摘要:
An air-fuel ratio estimating device can include an amount of fuel injected calculating unit which can estimate the amount of fuel injected GF for each cycle on the basis of a driving time Tout of a fuel injection valve. A proportional constant calculating section determines a proportional constant K, using the estimated charging efficiency CE and the amount of fuel injected Gf, when the output value of a sensor is in a transition region R. When the sensor output value is not in the transition region R, an air-fuel ratio A/F is estimated from the determined proportional constant K, a charging efficiency CE calculated by a calculating section, and the amount of fuel injected Gf.
摘要:
An ignition timing setting apparatus includes a pulse generator for generating crank pulses corresponding to crank angles, a crank angular speed variation calculating section for calculating a crank angular speed variation based on an interval of the crank pulses, an engine load estimating section for estimating an indicated mean effective pressure from the crank angular speed variation, and an ignition timing determining section having an ignition timing control map for determining an ignition timing advance quantity in accordance with the estimated indicated mean effective pressure and an engine temperature or an engine speed. Such ignition timing setting apparatus sets appropriate ignition timings for avoiding a knocking occurrence load range based on an accurate estimated engine load.
摘要:
To prevent a reduction in engine load detection accuracy due to variations in reluctor size within mass production tolerances, an engine control unit includes a pulse generator PC that detects a reluctor to output crank pulses. An angular velocity calculating unit calculates a first crank angular velocity on the basis of an interval between two crank pulses output in a predetermined section near compression top dead center TDC, and detects near overlap top dead center OLP the same reluctor used for calculating the first crank angular velocity to calculate a second crank angular velocity on the basis of an interval between generated two crank pulses. An engine load estimating unit calculates, as an engine load, a difference between the first crank angular velocity and the second crank angular velocity. The engine load is indicated mean effective pressure over a whole cycle including negative work done by the engine.
摘要:
To prevent a reduction in engine load detection accuracy due to variations in reluctor size within mass production tolerances, an engine control unit includes a pulse generator PC that detects a reluctor to output crank pulses. An angular velocity calculating unit calculates a first crank angular velocity on the basis of an interval between two crank pulses output in a predetermined section near compression top dead center TDC, and detects near overlap top dead center OLP the same reluctor used for calculating the first crank angular velocity to calculate a second crank angular velocity on the basis of an interval between generated two crank pulses. An engine load estimating unit calculates, as an engine load, a difference between the first crank angular velocity and the second crank angular velocity. The engine load is indicated mean effective pressure over a whole cycle including negative work done by the engine.
摘要:
In an alcohol concentration estimation apparatus for an engine, a first crank angular speed (ω1) within a first predetermined interval overlapping with the compression top dead center is calculated, and a first variation amount (Δω1) is calculated by subtracting ω1 from an average engine speed. A second crank angular speed (ω2) within a second predetermined interval overlapping with the combustion bottom dead center is calculated, and a second variation amount (Δω2) is calculated by subtracting ω1 from ω2. In a relationship between air fuel ratio A/F and an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)/charging efficiency (ηc) of the engine when the engine is operated with a predetermined fuel injection map indicating a relationship between A/F and IMEP/ηc for each desired alcohol concentration, IMEP/ηc is substituted by Δω2/Δω1 ratio to estimate an alcohol concentration in fuel. The alcohol concentration estimation apparatus eliminates requirement of sensors for detecting an intake air mass.
摘要:
A workpiece transfer apparatus includes: a feed driving mechanism that drives a transfer bar in a workpiece transfer direction; and a lift/clamp driving mechanism that drives the transfer bar in a lift direction and a clamp direction. The lift/clamp driving mechanism includes: a support of the transfer bar; first and second carriers movable in the clamp direction; first and second carrier driving mechanisms that drive the first and second carriers; a parallel link that rotatably connects the first carrier with the support; and a driving link that rotatably connects a first link of the parallel link and the second carrier. A first guide that guides the first carrier and a second guide that guides the second carrier are parallel to each other and are shifted from each other in the workpiece transfer direction.
摘要:
A display device includes a pair of substrates, a display medium interposed between the pair of substrates, and a pixel including a reflective region for performing reflective display and a transmissive region for performing transmissive display. A voltage is applied to the display medium through at least a pixel electrode and a common electrode, at least one the pixel electrode and the common electrode being provided with a slit. The pixel electrode can be provided with the slit in at least the reflective region, and the common electrode is provided with the slit in the reflective region and/or the transmissive region.
摘要:
A connecting a remaining bar and a movable bar of a transfer bar includes a remaining-side clamp and a movable-side clamp. The clamps respectively have a male fitted portion and a female fitted portion that are fitted to one another around a connecting direction, defining a first connector. A male engagement portion and a female engagement portion are provided inside the clamps defining a second connector. The female engagement portion of the second connector includes a sphere in a form of a movable member moving in a direction orthogonal to the connecting direction. A movement of the sphere effects an engagement and disengagement of the female engagement portion from the male engagement portion.
摘要:
A portable, handheld game console includes a main body incorporating a first display screen, and a cover body incorporating a second display screen. The main body is hingedly connected to the cover body along adjacent forward and rearward edges, respectively, such that the cover body is movable between a closed and open positions. The main body is provided with a plurality of control buttons and a pair of game card slots for receiving game cards of different dimensions. One of the game cards is substantially square and comprises a substantially flat card body having a plurality of electrically conductive terminal strips adjacent the forward edge. One of the side edges of the card has a single continuous step configuration along substantially the entire length dimension of the card. A first notch is formed in a first forward corner of the card where the forward edge meets the other of the pair of side edges and a second notch is formed along the other of the pair of side edges, between the forward and rearward edges.
摘要:
In a dissimilar material joint structure that joins together an anti vibration bar (first member) 14 and a end cap (second member) 15, which is a dissimilar metal material to the anti vibration bar 14, the anti vibration bar 14 is sandwiched by a plurality of end caps (second members) 151 and 152, and these respective end caps 151 and 152 are joined together by welding. Due to contraction of a weld material 153 welding the end caps 151 and 152, the anti vibration bar 14 is sandwiched between the end caps 151 and 152, whereby the anti vibration bar 14 and the end cap 15 are joined. Consequently, a thermal treatment for welding dissimilar metal materials is not required, and the welding operation can be carried out easily.