公开(公告)号：US4347511A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US135898

申请日：1980-03-31

申请人： Otto Hofmann ,  Walter Kroy ,  Peter Nave

发明人： Otto Hofmann ,  Walter Kroy ,  Peter Nave

IPC分类号： G01C21/00 ,  G01S13/89

CPC分类号： G01C21/005

摘要： In the disclosed apparatus, a reference image sensor continuously scans a lmed atlas of images representing terrain being overflown while a second sensor simultaneously scans the terrain. A correlator compares the signal and the reference image sensor describes a course, corresponding to that of the flying body, over the film, in response to control signals based upon the correlation results. The reference image sensor reads only the area of the film around the course.

摘要翻译： 在所公开的装置中，参考图像传感器连续扫描表示正在溢出的地形的图像的成像图，而第二传感器同时扫描地形。 响应于基于相关结果的控制信号，相关器比较信号和参考图像传感器描述与电影相对应的飞行体的路线。 参考图像传感器只读取胶片周围的区域。

公开(公告)号：US4278879A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US51062

申请日：1979-06-22

申请人： Otto Hofmann ,  Georg Nagler

发明人： Otto Hofmann ,  Georg Nagler

IPC分类号： G07F7/02 ,  G06K5/00 ,  G06K13/07 ,  G06K19/06

CPC分类号： G07F7/02 ,  G06Q20/3437

摘要： A switching arrangement for the recording of value balance information on a magnetic track disposed on a charge card. The arrangement is characterized in that a balancing circuit is connected to a reading-writing device with reading and writing heads and to a debiting circuit as well as to a balance recording device.

公开(公告)号：US20120004819A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-05

申请号：US13174205

申请日：2011-06-30

申请人： Jianbo Lu ,  Roland Schaefer ,  Peter W.A. Zegelaar ,  Gilberto Burgio ,  Monika Derflinger ,  Otto Hofmann

发明人： Jianbo Lu ,  Roland Schaefer ,  Peter W.A. Zegelaar ,  Gilberto Burgio ,  Monika Derflinger ,  Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： B60T8/17 ,  B60T8/32 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： B60T7/22 ,  B60T8/3275 ,  B60T2201/022 ,  B60T2201/024 ,  B60T2201/03 ,  B60W10/18 ,  B60W2030/082

摘要： A method and system for providing braking assistance in a motor vehicle after an initial collision involves detecting an initial collision, pre-charging a brake system, detecting an intent to brake on the part of a driver, and providing assistance to a braking process by means of a braking assistance system on the basis of the detection of the initial collision and the detection of intent to brake on the part of the driver.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在初始碰撞之后在机动车辆中提供制动辅助的方法和系统涉及检测初始碰撞，对制动系统进行预充电，检测驾驶员部分上的制动意图，以及通过装置提供对制动过程的辅助 基于初始碰撞的检测和驾驶员部分的制动意图的检测来制动辅助系统。

公开(公告)号：US4689748A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-25

申请号：US842066

申请日：1986-03-20

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  G01C11/08

CPC分类号： G01C11/025

摘要： A device for use on aircraft or spacecraft provides data corresponding to the course and orientation of the craft, and a digital display of the terrain over which the craft is travelling. The device includes at least first, second and third sensor lines consisting of parallel rows of photosensitive semiconductor elements arranged transversely of the flight path of the craft. The sensor lines provide line images corresponding to terrain images directed onto the lines, and the lines are spaced apart from each other so that a first terrain image sensed by the lines during a first scanning period partially overlaps a second terrain image sensed by the lines during a second, successive scanning period. The device also includes a lens system for continuously directing the terrain images onto the lines, and systems for reading out and storing the line images from the sensor lines during each scanning period and for correlating certain picture reference points in the second terrain image with the same picture reference points in the first terrain image. A computer then operates to determine the orientation of the second terrain image in accordance with intersections, at each of the picture reference points on the terrain, of homologous image rays produced during the first and second scanning periods.

摘要翻译： 用于飞机或航天器的装置提供对应于飞行器的航向和方向的数据，以及飞行器所在的地形的数字显示。 该装置包括至少第一，第二和第三传感器线，其包括横向于飞行器的飞行路径布置的平行的感光半导体元件行。 传感器线提供对应于指向线路的地形图像的线图像，并且线路彼此间隔开，使得在第一扫描周期期间由线路感测的第一地形图像部分地与由线路感测的第二地形图像重叠 第二个连续的扫描周期。 该装置还包括用于将地形图像连续地引导到线上的透镜系统，以及用于在每个扫描周期期间从传感器线读出和存储线图像的系统，以及用于将第二地形图像中的某些图像参考点与其相关联 第一个地形图像中的图片参考点。 然后，计算机操作以根据在第一和第二扫描周期期间产生的同源图像光线在地形上的每个图像参考点处的交叉点来确定第二地形图像的取向。

公开(公告)号：US4200934A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-29

申请号：US891291

申请日：1978-03-29

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01J1/44 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G01J3/42 ,  H04N5/14

CPC分类号： G01J1/44 ,  G06T1/0007

摘要： The analog output signals of a photoelectric image converter or transducer are passed through an analog-to-digital converter and then corrected to take various irregularities of the optical sensor elements of the transducer into account. A reference signal and a dark signal are subtracted from the individual image point signals. The difference is then multiplied by a factor representing the slope of the characteristic response curve of the respective optical sensor element. The so corrected signal may be used for further processing or it may be subjected to a further correction operation.

摘要翻译： 光电图像转换器或换能器的模拟输出信号通过模拟数字转换器，然后被校正以考虑传感器的光学传感器元件的各种不规则性。 从各个图像点信号中减去参考信号和暗信号。 然后将差值乘以表示相应光学传感器元件的特征响应曲线的斜率的因子。 这样校正的信号可以用于进一步的处理，或者可以进行进一步的校正操作。

公开(公告)号：US5043924A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

申请号：US247958

申请日：1988-09-22

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  H04N1/191 ,  H04N1/193 ,  H04N3/30

CPC分类号： H04N1/191 ,  G01C11/025 ,  H04N1/193 ,  H04N3/30

摘要： The invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for scanning the terrain surface and other objects transversely to the flight direction or direction of motion of the scanner with a detector row arranged perpendicularly to the direction of scanning and containing several individual detectors of equal size, wherein the terrain- or object strip to be scanned is divided into various distance ranges, within which the fundamental detector signals within the detector row as well as of consecutive exposure periods are collated respectively in such a way by averaging, that the collated individual signals form or cover respectively one object pixel of approximately constant magnitude independent of the scanning distance, and wherein these object pixels stand always at right angles with respect to the scanning beam and where each scanning sweep produces a terrain- or object strip with approximately equal object pixel size as well as constant object pixel number along the width and length of the scanned strip. This method and apparatus eliminates the known deficiency of opto-mechanical scanners, whose scanned strips have changeable strip widths as a function of the scanning distance.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于扫描地面和其它物体横向于扫描仪的飞行方向或运动方向的扫描仪的方法和装置，其具有垂直于扫描方向布置的检测器排，并且包含若干个具有相同尺寸的单独检测器， 其中待扫描的地形或物体条被划分成各种距离范围，在该距离范围内，探测器行内的基本检测器信号以及连续的曝光周期分别以这样的方式对照，以便整理的各个信号形成 或分别覆盖与扫描距离无关的近似恒定大小的一个物体像素，并且其中这些物体像素相对于扫描光束始终保持直角，并且其中每个扫描扫描产生具有近似相等的物体像素尺寸的地形或物体条 以及沿着宽度和长度o的恒定对象像素数 f扫描条。 该方法和装置消除了光机械扫描器的已知缺陷，其扫描条具有作为扫描距离的函数的可变带宽。

公开(公告)号：US4984892A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-15

申请号：US313086

申请日：1989-02-21

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01S3/789 ,  G02B23/12 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B27/64

CPC分类号： G01S3/789 ,  G02B23/12 ,  G02B26/0891 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B27/642

摘要： A spherical space, especially a hemispherical space, is scanned by an optical scanner for the presence of a target in the scanned spaced. The optical scanner includes an objective lens (4) which scans the space through an optical deflector (1 or 7) arranged upstream of the objective lens and rotatable about two axes, one of which is the optical axis (2, 3) of the objective lens. At least one tiltable prism (5) is arranged downstream of the objective lens (4). At least one row of sensors (6) is arranged downstream of the prism (5) for converting received optical signals into respective electrical signals which are processed under control of a central processing unit (CPU) including a computer and memory (21). Drives (9, 16) controlled by the CPU rotate the deflectors (1 or 7) about the two axes (2, 3) extending perpendicularly to each other. The imaging speed at which an image passes the detector row (6) is always constant independently of the instantaneous viewing or scanning direction.

摘要翻译： 通过光学扫描仪扫描球形空间，特别是半球形空间，以扫描间隔开的目标的存在。 光学扫描仪包括物镜（4），该物镜通过布置在物镜上游的光学偏转器（1或7）扫描空间，并可围绕两个轴线旋转，其中一个轴是物镜的光轴（2,3） 镜片。 至少一个可倾斜棱镜（5）布置在物镜（4）的下游。 至少一行传感器（6）布置在棱镜（5）的下游，用于将接收到的光信号转换成在包括计算机和存储器（21）的中央处理单元（CPU）的控制下处理的各个电信号。 由CPU控制的驱动器（9,16）围绕彼此垂直延伸的两个轴线（2,3）旋转偏转器（1或7）。 图像通过检测器行（6）的成像速度总是保持恒定，与瞬时观察或扫描方向无关。

公开(公告)号：US4747574A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-31

申请号：US863703

申请日：1986-05-15

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  H01J3/14

CPC分类号： G01C11/025

摘要： In the disclosed device, a lens arrangement focuses light upon a detecting sensor arrangement as a vehicle passes over an object, such as the ground, whose surface is to be determined. An optical device slews the path of light to the lens arrangement from left to right relative to the direction of vehicle movement. In one embodiment, a four-part prism rotating on an axis along the direction of vehicle movement passes light through three lenses angled down, for, and aft the vertical and separate radiation detectors simultaneously sense radiation from the earth's surface. In another embodiment, a rotating hexagonal prism has outer reflecting surfaces skewed normal, for, and aft, so that a single lens views sequential signals and applies them to a radiation detector. The signals are sampled, held, digitally converted, recorded, and stored.

摘要翻译： 在所公开的装置中，透镜装置在车辆通过要被确定其表面的物体（例如地面）时将光聚焦在检测传感器装置上。 光学装置相对于车辆移动的方向从左到右将光的路径旋转到透镜装置。 在一个实施例中，沿着车辆运动方向在轴上旋转的四部分棱镜使光通过三个透镜，其垂直方向向下和向下倾斜，并且分离的辐射探测器同时感测来自地球表面的辐射。 在另一个实施例中，旋转的六边形棱镜具有偏斜的正反反射表面，用于和向后倾斜，使得单个透镜观看顺序信号并将其施加到辐射检测器。 信号被采样，保持，数字转换，记录和存储。

公开(公告)号：US4504914A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-12

申请号：US321207

申请日：1981-11-13

申请人： Otto Hofmann

发明人： Otto Hofmann

IPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  G01C11/00

CPC分类号： G01C11/025

摘要： A sensor device of the type to be carried on aircraft or spacecraft which avel along an arbitrary flight path, operates to provide data corresponding to the course and orientation of the craft, and a digital display of the terrain over which the craft is traveling. The device includes at least first, second and third sensor lines comprising rows of photosensitive semiconductor elements, arranged transversely of the flight path in an image plane. Each of the sensor lines provides line images corresponding to a terrain image projected onto the sensor line. At least one of the sensor lines extends in the image plane to form angles relative to the other sensor lines, so that the terrain line images produced by the angled sensor line intersect the terrain line images produced by the other sensor lines. This arrangement results in establishing clearly defined connecting points of the images, and provides high accuracy in the determination of the orientation data and of the terrain.

摘要翻译： 在飞行器或航天器上携带的类型的传感器装置，其沿着任意的飞行路径行进，用于提供对应于飞行器的航向和取向的数据，以及飞行器所在的地形的数字显示。 该装置包括至少第一，第二和第三传感器线，其包括在图像平面中横向于飞行路径的光敏半导体元件行。 每个传感器线提供与投影到传感器线上的地形图像相对应的线图像。 至少一个传感器线在图像平面中延伸以相对于其它传感器线形成角度，使得由倾斜传感器线产生的地形线图像与由其它传感器线产生的地形线图像相交。 这种布置导致确定图像的明确界定的连接点，并且在确定取向数据和地形时提供高精度。

公开(公告)号：US08903620B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-02

申请号：US13791526

申请日：2013-03-08

申请人： Hassen Hammoud ,  Jianbo Lu ,  Gilberto Burgio ,  Todd N. Clark ,  Otto Hofmann ,  Mohsen Lakehal-ayat ,  Shweta M. Farmer ,  Jason Shomsky ,  Roland Schaefer

发明人： Hassen Hammoud ,  Jianbo Lu ,  Gilberto Burgio ,  Todd N. Clark ,  Otto Hofmann ,  Mohsen Lakehal-ayat ,  Shweta M. Farmer ,  Jason Shomsky ,  Roland Schaefer

IPC分类号： B60T8/17 ,  B60T8/32 ,  B60T8/172 ,  B60T7/22 ,  B60T8/1755

CPC分类号： B60T7/22 ,  B60T7/12 ,  B60T8/172 ,  B60T8/1755 ,  G05D1/0088

摘要： A method of controlling a vehicle braking system, includes: (i) detecting whether a collision has occurred; (ii) detecting whether a predetermined condition follows the collision; (iii) determining whether a driver has applied the brakes; and (iv) when a driver has not applied the brakes, autonomously initiating braking.

摘要翻译： 一种控制车辆制动系统的方法，包括：（i）检测是否发生了碰撞; （ii）检测预定条件是否跟随碰撞; （iii）确定驾驶员是否施加了制动器; 和（iv）当驾驶员没有施加制动时，自主地开始制动。