摘要:
Copolymers of fluoroethylenes and masked phenols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,which may be further ring substituted and in which X is OY or ##STR2## Y is Si(R.sup.3).sub.3, ##STR3## R.sup.3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl.
摘要:
The present invention relates to fluoropolymers with improved temperature resistance and dimensional stability in the heat based on fluoroethylenes, using perfluoro-(cycloalkyl-vinyl ethers) and optionally other monomers as comonomers. The invention also relates to the perfluor-(cycloalkyl-vinyl ethers) which impart the advantageous thermal properties to the fluoropolymers according to the invention.
摘要:
The title compounds contain one or more fluorinated monomers and alkenyl isocyanurates and/or alkenyl cyanurates of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another denote C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl having a terminal double bond andR.sup.3 and R.sup.6 independently of one another denote C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl having a terminal double bond or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl.The alkenyl (iso)cyanurates (I) and (II) are contained in the copolymers in an amount of 0.1-5 mol %. based on the number of moles of all the comonomers. The fluorinated monomers can also be partly replaced by comonomers which do not contain fluorine.The title compounds can be crosslinked after shaping and can then be used as elastic or dimensionally stable shaped articles.
摘要:
An uncrosslinked copolymer of comonomers (a), (b) and (c) and containing reactive double bonds, the comonomers based on the total mols of (a), (b) and (c) comprising(a) 45 to 99.9 mol-% of at least one ethylene containing 1 to 4 fluorine atoms,(b) 0 to 54.9 mol-% of at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of(b1) a linear or branched C.sub.3-8 alkene containing at least one fluorine atom,(b2) an alkyl vinyl ether containing at least one fluorine atom,(b3) an open-chain or cyclic C.sub.3-6 ketone containing fluorinated .alpha.,.alpha.'-positions and(b4) non-fluorinated C.sub.2-4 alkene, C.sub.3-6 alkyl vinyl ether or C.sub.4-6 vinyl ester, and(c) 0.1 to 5 mol-% of at least one unconjugated diene. They are produced by radical polymerization. Because of the absence of bromine and/or iodine, during subsequent peroxidic cross-linking no toxic alkyl bromide and/or iodide is released.
摘要:
An inverted microscope (1) equipped with an ergotube (9) is disclosed. The ergotube (9) substantially comprises an eyepiece (9a) and a tube housing (9b). The microscope beam path (30) defined by the inverted microscope (1) is of U-shaped configuration. The U-shaped microscope beam path (30) is deflected into the eyepiece (9a) by a single deflection element (74) that is embodied as a pivotable mirror.
摘要:
Monomers of the formula (I) (for example, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoromethylenecyclopentane) are described, as well as copolymers prepared from them and from one or more monomers copolymerizable with them. ##STR1## wherein n=3 to 5 The compounds are suitable for the production of a multiplicity of thermoplastically processable copolymers having various sets of properties which permit applications both as compact moulded parts and as coatings.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a polarization interference microscope (1) for imaging objects (5). The polarization interference microscope (1) comprises a light source (2), an illumination beam path (6), an imaging beam path (7) and an objective (4). The illumination beam path (6) extends from the light source (2) to the object (5). The imaging beam path (7) extends from the object (5) to a detector or a tube (3). At least one polarization means (9) is provided in the illumination beam path (6) and/or in the imaging beam path (7), by which at least one polarization means the light of the respective beam path (6, 7) can be converted into a predeterminable polarization state. An analyzer means (10) is provided in the imaging beam path (7). A birefringent component is provided between the polarization means (9) and the analyzer means (10), by which birefringent component the light polarized by the polarization means (9) can be divided into two partial beams (13, 14) having different polarization directions. The component can produce a splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14). The present invention furthermore relates to a retrofit kit for a conventional microscope and for a conventional polarization interference microscope, respectively, and a method for imaging objects. In order to enable variable contrasting of the interference contrast, the polarization interference microscope (1) according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the component has a liquid crystal element (11, 21, 23) formed in such a way that the value of the splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14) is settable in a variable manner thereby.
摘要:
A reactive and processable fluoropolymer, obtainable by mechanical shearing of a fluoropolymer A) comprising polymerized monomer units of at least one fluorinated, optionally substituted, alkene with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated vinyl ether, non-fluorinated olefin and non-fluorinated vinyl ester, and 0.3 to 7% of a compound B) which possesses a double bond (I) capable of adding to polymeric radical fragments and a II-electron system which is either conjugated with double bond (I) or has readily transferrable hydrogen atoms in the allyl or benzyl position and optionally further double bonds or reactive groups and optionally further auxiliary agents (C). The fluoropolymer is especially useful in radical addition or nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution or addition, e.g. cross-linking or grafting.
摘要:
The present invention relates to peroxide crosslinkable fluororubbers prepared from polymerized units of vinylidene fluoride, at least one fluorinated propene and/or a fluorinated methyl vinyl ether, at least one perfluoro(polyoxaalkyl vinyl ether), optionally tetrafluoroethylene and crosslinking-active reactive sites, to a process for the production thereof and to the use thereof.