公开(公告)号：US5883512A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US740255

申请日：1996-10-25

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Franz Ammann

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Franz Ammann

IPC分类号： F26B5/04 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72 ,  B24C1/00 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N1/286 ,  F26B5/04 ,  G01N27/9006

摘要： A method for checking heat exchanger tubes of metallic material includes drying inner surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes. A compressed air-abrasive mixture is then led through the heat exchanger tubes. An eddy-current integrity test of the heat exchanger tubes is then performed.

摘要翻译： 用于检查金属材料的热交换器管的方法包括干燥热交换器管的内表面。 然后将压缩空气研磨混合物引导通过热交换器管。 然后执行热交换器管的涡流完整性测试。

公开(公告)号：US4266261A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

申请号：US51588

申请日：1979-06-25

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Klaus Harsch ,  Peter Schulzke

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Klaus Harsch ,  Peter Schulzke

IPC分类号： F02D41/20 ,  H01H47/32

CPC分类号： H01H47/325 ,  F02D41/20 ,  F02D2041/2017 ,  F02D2041/2031 ,  F02D2041/2037 ,  F02D2041/2058

摘要： A method is proposed for operating an electromagnetic load device with a movable armature, especially an injection valve of an internal combustion engine. The load device is supplied, at the beginning of trigger pulse, with a high amperage current and, at least toward the end of the pulse, with a reduced current. This method is characterized in that, starting with a certain amperage, at which preferably the armature is set into motion but has not as yet reached its final position, the current rise is at least reduced. The apparatus aspect comprises a measuring element and switching element connected in series with the load device. A threshold switch is associated with the measuring element to control the switching element. The switching thresholds of the threshold switch can be controlled in dependence on current and/or on time. The first current threshold is at a value at which the armature of the load is preferably being moved, but has not yet reached its final position. The method and the apparatus achieve a low power operation of the load device with a coincidence factor between the trigger pulse signal and, for example, the switching characteristic of an injection valve. It is essential that the current flow, after the starting current, no longer continue to rise in the same way but rather, if possible, is already somewhat reduced and, after the armature of the load has been attracted, a holding current is established as a function current and/or time. With a view toward a clear cut-out characteristic, a short term current supply to the load is advantageous at the end of the actual trigger pulse signal.

摘要翻译： 提出一种用于操作具有可移动衔铁，特别是内燃机的喷射阀的电磁负载装置的方法。 负载装置在触发脉冲开始时以高电流电流供电，并且至少朝向脉冲的末端以减小的电流供电。 该方法的特征在于，以一定的电流强度开始，优选地，电枢被设定为运动但尚未达到其最终位置，电流上升至少减小。 装置方面包括与负载装置串联连接的测量元件和开关元件。 阈值开关与测量元件相关联，以控制开关元件。 可以根据电流和/或导通时间来控制阈值开关的切换阈值。 第一电流阈值处于负载电枢优选地移动但尚未达到其最终位置的值。 该方法和装置以触发脉冲信号与例如喷射阀的切换特性之间的重合因素实现负载装置的低功率运行。 重要的是，起动电流之后的电流不再以相同的方式继续上升，而是如果可能的话已经有所减少，并且在负载的电枢被吸引之后，保持电流被建立为 功能电流和/或时间。 为了获得明确的切断特性，在实际触发脉冲信号结束时，对负载的短期电流供应是有利的。

公开(公告)号：US4028564A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-07

申请号：US478974

申请日：1974-06-13

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Adolf Kugelmann ,  Hartmut Seiler

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Adolf Kugelmann ,  Hartmut Seiler

IPC分类号： H01L27/06 ,  H03F1/30 ,  H03F3/347 ,  H03K17/14 ,  H03K17/60

CPC分类号： H01L27/0647 ,  H03F1/302 ,  H03F3/347 ,  H03K17/14 ,  H03K17/602 ,  Y10S323/907

摘要： A main semiconductor element is placed on a circuit chip; additionally, a compensating semiconductor element is placed thereon, the compensating semiconductor element being a diode, a substrate diode, a Schottky diode, a transistor with shortcircuited base emitter junction, open base transistor, or a resistor, the additional semiconductor element having one terminal connected to the main semiconductor and the other terminal either to the substrate or to a source of potential at least as large as the potential of the main element. The leakage current to be bypassed may affect the main element directly, particularly when the main element is operated in digital on-off mode, or indirectly by passing a compensating current which affects another element such as an operational amplifier, or provides directly for additional current compensating for leakage current of the main element. Placing the additional element on the same substrate and making the element of approximately the same surface extent provides for comparable passage of compensating leakage current over a wide range of semiconductor crystal temperatures.

摘要翻译： 主要半导体元件放置在电路芯片上; 此外，补偿半导体元件放置在其上，补偿半导体元件是二极管，衬底二极管，肖特基二极管，具有短路基极发射极结的晶体管，开放式基极晶体管或电阻器，所述附加半导体元件具有一个端子连接 至主要半导体和另一个终端或至少与主要元件的电位一样大的衬底或电位源。 要旁路的漏电流可能会直接影响主元件，特别是当主元件以数字开关模式工作时，或间接地通过影响另一元件（例如运算放大器）的补偿电流，或直接提供额外的电流 补偿主元件的漏电流。 将附加元件放置在相同的衬底上并使元件具有大致相同的表面程度，从而在宽的半导体晶体温度范围内提供补偿漏电流的相当的通过。

公开(公告)号：US3946303A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-23

申请号：US461932

申请日：1974-04-18

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Karl Staiger

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Karl Staiger

IPC分类号： G05F3/26 ,  G05F1/56

CPC分类号： G05F1/56

摘要： A voltage regulator of the type suitable for production as a monolithic integrated circuit for use with a separate reference voltage source is composed of a differential amplifier having a so-called current mirror circuit coupling its outputs, followed by a current amplifying circuit from the output of which a feedback voltage obtained from a resistive divider is brought back to one input of the differential amplifier, the other input thereof being for connection to the reference voltage source. Stabilization of the regulator is obtained by connecting a small capacitance, of a magnitude suitable for provision as an element of a monolithic integrated circuit, between one of the poles of the supply voltage and the point of connection between the differential amplifier and the current amplifier circuit. The differential amplifier has a current source between common emitter connection and ground. The stability condition is worked out showing that the sum current of the differential amplifier must be unusually small. When a multi-transistor current amplifier is used, a second small capacitance is connected in to improve performance. The capacitances may be base-collector diodes, base-emitter diodes, MOS elements, or the like.

摘要翻译： 适用于作为用于单独参考电压源的单片集成电路的类型的电压调节器由具有将其输出耦合的所谓电流镜电路的差分放大器组成，其后是来自 其中从电阻分压器获得的反馈电压被带回到差分放大器的一个输入端，其另一个输入端用于连接到参考电压源。 调节器的稳定性通过将适合于作为单片集成电路的元件提供的量级的小电容连接在电源电压的极点与差分放大器与电流放大器电路之间的连接点之间 。 差分放大器在公共发射极连接和地之间具有电流源。 得出稳定性条件，表明差分放大器的和电流必须非常小。 当使用多晶体管电流放大器时，连接第二小电容以提高性能。 电容可以是基极集电极二极管，基极 - 发射二极管，MOS元件等。

公开(公告)号：US4474058A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-02

申请号：US348121

申请日：1982-02-11

申请人： Ulrich Drews ,  Peter Rapps ,  Karl Staiger ,  Klaus Streit

发明人： Ulrich Drews ,  Peter Rapps ,  Karl Staiger ,  Klaus Streit

IPC分类号： G01F1/68 ,  G01F1/698 ,  G01P5/12

CPC分类号： G01F1/698

摘要： An air flow rate meter in an internal combustion engine which functions on the principle of a constant-temperature anemometer is proposed. The device includes a resistance measurement bridge with a regulatable total bridge current, and the relative orientation between the bridge diagonal voltage and the input voltage of a subsequent amplifier is variable. By means of this variation, an adjustment can be made of the set-point and actual curves of the air flow rate meter. In accordance with a first exemplary embodiment, a supplementary current is supplied to one of the connecting lines of the bridge diagonal and the amplifier; in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment, a voltage divider is located between the bridge diagonal points, and one of the voltage divider resistors is connected parallel to an amplifier having a specific offset voltage.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种以恒温风速计为原理的内燃机中的空气流量计。 该器件包括具有可调整总电桥电流的电阻测量桥，并且桥对角线电压和后续放大器的输入电压之间的相对取向是可变的。 通过这种变化，可以对空气流量计的设定点和实际曲线进行调整。 根据第一示例性实施例，辅助电流被提供给桥对角线和放大器的连接线之一; 根据第二示例性实施例，分压器位于桥对角点之间，并且其中一个分压电阻器并联连接到具有特定偏移电压的放大器。

公开(公告)号：US4205635A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-03

申请号：US780744

申请日：1977-03-24

申请人： Dieter Kirn ,  Ulrich Steinbrenner ,  Hans Schnurle ,  Peter Werner ,  Ulrich Drews ,  Klaus Streit ,  Erwin Gloss ,  Helmut Moder

发明人： Dieter Kirn ,  Ulrich Steinbrenner ,  Hans Schnurle ,  Peter Werner ,  Ulrich Drews ,  Klaus Streit ,  Erwin Gloss ,  Helmut Moder

IPC分类号： F02D41/34 ,  F02D41/06 ,  F02D1/04

CPC分类号： F02D41/068

摘要： A fuel mixture control apparatus for an electronic fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. In a warm-up controller, the fuel injection control pulses are lengthened for enrichment of the fuel-air mixture during engine warm-up on the basis of signals supplied by a temperature transducer. In order to make the warm-up enrichment dependent on prevailing engine states, for example on the conditions of idling and partial or full load, circuitry is provided to sense these conditions and to suitably alter the enrichment factor. A further circuit suppresses the dependence or enrichment on engine status during engine starting. Various embodiments are presented.

摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的电子燃料喷射系统的燃料混合物控制装置。 在预热控制器中，基于由温度传感器提供的信号，燃料喷射控制脉冲被延长以便在发动机预热期间富集燃料 - 空气混合物。 为了使预热浓缩取决于当前的发动机状态，例如在空转和部分或全负载的条件下，提供电路以感测这些条件并适当地改变浓缩因子。 进一步的电路抑制发动机启动时对发动机状态的依赖或浓缩。 呈现各种实施例。

公开(公告)号：US4004160A

公开(公告)日：1977-01-18

申请号：US505470

申请日：1974-09-12

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Karl Staiger ,  Gerhard Conzelmann ,  Hartmut Seiler ,  Karl Nagel

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Karl Staiger ,  Gerhard Conzelmann ,  Hartmut Seiler ,  Karl Nagel

IPC分类号： H03H11/24 ,  H01L27/07 ,  H02H3/02 ,  H03K17/06 ,  H03K17/60 ,  H03K17/615 ,  H03K17/00

CPC分类号： H01L27/0772 ,  H02H3/023 ,  H03K17/06 ,  H03K17/602

摘要： A controlled main switch, typically a semiconductor switch, is connected in parallel to the load. In accordance with the invention, an auxiliary switch, typically also a semiconductor switch such as a switching transistor is directly connected across the terminals of the load, and with an impedance, for example a resistance, diode, or Zener diode to the main switch, and controlled to switch in synchronism with the main switch, so that the residual voltage across the load due to inherent voltage drop across the terminals of the switch becomes a minimum. Integrated technology may be used, combining preamplifiers and distribution networks in one monolithic chip.

公开(公告)号：US4429234A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-31

申请号：US316755

申请日：1981-10-30

申请人： Klaus Streit

发明人： Klaus Streit

IPC分类号： H03K17/30 ,  H03K5/153

CPC分类号： H03K17/30

摘要： To permit evaluation of only slowly changing low amplitude undulating signals, derived for example from a wheel-speed transducer of a brake anti-block system, and to obtain essentially square-wave output voltage signals having a 1:1 pulse to pulse gap ratio for further signal processing, a temperature stable threshold switch is provided by connecting transistors forming a difference amplifier and purposely mismatched to the input, the mismatch of the transistors defining the threshold level, and being obtained by mismatch in the output circuit thereof, preferably and for example by using pnp lateral transistors having multiple collectors in which the ratio of length of the partial collectors is other than 1:1, and connected, preferably, to a current mirror which has its output connected to the partial collector of the other of the pnp lateral transistors. The circuit can be further expanded by connection of the output to a flipflop to provide a true square-wave output, and may be made independent of input connection by providing input transistor circuitry, preferably in form of an emitter-follower. Rather than forming partial collectors of the lateral transistors of unequal ratio, the transistors forming the current mirror may be constructed to have different emitter surfaces; or both partial unequal collectors, or equivalents, and current mirror emitters or equivalents, can be used.

摘要翻译： 为了允许评估由例如来自制动器防块系统的车轮速度传感器导出的缓慢变化的低振幅波动信号，并且获得具有1：1脉冲间隔比的基本方波输出电压信号， 通过进一步的信号处理，通过将构成差分放大器的晶体管连接到输入有目的地不匹配，限定阈值电平的晶体管的失配，并通过其输出电路中的失配获得，获得温度稳定阈值开关 通过使用具有多个集电极的pnp横向晶体管，其中部分集电极的长度比例不是1：1，并且优选地连接到电流镜，其电流反射镜的输出连接到pnp侧面的另一个的部分集电极 晶体管。 可以通过将输出连接到触发器来进一步扩展电路以提供真正的方波输出，并且可以通过提供优选地以射极跟随器的形式的输入晶体管电路而与输入连接无关。 不是形成不等比率的横向晶体管的部分集电极，而是形成电流镜的晶体管可以被构造为具有不同的发射极表面; 或两个部分不相等的收集器或等同物，以及电流镜子发射器或等同物。

公开(公告)号：US4335346A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-15

申请号：US235757

申请日：1981-02-18

申请人： Klaus Streit

发明人： Klaus Streit

IPC分类号： G05F3/26 ,  G05F3/30 ,  G05F3/20

CPC分类号： G05F3/30 ,  Y10S323/907

摘要： The current flowing through a reference resistor constitutes the temperature independent output voltage. This current consists of the sum of a first and second current. The first current is a current which is proportional to absolute temperature and has an amplitude which depends on the value of the first resistor. The second current is proportional to the base-emitter voltage of a transistor and its amplitude depends on the value of the second resistor. The values of the first and second resistor are fixed so that the temperature coefficient of the current flowing through the reference resistor is zero. Specifically, one end of the reference resistor is connected to one side of the operating voltage source while the other side is connected through a series circuit including the emitter-collector circuit of the first transistor and the first resistor to ground potential. A second circuit is connected in parallel with the first circuit. The second circuit consists of the emitter-collector circuit of a second transistor and the second resistor. A semiconductor voltage divider has a first and second tap connected to the base of the first and second transistor, respectively. A constant current is supplied to the voltage divider, either by a constant current source or by a circuit mirroring the current flow through the reference resistor. The values of the first and second resistor are fixed so that the temperature coefficient of the current flowing through the reference resistor is zero.

摘要翻译： 流过参考电阻的电流构成独立于温度的输出电压。 该电流由第一和第二电流的总和组成。 第一电流是与绝对温度成比例的电流并且具有取决于第一电阻器的值的幅度。 第二个电流与晶体管的基极 - 发射极电压成比例，其幅度取决于第二个电阻的值。 第一和第二电阻器的值是固定的，使得流过参考电阻器的电流的温度系数为零。 具体地，参考电阻的一端连接到工作电压源的一侧，而另一端通过包括第一晶体管的发射极 - 集电极电路和第一电阻器的串联电路连接到地电位。 第二电路与第一电路并联连接。 第二电路由第二晶体管的发射极 - 集电极电路和第二电阻组成。 半导体分压器具有分别连接到第一和第二晶体管的基极的第一和第二抽头。 恒定电流通过恒定电流源或反射电流通过参考电阻的电路提供给分压器。 第一和第二电阻器的值是固定的，使得流过参考电阻器的电流的温度系数为零。

公开(公告)号：US4300508A

公开(公告)日：1981-11-17

申请号：US67643

申请日：1979-08-17

申请人： Klaus Streit ,  Walter Buxmeyer ,  Peter Schulzke ,  Klaus Harsch

发明人： Klaus Streit ,  Walter Buxmeyer ,  Peter Schulzke ,  Klaus Harsch

IPC分类号： F02D41/20 ,  H01H47/32 ,  F02D5/00 ,  H01F7/18

CPC分类号： F02D41/20 ,  H01H47/325 ,  F02D2041/2017 ,  F02D2041/2058

摘要： An installation for the operation of electromagnetic loads, especially solenoid valves, in fuel supply systems in internal combustion engines, wherein a measuring resistor as well as a switch are connected in series with the load and the entire arrangement is connected to the two supply voltage terminals. The installation comprises two comparators connected in parallel with the measuring resistor, at least one resistor being connected in front of these comparators, and controllable current source arranged between the junction of the threshold switch and the resistor in the proximity of the load, as well as a supply voltage terminal. The supply voltage of one of the comparators is made dependent on the voltage in the freewheel circuit, to maintain at least one of the comparators in the operating position even during freewheeling operation.

摘要翻译： 用于在内燃机的燃料供应系统中操作电磁负载（特别是电磁阀）的装置，其中测量电阻器和开关与负载串联连接，并且整个装置连接到两个电源电压端子 。 该装置包括两个与测量电阻并联的比较器，至少一个电阻器连接在这些比较器的前面，以及可控电流源，其布置在负载附近的阈值开关和电阻器的结点之间，以及 电源电压端子。 比较器之一的电源电压取决于续流电路中的电压，即使在续流操作期间也将至少一个比较器保持在工作位置。