摘要:
An MSK modulator providing a high precision digital phase adjustment with a simple circuit structure. A sample data of a sine wave or cosine wave is read from a memory at an address calculated from an initial address value. The initial address value is set in accordance with the amount of phase to be adjusted. A predetermined number of sample data read from the memory is held, outputted in a predetermined order, and converted into an analog signal. The phase of the converted analog signal is adjusted, and thereafter multiplied by an input baseband signal. The multiplied result is outputted as a modulation signal.
摘要:
A circuit for discriminating the modulation type of a received signal capable of discriminating the modulation type at high speed. This circuit includes: a clock recovery circuit for recovering a data clock from received data; a phase difference detector for detecting a phase difference between the data clock recovered by the clock recovery circuit and the received data; a deviation calculation circuit for calculating a deviation between the phase difference detected by the phase difference detector and a deviation reference value preset in accordance with a modulation type; a squaring circuit for squaring the deviation calculated by the deviation calculation circuit; an average value calculation circuit for calculating an average value of a predetermined plurality number of consecutive ones of the square output calculated by the squaring circuit; and a comparator for comparing the average value calculated by the average value calculation circuit with a predetermined decision reference value and outputting a discrimination signal in accordance with the comparison results.
摘要:
A clock regeneration circuit for regenerating a clock signal for demodulating data from an AM data multiplex modulated signal where digitally modulated signals are multiplexed in the same frequency band as those of an amplitude-modulated signal at the same time. The carrier for an amplitude-modulated signal is extracted from an AM data multiplex modulated signal where digitally modulated signals are multiplexed in the same frequency band as those of the amplitude-modulated signal at the same time through a band-pass filter, and the oscillation frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled by the output of a phase comparator through a loop filter. The oscillation output of the voltage-controlled oscillator is supplied to a direct digital synthesizer and the phase of the carrier extracted through the band-pass filter is compared with the phase of the output of the direct digital synthesizer using the phase comparator. The oscillation output of the voltage-controlled oscillator is then synchronized with the carrier for the amplitude-modulated signal to produce a clock signal for demodulating data.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus includes an optical element via which a patterned beam is projected onto a substrate through exposure liquid filled in a space between the optical element and the substrate. The apparatus also includes a member having a flow passage in which exposure liquid flows, the flow passage being in fluidic communication with the space. The apparatus also includes a cleaning system which cleans the member.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by projecting a pattern image onto the substrate through a liquid. The exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system by which the pattern image is projected onto the substrate, and a movable member which is movable relative to the projection optical system. A liquid-repellent member, at least a part of a surface of which is liquid-repellent, is provided detachably on the movable member, the liquid-repellent member being different from the substrate.
摘要:
There is provided an exposure apparatus capable of forming a desirable device pattern by removing unnecessary liquid when performing exposure by projecting a pattern onto the substrate via a projection optical system and the liquid. The exposure device projects an image of the pattern onto the substrate P via the projection optical system and the liquid so as to expose the substrate P. The exposure device includes a liquid removing mechanism 40 which removes the liquid remaining on a part 7 arranged in the vicinity of the image plane of the projection optical system.
摘要:
A lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table which holds a substrate, a projection system which projects a patterned beam of radiation onto the substrate, the projection system having a final optical element adjacent the substrate, a liquid supply system which provides a liquid to a space between the projection system and the substrate table, and a cleaning system which cleans the substrate table.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus forms an immersion area of a liquid on the side of the image plane of a projection optical system and performs exposure of a substrate via the projection optical system and the liquid of the immersion region. The exposure apparatus has an optical cleaning unit which irradiates a predetermined irradiation light, having an optical cleaning effect, onto, for example, the upper surface of the substrate stage which makes contact with the liquid for forming the immersion area. Thus, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy due to pollution of the member in contact with the liquid in the immersion region.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus forms an immersion area of a liquid on the side of the image plane of a projection optical system and performs exposure of a substrate via the projection optical system and the liquid of the immersion region. The exposure apparatus has an optical cleaning unit which irradiates a predetermined irradiation light, having an optical cleaning effect, onto, for example, the upper surface of the substrate stage which makes contact with the liquid for forming the immersion area. Thus, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy due to pollution of the member in contact with the liquid in the immersion region.
摘要:
An exposure condition is determined in accordance with a moving condition of a substrate (P) relative to a projection optical system so that a pattern image is projected on the substrate (P) in a desired projection state, and the substrate (P) is exposed in the determined exposure condition.