摘要:
A method of using a material as an acoustical barrier in an ambient medium. The material comprises microbubbles having average outer diameters of 5 to 150 microns, bound together at their contact points. The material is characterized by either a porosity of 20 to 60 percent, or by voids between the microbubbles which have characteristic diameter within an order of magnitude of the viscous skin depth of the ambient medium, as calculated at 1 kHz; an air flow resistivity of 0.5.times.10.sup.4 to 4.times.10.sup.7 mks rayls/meter, and an attenuation of sound comparable to mass law performance. The microbubbles can be sintered into direct contact with each other, or one of many types of binder material can be used to support the microbubbles within a composite material. The method may be practiced in an acoustical system comprising a sound source and the material, such as by placing a muffler comprising the material substantially in a direct path of a fluid; and also in applications requiring high specific stiffness and flexural strength.
摘要:
Enclosure 1 constructed of panels 20 which can be joined by tongue and groove or press fit spline 46 and groove 26 technique. Acoustic shielding is achieved by properly selected materials of construction, e.g. syntactic, cellular composites.The doorway 10 of the enclosure is closed by a door 210 penetrated only by a guide 175. The latch mechanism 170 and 340 seals the door against the door jamb 185 by means of cam rollers 316 which engage indentations 189 (which may have specialized cam surfaces or inclined surfaces) along the door frame. The latch mechanism can be actuated from either side of the door by mechanical means engaging the guide.
摘要:
Enclosure 1 constructed of panels 20 which can be joined by tongue and groove or press fit spline 46 and groove 26 technique. Acoustic shielding is achieved by properly selected materials of construction, e.g. syntactic, cellular composites. The doorway 10 of the enclosure is closed by a door 210 penetrated only by a guide 175. The latch mechanism 170 and 340 seals the door against the door jamb 185 by means of cam rollers 316 which engage indentations 189 (which may have specialized cam surfaces or inclined surfaces) along the door frame. The latch mechanism can be actuated from either side of the door by mechanical means engaging the guide.
摘要:
The invention provides an acoustical attenuator comprising:a porous material comprised of particles sintered and/or bonded together at their points of contact, having at least a portion of pores continuously connected, wherein said porous material has an interstitial porosity of about 20 to about 60 percent, an average pore diameter of about 5 to about 280 micrometers, a tortuosity of about 1.25 to about 2.5, a density of about 5 to about 60 pounds per cubic foot, a modulus of about 12,000 pounds per square inch or above, wherein said porous material has at least one through hole and wherein said interstitial porosity, average pore diameter, density and modulus values are for the porous material in the absence of any through holes, wherein the average diameter of the through hole is greater than the average pore diameter.
摘要:
A virtual image display device has a lens array and a virtual image substrate disposed behind the lens array. The virtual image substrate is provided with a virtual image pattern registered to lenses of the lens array. In some embodiments the virtual image pattern can include grey scale information, where the grey scale information includes information in at least one of color and shape. In a static virtual image substrate, the virtual image information can include pixels of at least two different colors. An optical mask can have a virtual image pattern arranged so that a virtual image of an object appears to a viewer when a lens array is applied to the mask. In other embodiments, an optical mask can include an intermediate virtual image pattern containing information for manufacturing a virtual image substrate.
摘要:
A process comprises imagewise exposing at least a portion of a photoreactive composition to light sufficient to cause simultaneous absorption of at least two photons/thereby inducing at least one acid- or radical-initiated chemical reaction where the composition is exposed to the light, the imagewise exposing being carried out in a pattern that is effective to define at least the surface of a plurality of light extraction structures. Each one of the array of light extraction structures has at least one shape factor; the shape factor may vary across the array. At least one light extraction structure may have the geometric configuration of a truncated asphere.
摘要:
An optical sheet (25) for spreading light has a substantially smooth surface (27), and a structured surface (28) comprising an array of prisms (30, 31). A beam of light that is to be spread is directed through the film from the smooth surface. Some of the prisms (termed “refraction prisms”) deviate normally-incident light only by refraction at a prism facet as the light leaves the film while others (termed “reflection prisms”) deviates normally-incident light by total internal reflection within the prism before the light leaves the film. There are a plurality of reflection prisms (30) selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles and a plurality of refraction prisms (31) selected to deviate the normally-incident light through different angles, and they are arranged, preferably in a non-ordered manner, so that successive reflection prisms are separated by at least one refraction prism. In alternative embodiments, the structured surface comprises a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of reflection prisms selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles, or a non-ordered arrangement of a plurality of refraction prisms selected to deviate normally-incident light through different angles.
摘要:
Light management film constructions contain a first optical film having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The first major surface is a microstructured surface with asymmetrical structures. The asymmetrical structures form an ordered arrangement of a plurality of multi-sided refractive prisms, with the multi-sided refractive prisms having a cross section of 3 or greater sides. A second optical film contacts and is bonded to substantially all of the structures of the first major structured surface of the first optical film. The light management constructions can be incorporated into optical articles such as windows.
摘要:
Solar light redirecting glazing units include light redirecting and light diffusing constructions. The solar light redirecting glazing units may include a glazing substrate, a visible light diffusing layer, and a light redirecting layer oriented such that incoming solar light contacts the visible light diffusing layer before contacting the light redirecting layer. The solar light redirecting glazing units may include a glazing substrate, a patterned visible light diffusing layer, and a light redirecting layer. The solar light redirecting glazing units may include two glazing substrates separated by an intervening space with a solar light redirecting layer disposed on one glazing substrate, and a visible light diffusing layer disposed on the other glazing substrate.
摘要:
A virtual image (VI) device displays an image that appears to lie above or below the plane of the device. A method of manufacturing a VI display device includes calculating an initial VI flux pattern based on an object and then fabricating a substrate having a VI array pattern based on the initial VI flux pattern. A plurality of lenses may then be applied over the VI array pattern. The VI substrate may be static or dynamic, and may show grey scale information. A photomask may be used as an intermediate element in the manufacture of the VI substrate, or may act as the VI substrate itself. A method of producing the initial VI flux pattern includes virtually tracing rays generated by different points of the object to an image plane and ii) summing the rays from the different points. The rays may be traced through a lens array.