摘要:
Grafted polyamidoamines and grafted polyethyleneimines obtainable by free-radically initiated polymerization of (a) 1-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinyltriazole, 1-vinylimidazoles, mixtures of said monomers or mixtures of at least one of said monomers with up to 20% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of (b) water-soluble or -dispersible polyamidoamines, polyethyleneimines or mixtures thereof in a weight ratio of (a):(b) from 5:95 to 95:5, are useful as dye transfer inhibitors in surfactant-based detergents when included therein in an amount from 0.05 to 10% by weight.
摘要:
Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 -alkyl and A is a polyalkylene oxide radical composed of from 4 to 30 alkylene oxide units, of which from 100 to 60 mole % are ethylene oxide units and from 0 to 40 mole % are 1,2-propylene oxide units or 1,2-butylene oxide units or a mixture of these.
摘要:
Color-stabilized nonionic surfactants which contain chemically bonded poly(alkylene oxide) groups with terminal hydroxyl groups, wherein the color stabilizer is from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on surfactant, of one or more compounds of the formula ##STR1## where X is O, CH.sub.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 or C.sub.3 H.sub.6, Y is O or NH and Z is H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 OH.
摘要翻译:含有化学键合的具有末端羟基的聚(环氧烷)基团的颜色稳定的非离子表面活性剂,其中颜色稳定剂为基于表面活性剂的0.1至5重量%的一种或多种下式的化合物,其中X 是O,CH 2,C 2 H 4或C 3 H 6,Y是O或NH,Z是H,CH 3或CH 2 OH。
摘要:
Alkoxylation products which are suitable as dispersants and are of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is oxygen or --CO--O-- when x and y are each 1 or is nitrogen when x+y=3,B is ethylidene or 1,2-propylidene,Z is one of the groups ##STR2## D.sup..crclbar. is formate, acetate, propionate or hydroxide, E.sup..crclbar. is carboxylate or sulfonate,M is a bridge group for completion of a pyrrolidone, succinimide or maleimide ring to give a group ##STR3## n is from 1 to 50, q is from 1 to 4,x and y are each 1 or 2, with the proviso that x+y.ltoreq.3,R.sup.1 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 -alkyl or, when A is oxygen, is C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -alkyl-substituted phenyl,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl andR.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl,a process for their preparation, their use for dispersing finely divided solids in flowable media, and formulations containing the alkoxylation products.
摘要:
Antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, in which the oil phase accounts for from 5 to 50% by weight of the emulsions and consists essentially of a mixture of (a) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids with monohydric to trihydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alcohols, (b) polyglyceryl esters which are obtainable by at least 20% esterification of polyglycerols which contain at least 2 glyceryl units with at least one C.sub.12 -C.sub.36 -fatty acid and (c) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids and polyalkylene glycols, the molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycols being up to 5,000 g/mol, and, if required, (d) long-chain alcohols, fatty esters of alcohols of at least 22 carbon atoms and C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 -carboxylic acids, distillation residues which are obtainable in the preparation of alcohols having a relatively large number of carbon atoms by oxo synthesis or by the Ziegler process and which may be alkoxylated, and/or (e) hydrocarbons having a boiling point above 200.degree. C. or fatty acids of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, are used for controlling foam in pulp digestion, in the beating of paper stock, in papermaking and in the dispersing of pigments for papermaking.
摘要:
Oil demulsifiers are based on an alkoxylate having a polydispersity of at least 1.7, and the alkoxylates are prepared using a metal alcoholate as a catalyst.
摘要:
Copolymers which containa) from 50 to 90% by weight of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl methacrylates, vinyl esters of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -carboxylic acids or mixtures thereof andb) from 10 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids, amides of C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereofas copolymerized units and have molecular masses of from 500 to 30,000 are used in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or dispersion for making leather and furs water repellent.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of ether sulfonates or polyglycol ether sulfonates by reacting an organic alcoholic or phenolic compound or the corresponding alkoxylate in aqueous solution with vinyl sulfonate in the presence of from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of an alkaline catalyst and, if required, additionally in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, and ether sulfonates or polyglycol ether sulfonates prepared by this process and of the general formulaR--O(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.z --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 Xwhere R is H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical (which may contain nitrogen as a heteroatom) of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, n is from 2 to 30, z is from 0 to 300 and X is an alkali metal.