摘要:
In an internal combustion engine, fuel is injected directly into a combustion chamber by an injector that has a piezoactuator. An electrical charge conveyed to and/or removed from the piezoactuator is ascertained by a method that is calibrated at least once during an operating time span of the internal combustion engine. To allow the calibration to be carried out or performed as often as possible, the method for ascertaining the electrical charge transferred to and/or removed from the piezoactuator may be calibrated during at least one triggering off-time (dtK) of the piezoactuator while the internal combustion engine is operating.
摘要:
In an internal combustion engine, fuel is injected directly into a combustion chamber by an injector that has a piezoactuator. An electrical charge conveyed to and/or removed from the piezoactuator is ascertained by a method that is calibrated at least once during an operating time span of the internal combustion engine. To allow the calibration to be carried out or performed as often as possible, the method for ascertaining the electrical charge transferred to and/or removed from the piezoactuator may be calibrated during at least one triggering off-time (dtK) of the piezoactuator while the internal combustion engine is operating.
摘要:
A method for determining the activation voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of at least one injector which is used to inject a liquid volume under high pressure into a cavity, in particular into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the activation voltage being varied as a function of the pressure used to pressurize the liquid volume. A drift of the activation voltage (voltage requirement) required for a predefined lift of a control valve of the injector is controlled on an injector-specific basis by controlling the difference between the cutoff-voltage threshold and the final steady-state voltage to a setpoint value predefined for one operating point.
摘要:
A method for determining the activation voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of at least one injector which is used to inject a liquid volume under high pressure into a cavity, in particular into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the activation voltage being varied as a function of the pressure used to pressurize the liquid volume. A drift of the activation voltage (voltage requirement) required for a predefined lift of a control valve of the injector is controlled on an injector-specific basis by controlling the difference between the cutoff-voltage threshold and the final steady-state voltage to a setpoint value predefined for one operating point.
摘要:
A positioner includes a capacitative element with which an ohmic resistance is connected in parallel. The value of the ohmic resistance is sensed at specific points in time. To enhance operating reliability during operation of the positioner, correct functioning of the ohmic resistance is monitored, and a fault signal is outputted upon detection of a malfunction.
摘要:
In an apparatus and a method for monitoring a drive unit of a vehicle and/or components allocated thereto, a torque variable is determined that characterizes the torque requirement of the drive unit and/or the allocated components. Faults are recognized on the basis of the torque variable and/or a variable on the basis of which the torque variable is determined.
摘要:
A positioner includes a capacitative element with which an ohmic resistance is connected in parallel. The value of the ohmic resistance is sensed at specific points in time. To enhance operating reliability during operation of the positioner, correct functioning of the ohmic resistance is monitored, and a fault signal is outputted upon detection of a malfunction.
摘要:
An integrated circuit coupling device includes an integrated circuit package with N integrated circuit layers (L1-LN) arranged as a 3D stack; and a data transmission medium with n data transmission layers (l1-ln), wherein n≧1 and N≧2, and wherein the N integrated circuit layers are electrically connectable to the n data transmission layers.
摘要:
An exemplary combustor includes at least a portion having an inner liner and an outer cover plate, which together form an interposed cooling chamber. A plurality of hollow elements extend from the liner and protrude into the cooling chamber. Each hollow element defines a damping volume connected to an inner volume of the combustion chamber via a calibrated duct. During operation, the hollow elements damp pressure pulsations and, in addition, also transfer heat.
摘要:
A lighting system comprising a first light source, which is adapted to generate light of a first color, and at least one second light source, which is adapted to generate light of a second color, wherein the light sources are driven so as to generate a predeterminable color sequence, wherein the light sources are operated by a common control unit and driven by said control unit in the sequence required for generating the predeterminable color sequence. The light sources are connected in parallel and are electrically coupled to an energy supply unit via a first circuit node. The lighting system comprises a regulator unit and coupled to the control unit via a signal line, and wherein the control unit is adapted to predetermine a desired energy output of the energy supply unit via the regulator unit, to be precise depending on the individual color within the color sequence.