公开(公告)号：US5720897A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-24

申请号：US377380

申请日：1995-01-25

申请人： Russell S. Drago ,  Xu Cheng

发明人： Russell S. Drago ,  Xu Cheng

IPC分类号： B01J31/18 ,  C11D3/39 ,  C01B15/04 ,  C08F4/42

CPC分类号： B01J31/181 ,  B01J31/1805 ,  B01J31/1815 ,  C11D3/3932 ,  B01J2531/16 ,  B01J2531/72 ,  B01J2531/842

摘要： Transition metal containing composition for use as a bleach catalyst comprising at least one transition metal ion coordinated with at least one chelating ligand to form a complex capable of binding O.sub.2 H.sup.-. The ligand(s) should have at least two strong donor functional groups capable of coordinating with a single one of the transition metal ions in the complexes to form a six-member or larger ring. The complexes are capable of coordinating peroxide groups while the ligand functions to substantially prevent precipitation of hydroxides of the transition metal ions in aqueous alkaline solutions of the transition metal containing composition. A detergent-bleach composition comprising an effective amount of a peroxide bleaching agent and an effective amount of the bleach catalyst described above, and a bleaching agent composition comprising a peroxide compound present in an amount effective to impart a bleaching action and a catalyst present in an effective amount to promote the bleaching action of the peroxide compound comprising the transition metal composition described above are also disclosed, as well as a catalyst present in an effective amount to promote the bleaching action of peroxide compounds in a detergent-bleach composition comprising the transition metal composition described above.

摘要翻译： 用作漂白催化剂的含金属过渡金属组合物，其包含与至少一种螯合配体配位的至少一种过渡金属离子以形成能结合O 2 -H的络合物。 配体应具有能与配合物中的单个过渡金属离子配位的至少两个强供体官能团，以形成六个或更大的环。 配合物能够配位过氧化物基团，同时配体起到基本上防止含过渡金属的组合物的碱性水溶液中过渡金属离子的氢氧化物析出的作用。 一种洗涤剂漂白组合物，其包含有效量的过氧化物漂白剂和有效量的上述漂白催化剂，以及漂白剂组合物，其包含以有效赋予漂白作用的量存在的过氧化物和存在于 还公开了促进包含上述过渡金属组合物的过氧化物的漂白作用的有效量，以及有效量的促进过氧化物化合物在含有过渡金属的去污剂组合物中的漂白作用的催化剂 组合物。

公开(公告)号：US09261869B2

公开(公告)日：2016-02-16

申请号：US13372252

申请日：2012-02-13

申请人： Xu Cheng ,  Kirt T. Bush

发明人： Xu Cheng ,  Kirt T. Bush

IPC分类号： G05D7/00 ,  G05B17/02 ,  G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G05B17/02 ,  G06F17/5018

摘要： A pressure and flow calculation technique that efficiently solves for pressures and flows within a process network uses both a simultaneous and a sequential solving method. The calculation technique first determines a flow conductance for each of the process network elements, linearizes pressure and flow relationships in each flow path by determining a linearized flow conductance for each process element and then determines a composite process network having a linearized, composite process component in each flow path to produce a simplified process network. A simultaneous solving method is then used to simultaneously solve for the pressures and flows at each of a set of junction nodes of the simplified process network and thereafter a sequential solving method is applied to determine the pressures and flows at the other nodes of the process network.

摘要翻译： 压力和流量计算技术有效地解决了过程网络内的压力和流量，同时采用了顺序求解方法。 计算技术首先确定每个过程网络元件的流量电导，通过确定每个过程元件的线性化流动电导线性化每个流动路径中的压力和流量关系，然后确定具有线性化的复合过程组件的复合过程网络 每个流程都可以生成简化的流程网络。 然后使用同时求解方法来同时解决简化过程网络的一组连接节点中的每一个处的压力和流量，此后应用顺序求解方法来确定过程网络的其他节点处的压力和流量 。

公开(公告)号：US08960901B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-24

申请号：US12697931

申请日：2010-02-01

申请人： Michael J. Collins ,  Brett A. Davis ,  Khaled A. Chehab ,  Xu Cheng ,  D. Robert Iskander

发明人： Michael J. Collins ,  Brett A. Davis ,  Khaled A. Chehab ,  Xu Cheng ,  D. Robert Iskander

IPC分类号： G02C7/04 ,  G02C7/02 ,  A61F2/16

CPC分类号： G02C7/044 ,  A61F2/1613 ,  G02C7/027 ,  G02C7/028 ,  G02C7/04 ,  G02C2202/22 ,  G02C2202/24

摘要： Lenses are designed using wavefront measurements amenable to correction factors for near and far vision as well as pupil size to slow or stop myopia progression.

摘要翻译： 镜片设计使用波前测量，适用于近视和远视的矫正因子以及瞳孔大小以减缓或停止近视进展。

公开(公告)号：US08895369B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-25

申请号：US13432723

申请日：2012-03-28

申请人： Xu Cheng

发明人： Xu Cheng

IPC分类号： H01L21/56 ,  H01L21/762 ,  H01L29/861 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/40 ,  H01L29/78 ,  H01L29/872 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L29/10

CPC分类号： H01L29/0634 ,  H01L21/02118 ,  H01L21/02123 ,  H01L21/02167 ,  H01L21/0217 ,  H01L29/0649 ,  H01L29/0653 ,  H01L29/0661 ,  H01L29/1095 ,  H01L29/407 ,  H01L29/66143 ,  H01L29/7811 ,  H01L29/861 ,  H01L29/872 ,  H01L2224/4847 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2224/8592 ,  H01L2924/10155 ,  H01L2924/10156 ,  H01L2924/12032 ,  H01L2924/1301 ,  H01L2924/1305 ,  H01L2924/13055 ,  H01L2924/13091 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A superjunction semiconductor device is provided having at least one column of a first conductivity type and at least one column of a second conductivity type extending from a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate toward a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate opposed to the first main surface. The at least one column of the second conductivity type has a first sidewall surface proximate the at least one column of the first conductivity type and a second sidewall surface opposed to the first sidewall surface. A termination structure is proximate the second sidewall surface of the at least one column of the second conductivity type. The termination structure includes a layer of dielectric of an effective thickness and consumes about 0% of the surface area of the first main surface. Methods for manufacturing superjunction semiconductor devices and for preventing surface breakdown are also provided.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种超结半导体器件，其具有至少一列第一导电类型和至少一列第二导电类型的列，其从半导体衬底的第一主表面朝向与第一主体相对的半导体衬底的第二主表面延伸 表面。 第二导电类型的至少一列具有靠近第一导电类型的至少一列的第一侧壁表面和与第一侧壁表面相对的第二侧壁表面。 端接结构靠近第二导电类型的至少一列的第二侧壁表面。 端接结构包括有效厚度的电介质层，并消耗第一主表面的约0％的表面积。 还提供了制造超结半导体器件和防止表面破坏的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08853780B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-07

申请号：US13465761

申请日：2012-05-07

申请人： Hongning Yang ,  Daniel J. Blomberg ,  Xu Cheng ,  Xin Lin ,  Won Gi Min ,  Zhihong Zhang ,  Jiang-Kai Zuo

发明人： Hongning Yang ,  Daniel J. Blomberg ,  Xu Cheng ,  Xin Lin ,  Won Gi Min ,  Zhihong Zhang ,  Jiang-Kai Zuo

IPC分类号： H01L29/66

CPC分类号： H01L29/063 ,  H01L29/0653 ,  H01L29/0847 ,  H01L29/1045 ,  H01L29/66659 ,  H01L29/66681 ,  H01L29/7835

摘要： A device includes a semiconductor substrate, source and drain regions in the semiconductor substrate, a channel region in the semiconductor substrate between the source and drain regions through which charge carriers flow during operation from the source region to the drain region, and a drift region in the semiconductor substrate, on which the drain region is disposed, and through which the charge carriers drift under an electric field arising from application of a bias voltage between the source and drain regions. A PN junction along the drift region includes a first section at the drain region and a second section not at the drain region. The drift region has a lateral profile that varies such that the first section of the PN junction is shallower than the second section of the PN junction.

摘要翻译： 一种器件包括半导体衬底，半导体衬底中的源极和漏极区域，在源极和漏极区域之间的半导体衬底中的沟道区域，电荷载体在从源极区域到漏极区域的工作期间流过该沟道区域，以及漂移区域 其上设置有漏极区的半导体衬底，并且电荷载流子在源极和漏极区域之间施加偏压产生的电场下漂移。 沿着漂移区域的PN结包括在漏极区域处的第一部分和不在漏极区域的第二部分。 漂移区域具有变化的横向轮廓，使得PN结的第一部分比PN结的第二部分浅。

公开(公告)号：US08703940B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

申请号：US12742286

申请日：2008-11-12

申请人： Benjamin List ,  Xu Cheng

发明人： Benjamin List ,  Xu Cheng

IPC分类号： C07D251/18

CPC分类号： C07D251/48

摘要： A process for the synthesis of 3,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives is claimed wherein a biguanid is reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic base. The process can be carried out at mild and therefore economical reaction conditions.

摘要翻译： 要求合成3,6-二氢-1,3,5-三嗪衍生物的方法，其中在无机和/或有机碱的存在下，双胍与乙醛反应。 该方法可以在温和且经济的反应条件下进行。

公开(公告)号：US08140296B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-20

申请号：US12047139

申请日：2008-03-12

申请人： Peter N. Francino ,  Xu Cheng ,  Frederick C. Huff

发明人： Peter N. Francino ,  Xu Cheng ,  Frederick C. Huff

IPC分类号： G06F11/30

CPC分类号： F22B1/1846 ,  F01K13/02 ,  F23J3/023 ,  F23N5/242 ,  F23N2023/44 ,  F28F27/00

摘要： A statistical performance evaluation system for a thermodynamic device and process uses the achievable performance derived from statistics and real-time data for the device or process to evaluate the current performance of the device or process, and to adjust the operations of the device or process accordingly, or provide feedback to an operator or other monitoring system for taking corrective actions to obtain performance approaching the optimum achievable performance. The achievable performance of the device or process is derived from data collected during operational periods when the best achievable performance is anticipated, such as after maintenance is performed, and supersedes the ideal or design performance specified by the manufacturer, which typically does not represent the actual operating conditions in the field, as the basis for evaluating the real-time performance of the device. The statistical performance evaluation system may set desired upper and lower limits for performance parameters, and compare desired limits to the actual performance parameter values to determine the readjustment to be made to the operation of the device or process.

摘要翻译： 热力学设备和过程的统计性能评估系统使用从设备或过程的统计数据和实时数据得到的可实现性能来评估设备或过程的当前性能，并相应地调整设备或过程的操作 或者向操作者或其他监控系统提供反馈以采取纠正措施以获得接近最佳可实现性能的性能。 设备或过程的可实现的性能来源于在预期达到最佳可实现性能的运行期间收集的数据，例如在执行维护之后，并取代制造商规定的理想或设计性能，通常不代表实际 操作条件在现场作为评估设备实时性能的基础。 统计性能评估系统可以设置性能参数的期望上限和下限，并且将期望的限制与实际性能参数值进行比较，以确定对装置或过程的操作进行的重新调整。

公开(公告)号：US20110010138A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-13

申请号：US12501262

申请日：2009-07-10

申请人： Xu Cheng ,  Richard Williams Kephart ,  Charles Menten

发明人： Xu Cheng ,  Richard Williams Kephart ,  Charles Menten

IPC分类号： G06F17/11

CPC分类号： G06F17/5009 ,  G05B13/042 ,  G05B17/02

摘要： Methods and apparatus to compensate first principle-based simulation models are disclosed. An example method to compensate a first-principle based simulation model includes applying one or more first test inputs to a process system to generate first output data, applying one or more second test inputs to a first principle model to generate second output data, generating an error model based on the first and second output data, applying input data to the first principle model to generate simulation model output data, and compensating the model data via the error model to generate compensated model output data.

摘要翻译： 公开了补偿第一原理模拟模型的方法和装置。 用于补偿基于第一原理的模拟模型的示例性方法包括将一个或多个第一测试输入应用于过程系统以产生第一输出数据，将一个或多个第二测试输入应用于第一原理模型以产生第二输出数据， 基于第一和第二输出数据的误差模型，将输入数据应用于第一原理模型以生成模拟输出数据，并通过误差模型补偿模型数据，生成补偿模型输出数据。

公开(公告)号：US07826908B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

申请号：US11934633

申请日：2007-11-02

申请人： Xu Cheng ,  Charles H. Menten ,  Richard W. Kephart

发明人： Xu Cheng ,  Charles H. Menten ,  Richard W. Kephart

IPC分类号： G05B13/02 ,  G05D3/12 ,  G05D5/00 ,  G05D9/00 ,  G05D11/00 ,  G05D17/00 ,  F01K13/02 ,  F01K7/40

CPC分类号： G05B13/021 ,  G05B2219/41221 ,  G05B2219/41435

摘要： A method of controlling a power generating unit or other process equipment with a slow reaction time includes creating a feedforward control signal to selectively include a fast response rate component or a slow response rate component based on the average rate at which a load demand set point signal has changed during a particular previous period of time. The method then uses the developed feedforward control signal to control the power generating equipment or other slowly reacting process equipment. In particular, a control method switches between introducing a fast or a slow response component within a feedforward control signal based on whether the change in the load demand set point over a particular period of time in the past (e.g., an average rate of change of the load demand set point signal) is greater than or less than a predetermined threshold. This method is capable of providing a relatively fast control action even if the expected load demand set point change is in a small range. In addition, this method does not require knowledge of the final or target load demand set point during the time in which the load demand set point is ramping up to a final target value and is not dependent on the ramp size, i.e., the ultimate difference between the load demand set point at the beginning of the load demand set point change and the final or target value of the load demand set point, making it more versatile than prior art systems.

摘要翻译： 控制具有缓慢反应时间的发电单元或其他处理设备的方法包括：创建前馈控制信号，以根据负载需求设定点信号的平均速率选择性地包括快速响应速率分量或慢响应速率分量 在特定的前一段时间内发生了变化。 该方法然后使用开发的前馈控制信号来控制发电设备或其他缓慢反应的过程设备。 特别地，控制方法基于过去特定时间段内的负载需求设定点的变化（例如，平均变化率）是否在前馈控制信号中引入快速或慢速响应分量之间切换 负载需求设定点信号）大于或小于预定阈值。 即使预期的负载需求设定点变化在小范围内，该方法也能够提供相对较快的控制动作。 此外，该方法在负载需求设定点上升到最终目标值并且不依赖于斜坡大小的时间内，不需要知道最终或目标负载需求设定点，即最终差异 在负载需求设定点开始时的负载需求设定点变化和负载需求设定点的最终或目标值之间，使其比现有技术系统更加通用。

公开(公告)号：US20090012653A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-08

申请号：US12047217

申请日：2008-03-12

申请人： Xu Cheng ,  Frederick C. Huff ,  Peter N. Francino ,  Konrad Swirski

发明人： Xu Cheng ,  Frederick C. Huff ,  Peter N. Francino ,  Konrad Swirski

IPC分类号： G06F1/26

CPC分类号： F23N5/242 ,  F23N2023/44 ,  F23N2025/24 ,  F23N2037/10 ,  G05B23/021 ,  G05B23/024 ,  G05B23/0294 ,  Y02P80/114

摘要： A technique of implementing performance monitoring in a power plant is appropriate to control operating parameters and factors connected with the efficiency of the energy production process in an energy marketplace that is more complex than in the past, and that takes into account more than just the cost of fuel. In particular, this method works well when the real costs of production are dependent on other variable costs besides the cost of fuel, such as environmental credits, equipment degradation and repair costs, as well as electrical energy trade market factors like ramp rate, LMP factors, and the ability to deliver contracted power levels and spot transactions. The power plant performance monitoring technique applies a statistical analysis to collected power plant data to determine the factors that are best controlled or changed to affect (increase) the efficiency or other primary performance indication of the plant, in whatever state or operating level the plant is run. Because heat rate calculation applications are typically performed on-line, it is possible to analyze collected plant data in detail and to apply for example, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear and nonlinear regression analysis to the data, which enables the performance method to obtain a more accurate detection of the influence of the principal process parameters that affect heat rate deviation (efficiency), as well as to establish baseline or best-possible operational constraints to be used to control the plant in the future. This performance based control methodology will allow for near optimum performance of power plants by constantly allowing for refinement and best practices and control to be realized.

摘要翻译： 在电厂中实施性能监测的技术适用于控制与能源市场中能源生产过程效率相关的运行参数和因素，这些能源市场比以往更复杂，并且不仅考虑到成本 的燃料。 特别是，当生产的实际成本取决于其他可变成本，除了燃料成本（如环境信贷，设备退化和维修成本）以及电能贸易市场因素如升温速率，LMP因素 ，以及提供合同权力水平和现货交易的能力。 电厂性能监测技术对收集的电厂数据进行统计分析，以确定最佳控制或改变的因素，以影响（增加）工厂的效率或其他主要性能指标，无论工厂的任何状态或操作级别 跑。 由于热速率计算应用通常在线进行，因此可以详细分析采集的工厂数据，并将主成分分析（PCA）和线性和非线性回归分析应用于数据，这使得性能方法能够 更准确地检测影响热耗率偏差（效率）的主要工艺参数的影响，以及建立将来用于控制工厂的基准或最佳可能的操作限制。 这种基于性能的控制方法将通过不断允许精细化和最佳实践和控制来实现发电厂的近似最佳性能。