摘要:
In an engine braking method and an internal combustion engine including an engine braking arrangement, wherein the engine has high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas turbochargers connected in series, with a bypass (12) around the high-pressure compressor allowing the air mass flow selectively to bypass the high pressure compressor which is arranged near the engine, and bypasses around both turbines permitting the exhaust gas mass flow selectively to bypass the high-pressure exhaust gas turbine which is near the engine and also the low pressure turbine the intake air and the exhaust gas flow are controlled so as to accurately provide for a desired engine braking power for example for maintaining a desired vehicle speed.
摘要:
In an engine braking method and an internal combustion engine including an engine braking arrangement, wherein the engine has high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas turbochargers connected in series, with a bypass (12) around the high-pressure compressor allowing the air mass flow selectively to bypass the high pressure compressor which is arranged near the engine, and bypasses around both turbines permitting the exhaust gas mass flow selectively to bypass the high-pressure exhaust gas turbine which is near the engine and also the low pressure turbine the intake air and the exhaust gas flow are controlled so as to accurately provide for a desired engine braking power for example for maintaining a desired vehicle speed.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a multilayered composite molded part in a pressing tool, comprises: for a lower layer, particles provided with binder are poured into a mold in a lower part of the pressing tool; a pre-pressed molded part, which has coarser particles than those of the lower layer, is inserted into the first layer; the layers are compressed together with the pre-pressed, inserted molded part under the influence of pressure and heat so as to form the multilayered composite molded part, via the inserted molded part corresponding to the lower layer by means of an upper part of the pressing tool which is guided onto the upper layer. A product manufactured thereby has the form of a multilayered composite molded part with high strength and finely structured outer surfaces or layers and combines within it advantages of various conventional individual products.
摘要:
In a method for signalling a noise substitution when coding an audio signal, the time-domain audio signal is first transformed into the frequency domain to obtain spectral values. The spectral values are subsequently grouped together to form groups of spectral values. On the basis of a detection establishing whether a group of spectral values is a noisy group or not, a codebook is allocated to a non-noisy or tonal group by means of a codebook number for redundancy coding of the same. If a group is noisy, an additional codebook number which does not refer to a codebook is allocated to it in order to signal that this group is noisy and therefore does not have to be redundancy coded. By signalling noise substitution by means of a Huffman codebook number for noisy groups of spectral values, which are e.g. sections made up of scale factor bands which do not have to be redundancy coded, an opportunity is provided to indicate the presence of a noise substitution in a scale factor band in the bit stream syntax of the MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Standard without having to interfere with the basic coding structure and without having to meddle with the structure of the existing bit stream syntax.
摘要:
A foil for forming a surface protection layer on a profiled body is produced by a method including forming a carrier foil impregnated with an impregnating resin which is an aqueous condensation resin having a higher volatile component content during coating and a lower volatile component content during lacquering, and applying a lacquer layer of a lacquer which is an aqueous system of a polymerisate containing an OH-group, wherein the foil prior to its application on the profile body has a relatively low end moisture.
摘要:
A covering profile for structures is manufactured by pressing a non-swelling mixture of fibrous materials and thermosetting binding agent. The covering profile has an elongated body whose upper surface is provided with grooves extending parallel to the elongation of the body and being regularly spaced from each other. Associated to each groove in the upper surface are two countergrooves in the rear surface of the body. The method for manufacturing a so-shaped covering profile includes the prepressing in a prepressing tool having plane surfaces while the grooves and countergrooves are produced in the hot pressing.
摘要:
To provide a communication system for data interchange between electrical appliances in electrical installation engineering which is distinguished by a simple topology and low installation complexity, provision is made for quasi-stationary electrical fields with a high-frequency AC current to be used to achieve signal coupling to electrically conductive element which are present in the installation arrangement for the purpose of capacitive near-field communication.
摘要:
In a method for determination of a change in volumetric efficiency for an internal combustion engine, a reference volumetric efficiency is determined in advance. A first actual volumetric efficiency value which corresponds to a sensor error, is then determined at a first measurement point in a first rotational speed range in which a change in the flow losses in an intake tract has only a minor effect on the volumetric efficiency. A second actual volumetric efficiency value is determined at a second measurement point in a second rotational speed range that is greater than the first rotational speed range. The second actual volumetric efficiency value is corrected by means of the first actual volumetric efficiency value, and the change in volumetric efficiency is determined from the reference volumetric efficiency and the corrected second actual volumetric efficiency.
摘要:
A method of coding stereo audio spectral values first carries out grouping of those values in scale factor bands, with which scale factors are associated. Sections are formed next, each comprising at least one scale factor band. The spectral values are coded within at least one section with a code book assigned to the section, out of a plurality of code books each with a code book number assigned to it, the number of the code book used being transmitted as side information to the coded stereo audio spectral values. At least one additional code book number is provided, which does not refer to a code book but shows information relevant to the section to which it is assigned. A method of decoding stereo audio spectral values which are partly coded by the intensity stereo process and which have side information uses the relevant information, showing the additional code book numbers, to cancel the existing coding of the stereo audio spectral values.
摘要:
In the coding and decoding of stereo audio spectral values both the intensity stereo process and prediction are used in order to achieve high data compression. If intensity stereo coding is active in one section of scale factor bands, the prediction for the right channel in that range is deactivated, whereby the results of the prediction are not used to form the coded stereo audio spectral values. To allow further adaptation of the prediction for the right channel, the predictor of the right channel is fed with stereo audio spectral values for the channel, which again are intensity stereo decoded.