摘要:
Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.
摘要:
Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.
摘要:
A diagnostic system and method for an electric power steering system are provided. The diagnostic system includes a first microprocessor that determines a first relative position value indicating the relative rotational position of the rotatable shaft at the first time based on the signals from first and second position sensors. A second microprocessor determines a second relative position value indicating the relative rotational position of the rotatable shaft at the first time based on the signals from third and fourth position sensors. The first microprocessor determines whether the first relative position value is an acceptable value based on a difference between the first relative position value and the second relative position value.
摘要:
An electrode composition comprises a silicon powder comprising non-crystalline and crystalline silicon, where the crystalline silicon is present in the silicon powder at a concentration of no more than about 20 wt. %. An electrode for an electrochemical cell comprises an electrochemically active material comprising non-crystalline silicon and crystalline silicon, where the non-crystalline silicon and the crystalline silicon are present prior to cycling of the electrode. A method of controlling the crystallinity of a silicon powder includes heating a reactor to a temperature of no more than 650° C. and flowing a feed gas comprising silane and a carrier gas into the reactor while maintaining an internal reactor pressure of about 2 atm or less. The silane decomposes to form a silicon powder having a controlled crystallinity and comprising non-crystalline silicon.
摘要:
The present invention provides solid oxide fuel cells, solid oxide electrolyzer cells, solid oxide sensors, components of any of the foregoing, and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell comprises an air electrode (or cathode), a fuel electrode (or anode), an electrolyte interposed between the air electrode and the fuel electrode, and at least one electrode-electrolyte transition layer. Other embodiments provide novel methods of producing nano-scale films and/or surface modifications comprising one or more metal oxides to form ultra-thin (yet fully-dense) electrolyte layers and electrode coatings. Such layers and coatings may provide greater ionic conductivity and increased operating efficiency, which may lead to lower manufacturing costs, less-expensive materials, lower operating temperatures, smaller-sized fuel cells, electrolyzer cells, and sensors, and a greater number of applications.
摘要:
The invention relates to the mda-7 gene, its encoded protein and fragments of the protein. Several of these fragments of the MDA-7 protein exhibit antiproliferative activity and/or inhibited the activity of intact MDA-7. Accordingly, the invention provides, among other things, for methods and compositions that may be used in the treatment of disorders of cell proliferation, including cancer.
摘要:
An in-tank fuel supply unit self cleans the mesh filter of the primary fuel pump, thereby permitting smaller mesh sizes to decrease pump wear and increase the life of the pump. Generally, the in-tank fuel supply unit includes a reservoir, an auxiliary fuel pump, a primary fuel pump and a filter. Fuel exiting the auxiliary fuel pump outlet is directed towards the filter to wash debris from the filter. Preferably a swirling flow is generated within the reservoir, or the system in run in an overflow condition to assist in the self cleaning of the fuel filter.
摘要:
A fuel pump includes a housing, and a motor. A single sided impeller has first and second impeller flow channels each including a plurality of vanes. The impeller defines a flow passageway extending therethrough. A cover is attached to the housing and has a cover surface that defines first and second cover flow channels. The cover flow channels receive fuel from inlets formed in the cover. The first and second cover flow channels are aligned with the first and second impeller flow channels and receive fuel through the inlets and deliver fuel to outlets. A body is positioned within the housing and defines an impeller chamber to receive the impeller, and a first outlet passageway fluidically connected to the first cover flow channel and impeller flow channel. A second outlet passageway formed within the cover is fluidically connected to the second cover flow channel and impeller flow channel.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the discovery, identification and characterization of an eight genes that are differentially expressed as a consequence of metastatic progression in human melanoma cells. Six of the identified metastasis elevated genes (MEG genes), encode for known proteins (MEG-1 through MEG-6). However, two of the identified genes, referred to herein as MEG-7 and MEG-8, represent novel genes. The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the metastatic potential of cancer cells through inhibition of the MEG genes/gene products, as well as diagnostic methods for determining the metastatic potential of cells. The invention further relates to novel MEG-7 and MEG-8 nucleotides, host cell expression systems, MEG-7 and MEG-8 proteins, fusion proteins, and antibodies to the MEG-7 and MEG-8. The present invention also relates to the discovery that inhibition of the mda-9 gene (also referred to as syntenin), a gene found to be upregulated in metastatic cancer cells, results in a decrease in the invasive and migratory properties of such cells. Thus, the present invention relates also to methods and compositions for inhibiting mda-9/syntenin activity.
摘要:
The nucleic acid sequence of the human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter-2 Gene (hEAAT2) promoter, a nucleic acid sequence that hybridizes to the hEAAT2 promoter nucleic acid sequence under stringent hybridization conditions, and a nucleic acid sequence that is functionally equivalent to the hEAAT2 promoter sequence are provided, as are vectors containing these nucleic acid sequences. In addition, methods for the use of these nucleic acids to achieve tissue- or cell-specific gene expression are provided, as are methods for the use of these hEAAT2 promoter nucleic acids to identify agents that can modulate glutamate transport or the activity of the glutamate promoter. Such agents may be useful in the prevention, palliation or treatment of neurodegenerative and/or cerebrovascular diseases.