to an externally-inputted command, downloading the coded electronic document from the electronic document providing server in response to the download request of the retrieved particular electric document, and decoding the downloaded electronic document using the intrinsic ID information and displaying the decoded electronic document.