摘要:
An exhaust gas retreatment system of an internal combustion engine includes a particle filter; and a sensor positioned, in a flow direction of the exhaust gas, downstream of the particle filter. The sensor is configured to measure the oxygen content and/or the NOx content in the exhaust gas downstream of the particle filter.
摘要:
A pilot-operated pressure shut-off valve having a main control piston which, when an upper system limit pressure in the hydraulic system is reached, connects an inlet, via which pressure medium can be fed to a hydraulic system, to an outlet by taking up a first switching position and, when a lower system limit pressure is reached, separates from the outlet by taking up a second switching position. The pressure shut-off valve has a pilot valve arrangement by which the fluidic connection of a control space adjacent to the main control piston can be changed in order to control the main control piston, and which has a valve housing, with a first pilot piston and a second pilot piston accommodated within the first pilot piston for compact construction and capability to adjust the two pilot pistons mechanically completely independently of each other.
摘要:
Site-specific Listeria integration vectors and methods for their use are provided. The subject vectors include a bacteriophage integrase gene and a bacteriophage attachment site, where in many embodiments the bacteriophage that is the source of these elements is a listeriophage. In certain embodiments, the subject vectors further include a multiple cloning site, where the multiple cloning site may further include a polypeptide coding sequence, e.g., for a heterologous antigen. The subject vectors and methods find use in a variety of different applications, including the study of Listeria species and the preparation of Listeria vaccines.
摘要:
Disclosed is a tire pressure monitoring device for a motor vehicle. A tire pressure monitoring system with direct measurement includes a transmission device for transmitting tire pressure values determined by pressure sensors, and a tire pressure monitoring system with indirect measurement that operates on the basis of wheel speed sensors. The tire pressure monitoring system with direct measurement includes a tire pressure measuring device for measuring a tire pressure value only on each wheel of a driven vehicle axle and on at most one wheel of a non-driven axle. The tire pressure monitoring system with indirect measurement includes wheel speed sensors on the non-driven vehicle axle.
摘要:
A hydraulic device having a nut part with a threaded hole which has an internal screw thread with a defined nominal diameter and with a defined, uniform pitch, and having a screw part which has an external screw thread with the same nominal diameter as the threaded hole and with a defined, uniform pitch, which is screwed into the threaded hole. (In hydraulic devices, screw parts, in particular nozzle bodies, are generally adhesively bonded in place, in order to prevent them from becoming detached. Adhesive bonding has certain drawbacks, since the screw threads have to be free of grease, and in the case of nozzles there is a risk of blockages, adhesive can enter the hydraulic circuit and also process reliability is not ensured during application.) There is provided a slight difference between the pitch of the internal screw thread of the nut part and the pitch of the external screw thread of the screw part. This slight difference in pitch while the screw part is being screwed in leads to an elastic deformation of a plurality of thread turns, with the result that the screw part is secured so that it cannot become detached.
摘要:
An method and apparatus for programming the parameters of an adjustable or programmable device such as a valve amplifier, wherein the adapter disconnects an input on the amplifier from a valve controller and reconnects the input to a programming apparatus, such as a microcontroller or a computer for example, to modify the amplifier parameters. Accordingly, the valve amplifier need not include a separate connection for connecting to a programming apparatus, thereby decreasing its cost and the risk of contamination. A first connector on the adapter is adapted to mate with a connector to a controller, a power supply, and a controlled mechanism, such as a valve. A second connector on the adapter is adapted to mate with a connector on the amplifier. A third connector on the adapter can mate with a serial computer connector, and a computer can program the parameters. Alternatively, the adapter can include a microcontroller to conduct the programming of the amplifier parameters. Input keys, indicators, and a display can be provided on the adapter to work in conjunction with the microcontroller in conducting the programming. A switch on the adapter can switch between a run mode, wherein the amplifier input is connected to the valve controller for normal control of the valve, to a program mode, wherein the amplifier input is connected to the programming apparatus for modifying of the amplifier parameters. The amplifier is programmed to detect when the adapter is in programming mode. For example, the adapter can reduce the amplitude of the power supplied to the amplifier, and the amplifier can detect this reduced power signal and prepare to communicate with the programming apparatus. To achieve this power signal reduction, the switch on the adapter, when switched to program mode, connects the power signal to power reduction circuitry which feeds a reduced power signal to the amplifier.
摘要:
The application relates to a device and a method for increasing the safety of a motor vehicle. A first sensor unit (2) senses the surroundings, in particular in order to detect free spaces and objects (0), and the position and movement thereof. A second sensor unit (20) senses the state of the surroundings, a third sensor unit (30) senses the state of the vehicle, and a fourth sensor unit (40) senses the driver's commands. The data are merged and a driving safety coordinator (6) determines at least one reliable driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) predictively and situationally in order to determine the operational safety. The driver's command can be limited to the driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) by means of components (9) which can be actuated actively and/or the motor vehicle (1) can be kept in the driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) by means of the components (9) which can be actuated actively.
摘要:
The application relates to a device and a method for increasing the safety of a motor vehicle. A first sensor unit (2) senses the surroundings, in particular in order to detect free spaces and objects (0), and the position and movement thereof. A second sensor unit (20) senses the state of the surroundings, a third sensor unit (30) senses the state of the vehicle, and a fourth sensor unit (40) senses the driver's commands. The data are merged and a driving safety coordinator (6) determines at least one reliable driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) predictively and situationally in order to determine the operational safety. The driver's command can be limited to the driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) by means of components (9) which can be actuated actively and/or the motor vehicle (1) can be kept in the driving corridor (K1, K2, K3, K4 to Kn) by means of the components (9) which can be actuated actively.
摘要:
A device for controlling the motion of a fluid actuator which includes an electrically operated control valve that controls the flow of a pressurized fluid to and from the fluid actuator in response to signals generated by an actuator controller which uses an on-board, user programmable microprocessor where the user can download various control algorithms into the microprocessor for controlling the motion of the actuator based on such parameters as fluid pressure and flow rates and actuator displacement. Various external sensors can be connected to the controller for monitoring and control purposes using various signal interfaces such as an analog to digital converter or an SSI interface. A local communication bus is used to communicate with one or more slave actuators each having their own electrically operated control valve that controls the flow of a pressurized fluid to and from the slave actuator in response to control signals generated by the controller and sent to the slave control valve over the local bus. Sensors are used to measure various operating parameters of the slave actuator and generate signals that are sent to the controller over the local bus. A supervisory computer is used to send a high level command signal to the controller where the controller generates a closed loop control signal to one or more fluid actuators.
摘要:
A method for determining an optimal steering angle in understeer situations of a vehicle is described. To assist a driver in reliably stabilizing the vehicle during an understeer situation while driving, a model-based driving traction coefficient factor, a model-based kinematic factor, and a float angle are taken into account in the determination of a steering angle. A limited steering angle δv,lim at which a maximum lateral force is set, is determined by addition of the driving traction coefficient factor, the kinematic factor, and the float angle. A system suitable for implementation of the method is also described.