摘要:
Optoelectronic probe cards, methods of fabrication, and methods of use, are disclosed. Briefly described, one exemplary embodiment includes an optoelectronic probe card adapted to test an electrical quality and an optical quality of an optoelectronic structure under test having electrical and optical components.
摘要:
Wafer-level electronic packages having waveguides and methods of fabricating chip-level electronic packages having waveguides are disclosed. A representative chip-level electronic package includes at least one waveguide having a waveguide core. In addition, another representative chip-level electronic package includes a waveguide having an air-gap cladding layer around a portion of the waveguide core. A representative method for fabricating a chip-level electronic package includes: providing a substrate having a passivation layer disposed on the substrate; disposing a waveguide core on a portion of the passivation layer; disposing a first sacrificial layer onto at least one portion of the passivation layer and the waveguide core; disposing an overcoat layer onto the passivation layer and the first sacrificial layer; and removing the first sacrificial layer to define an air-gap cladding layer within the overcoat polymer layer and around a portion of the waveguide core.
摘要:
Wafer-level electronic packages having waveguides and methods of fabricating chip-level electronic packages having waveguides are disclosed. A representative chip-level electronic package includes at least one waveguide having a waveguide core. In addition, another representative chip-level electronic package includes a waveguide having an air-gap cladding layer around a portion of the waveguide core. A representative method for fabricating a chip-level electronic package includes: providing a substrate having a passivation layer disposed on the substrate; disposing a waveguide core on a portion of the passivation layer; disposing a first sacrificial layer onto at least one portion of the passivation layer and the waveguide core; disposing an overcoat layer onto the passivation layer and the first sacrificial layer; and removing the first sacrificial layer to define an air-gap cladding layer within the overcoat polymer layer and around a portion of the waveguide core.
摘要:
Optical interconnect layers and methods of fabrication thereof are described. In addition, the optical interconnect layers integrated into devices such as backplane (BP), printed wiring board (PWB), and multi-chip module (MCM) level devices are described. A representative optical interconnect layer includes a first cladding layer, a second cladding layer, one or more waveguides having a waveguide core and an air-gap cladding layer engaging a portion of waveguide core, wherein the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer engage the waveguide.
摘要:
Systems and methods for three dimensional lithography, nano-indentation, and combinations thereof are disclosed. One exemplary three dimensional lithography method, among others, includes: providing a substrate having at least one optical element, wherein the optical element is selected from a refractive element and a diffractive element; disposing a polymer layer on the substrate and the at least one optical element, wherein the polymer layer includes a polymer material selected from a positive-tone polymer material and a negative-tone polymer material; positioning a mask adjacent the polymer layer, wherein the mask does not cover at least one directly exposed portion of the polymer material directly overlaying the at least one element; and exposing the at least one directly exposed portion of the polymer material to optical energy, wherein the optical energy passes through the at least one directly exposed portion of the polymer material and interacts with the element, and the element redirects the optical energy through the polymer material forming at least one area of indirectly exposed polymer material.
摘要:
Waveguides having air-gap cladding layers and methods of fabricating waveguides having air-gap cladding layers are disclosed. A representative waveguide includes a waveguide core having an air-gap cladding layer engaging a portion of the waveguide core. In addition, a representative method of fabricating a waveguide having an air-gap cladding layer includes: providing a substrate having a lower cladding layer disposed on the substrate; disposing a waveguide core on a portion of the lower cladding layer; disposing a sacrificial layer onto at least one portion of the lower cladding layer and the waveguide core; disposing an overcoat layer onto the lower cladding layer and the sacrificial layer; and removing the sacrificial layer to define an air-gap cladding layer within the overcoat polymer layer and engaging a portion of the waveguide core.
摘要:
Waveguides and methods of fabrication thereof are presented. A representative waveguide includes a waveguide core and a cladding layer, where the cladding layer surrounds the waveguide core. The waveguide core and cladding can be made of a host material having a plurality of nano-pores, wherein the nano-pores include a sacrificial material, and the sacrificial material can be selectively decomposed in both the core and cladding layers to form a plurality of nano air-gaps.
摘要:
Devices and method of fabrication thereof are disclosed. A representative device includes one or more lead packages. The lead packages include a substrate including a plurality of die pads, an overcoat polymer layer, a plurality of sacrificial polymer layers disposed between the substrate and the overcoat polymer layer, and a plurality of leads. Each lead is disposed upon the overcoat polymer layer having a first portion disposed upon a die pad. The sacrificial polymer layer can be removed to form one or more air-gaps.
摘要:
A method of fabricating an electrostatic actuator with an intrinsic stress gradient is provided. An electrode is formed on a substrate and a support layer is formed over the electrode. A metal layer is deposited onto the support layer via a deposition process. Deposition process conditions are varied in order to induce a stress gradient into the metal layer. The intrinsic stress in the metal layer increases in the direction from the bottom to the top of the metal layer. The support layer under the electrode is removed to release the electrostatic actuator.
摘要:
An electrostatic actuator with an intrinsic stress gradient is provided. The electrostatic actuator comprises an electrode and an electrostatically actuated beam fixed at one end relative to the electrode. The electrostatically actuated beam further includes a metal layer made substantially of a single metal with an induced stress gradient therein. The stress gradient in the metal layer determines the initial curvature of the beam. Upon electrostatic actuation of the beam, the beam is deflected from its initial curvature relative to the electrode. In one embodiment, the electrostatically actuated beam is used as a top movable electrode of an electrostatically actuated variable capacitor. The capacitance of the electrostatically actuated capacitor is changed upon electrostatic actuation of the beam.