公开(公告)号：US3968429A

公开(公告)日：1976-07-06

申请号：US594209

申请日：1975-07-09

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01N15/1245 ,  G01N15/1227

摘要： A particle analyzer of the Coulter type has at least first and second sensing zone arrangements, each having substantially the same dimensions and each generating a train of particle pulses in response to passage through the respective sensing zone of a sample containing a plurality of particles to be counted. A summing circuit connected to the output of each sensing zone sums together each of the trains of particle pulses to develop a summed train of pulses. Additional circuitry is connected to each sensing zone and the summing circuitry. This circuitry is operative to change mathematically at least the number of particle pulses in the summed train of particle pulses. The mathematically changed summed train of pulses and the train of pulses from the first and second sensing zones then are accumulated to produce an error corrected particle pulse count.

摘要翻译： 库尔特型的粒子分析仪具有至少第一和第二感测区域布置，每个具有基本上相同的尺寸，并且每个产生一系列粒子脉冲以响应于通过包含多个颗粒的样品的相应感测区域而成 算了 连接到每个感测区域的输出的求和电路将每个粒子脉冲列组合在一起，以产生一个总和的脉冲序列。 附加电路连接到每个感测区域和求和电路。 该电路用于在数学上改变粒子脉冲的总和列中的至少粒子脉冲的数量。 然后累积数学改变的脉冲序列和来自第一和第二感测区域的脉冲串，以产生误差校正的粒子脉冲计数。

公开(公告)号：US3936740A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US442110

申请日：1974-02-13

申请人： Walter R. Hogg ,  Wallace H. Coulter

发明人： Walter R. Hogg ,  Wallace H. Coulter

IPC分类号： H03K5/14 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H03K5/20

CPC分类号： H03K5/14

摘要： An apparatus which includes circuitry for automatically sampling each pulse in a series of pulses a predetermined average number of times, sequentially storing the samples for a period of time, and reproducing the pulses from the samples, delayed in time.A method of operation is encompassed within the invention as well as use of the above apparatus in a particle study device.

摘要翻译： 一种装置，其包括用于以预定的平均次数自动采样一系列脉冲中的每个脉冲的电路，顺序地将样本存储一段时间，并且在时间上延迟地从样本中再现脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US3944797A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-16

申请号：US495230

申请日：1974-08-06

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

IPC分类号： G01N15/10 ,  G01N15/02 ,  G06G7/12

CPC分类号： G01N15/0205

摘要： An apparatus for determining the correct particle sizes at predetermined percentiles of the size distribution of a particulate system having a known size distribution characteristic such as for example a normal or log-normal size distribution, wherein a portion of the particles are too small to be measured. The particulate system is first passed through a particle detecting device which can be of the Coulter type. The particle detecting device produces particle pulses proportional to the size of the particles in the particulate system which can be measured. At least three percentile size determining circuits receive the particle pulses and develop first, second and third particle size signals respectively, indicating the size of the particles in the particulate system at the first, second and third predetermined percentiles. Two of the size signals are combined in a particular manner based on the known size distribution characteristic for the type of particulate system to yield a combined signal which approximates or is and estimate of the third percentile signal. The combined signal is compared with the measured third signal to obtain an error signal. The error signal is used in turn to add into all three size percentile circuits compensation or correction signals for the total volume of particules too small to be included in the measurements. This process causes the error signal to decrease toward zero, and results in all three circuits having outputs truly representative of their nominal percentiles.

摘要翻译： 用于确定具有已知尺寸分布特性例如正常或对数正态尺寸分布的颗粒系统的尺寸分布的预定百分位数的正确粒度的装置，其中一部分颗粒太小而不能测量 。 颗粒系统首先通过可以是库尔特型的颗粒检测装置。 粒子检测装置产生与可以测量的颗粒系统中的颗粒尺寸成比例的粒子脉冲。 至少三个百分位数确定电路分别接收粒子脉冲并分别显示出第一，第二和第三粒度信号，表明在第一，第二和第三预定百分位数处的颗粒系统中颗粒的大小。 两个尺寸信号基于已知的颗粒系统类型的尺寸分布特性以特定的方式组合，以产生近似或估计第三百分位数信号的组合信号。 将组合信号与测量的第三信号进行比较以获得误差信号。 误差信号依次用于将所有三个百分位数的电路补偿补偿或校正信号，使得总体积的微粒太小而不能包含在测量中。 该过程导致误差信号向零降低，并且导致所有三个电路具有真正代表其标称百分位数的输出。

公开(公告)号：US4009443A

公开(公告)日：1977-02-22

申请号：US564722

申请日：1975-04-03

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Millard D. Longman, Jr. ,  Stephen Campbell ,  Edward Neal Doty

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Millard D. Longman, Jr. ,  Stephen Campbell ,  Edward Neal Doty

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  H03K21/02 ,  H03K5/20 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： H03K21/02 ,  G01N15/1227

摘要： A method and apparatus for correcting a particle pulse count subject to coincidence error is disclosed wherein particle pulses, developed in response to passage of particles in a particulate system through a sensing zone, are counted for a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is increased or extended in response to each pulse counted by a time increment that is related to a characteristic of the counted pulse, such as the pulse width, duration, or amplitude. The total additional time period allows the counting of additional particle pulses such that the total count at the end of the extended time period is an error corrected count for the number of particles detected in the predetermined time period.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于校正受到重合误差的粒子脉冲计数的方法和装置，其中响应于颗粒系统中的颗粒通过感测区域而产生的颗粒脉冲被计数预定时间段。 响应于与计数脉冲的特性（例如脉冲宽度，持续时间或幅度）相关的时间增量计数的每个脉冲，预定时间段被增加或延长。 总的附加时间段允许对附加粒子脉冲进行计数，使得延长时间段结束时的总计数是在预定时间段内检测到的粒子数目的误差校正计数。

公开(公告)号：US3936741A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-03

申请号：US485160

申请日：1974-07-02

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Edward Neal Doty ,  Millard D. Longman ,  Stephen Campbell

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg ,  Edward Neal Doty ,  Millard D. Longman ,  Stephen Campbell

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  H03K21/02 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H03K5/20

CPC分类号： H03K21/02 ,  G01N15/1227

摘要： A method and apparatus for correcting a particle pulse count subject to coincidence error is disclosed wherein particle pulses, developed in response to passage of particles in a particulate system through a sensing zone, are counted for a predetermined period of time. The predetermined period of time is increased or extended in response to each pulse counted by a time increment that is a function of a characteristic of the counted pulse, such as the pulse width, duration, or amplitude. The total additional time period allows the counting of additional particle pulses such that the total count at the end of the extended time period is an error corrected count for the number of particles detected in the predetermined time period.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于校正受到重合误差的粒子脉冲计数的方法和装置，其中响应于颗粒系统中的颗粒通过感测区域而产生的颗粒脉冲被计数预定时间段。 响应于作为脉冲宽度，持续时间或幅度等计数脉冲的特性的函数的时间增量而计数的每个脉冲，预定时间段被增加或延长。 总的附加时间段允许对附加粒子脉冲进行计数，使得延长时间段结束时的总计数是在预定时间段内检测到的粒子数目的误差校正计数。

公开(公告)号：US3949198A

公开(公告)日：1976-04-06

申请号：US454793

申请日：1974-03-26

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Walter R. Hogg

IPC分类号： G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G06M11/00

CPC分类号： G01N15/1227 ,  G01N15/1429 ,  G01N2015/1062 ,  G01N2015/1087 ,  G01N2015/1493

摘要： By creating at least two related raw counts N.sub.1 and N.sub.2, of particles in a fluid suspension either as two physcially derived particle counts, or one physical count and an artificial count derived from the physical count, there can be developed a mathematic function relationship by which the "scanning constant" K of a particle analyzer, for example of a Coulter type, can be factored out and a resultant equation obtained. The resultant equation is employable in operating upon the input N.sub.1 and N.sub.2 raw counts for generating the ultimately desired corrected particle count N.sub.0, which eliminates particle coincidence errors. The disclosure encompasses several methods and apparatuses by which the raw counts are developed and by which the related mathematic functions are defined and then employed to obtain corrected counts.

摘要翻译： 通过在流体悬浮液中产生至少两个相关的原始计数N1和N2，作为两个物理衍生的粒子计数，或者一个物理计数和从物理计数得到的人造计数，可以产生数学函数关系，通过该关系 粒子分析仪的“扫描常数”K，例如Coulter型，可以被计算出来，得到一个合成的方程式。 所得到的方程可用于在输入N1和N2原始计数上进行操作，以产生最终期望的校正粒子计数N0，这消除了粒子重合误差。 本公开包括若干方法和装置，通过该方法和装置开发原始计数，并通过该方法和装置定义相关的数学函数，然后用于获得校正的计数。

公开(公告)号：US5653686A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-05

申请号：US372196

申请日：1995-01-13

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Charles R. Shambaugh

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Charles R. Shambaugh

IPC分类号： A61J1/00 ,  A61J1/20 ,  B01L3/14 ,  G01N1/00 ,  A61M31/00

CPC分类号： G01N35/1079 ,  A61J1/2089 ,  B01L3/5082 ,  A61J1/201 ,  A61J1/2017 ,  A61J1/2058 ,  A61J1/2072 ,  A61J1/2075 ,  A61J1/2082 ,  A61J1/2086 ,  A61J1/2096

摘要： A method and transfer device for transferring fluids between closed vials. The transfer device includes a cylinder having a pair of opposing open tubes or tubular portions into which a pair of vials can be inserted to transfer fluid therebetween. The tubes are separated by a wall through which extends a fluid transfer needle and a vent needle which first is inserted into a first vial to vent the first vial into a vent chamber or reservoir formed in the transfer device before the transfer needle is inserted into the first vial. The first vial, stopper first, is inserted into first tube until seated onto an exposed end of the transfer needle. A second vial, stopper first, then is inserted into the second tube until seated onto the opposite exposed end of the transfer needle. A pressure differential between the closed vials preferably can be utilized to transfer a desired fluid portion between the vials.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在密封小瓶之间传送流体的方法和传送装置。 转移装置包括具有一对相对的开放管或管状部分的圆柱体，一对小瓶可插入其中以在其间传送流体。 管被壁分开，通过该壁将流体输送针和通气针延伸，首先将其插入第一小瓶中，以将第一小瓶排出到形成在转移装置中的通气室或储存器中，然后将输送针插入 第一个小瓶。 首先将第一个小瓶，塞子插入第一个管子，直到坐到转移针的暴露端上。 首先将第二个小瓶，塞子插入第二个管子中，直到安置在转移针的相对的暴露端上。 密封小瓶之间的压力差优选地可用于在小瓶之间转移期望的流体部分。

公开(公告)号：US06900029B1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-31

申请号：US08556667

申请日：1995-11-13

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Robert K. Zwerner ,  Robert J. Schmittling ,  Thomas R. Russell

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  Robert K. Zwerner ,  Robert J. Schmittling ,  Thomas R. Russell

IPC分类号： B01D21/00 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/553 ,  G01N33/569 ,  G01N33/574 ,  A01N1/02 ,  C12Q1/18 ,  G01N33/53

CPC分类号： G01N33/54333 ,  G01N33/553 ,  G01N33/56972 ,  G01N33/574 ,  Y10S436/824

摘要： A separation procedure for separating a selected desired or undesired population from a biological sample utilizing relatively heavy, dense particles and gravity sedimentation. The particles have one or more reactants bound thereto which are specific to and will bind with the selected population. The particles preferably are mixed with the sample by repeatedly causing the particles to settle through a substantial portion of the sample to bind to the selected population. The particles with the bound selected population then are allowed to preferentially settle in the sample and the supernatant including an enriched population is separated from the particles with the selected population bound thereto. The enriched populations in the biological sample supernatant can be further enriched by multiple removal steps.

摘要翻译： 用于使用相对重的，致密的颗粒和重力沉降从生物样品中分离所选择的所需或不需要的群体的分离程序。 颗粒具有一个或多个与其结合的反应物，其特异于并将与所选群体结合。 颗粒优选通过重复使颗粒沉淀通过样品的大部分与样品结合而与样品混合。 然后允许具有结合的所选群体的颗粒优先沉降在样品中，并且将包含富集群体的上清液从结合有所选群体的颗粒中分离。 通过多次去除步骤，可以进一步富集生物样品上清液中的富集群体。

公开(公告)号：US5238812A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

申请号：US517309

申请日：1990-05-01

申请人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  John D. Hollinger ,  Thomas Russell ,  Carlos Rodriguez ,  Ronald Paul

发明人： Wallace H. Coulter ,  John D. Hollinger ,  Thomas Russell ,  Carlos Rodriguez ,  Ronald Paul

IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/569

CPC分类号： G01N33/5005 ,  G01N33/56966 ,  G01N33/56972 ,  Y10S436/808

摘要： A method and apparatus for accelerating at least one definitive biological reaction including increasing the accuracy of determinations made therefrom. The reaction involves selected viable biological cells which are prepared in a small sample volume and rapidly mixed with microspheres having antibody specific at least to specific ones of the cells bound thereto. The microspheres can be magnetic and the bound cells can be magnetically removed to analyze the remaining blood cell populations. The microspheres can be introduced sequentially or simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 一种用于加速至少一种确定性生物反应的方法和装置，包括增加由其制备的测定精度。 该反应涉及选择的活体生物细胞，它们以小的样品体积制备，并且与具有抗体特异性至少与结合于其上的特定细胞的微球快速混合。 微球可以是磁性的，并且结合的细胞可以被磁性去除以分析剩余的血细胞群体。 微球可以顺序或同时引入。

公开(公告)号：US5223398A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

申请号：US587646

申请日：1990-09-20

申请人： Kenneth H. Kortright ,  Wallace H. Coulter ,  Carlos Rodriguez ,  Thomas Russell ,  Ronald Paul

发明人： Kenneth H. Kortright ,  Wallace H. Coulter ,  Carlos Rodriguez ,  Thomas Russell ,  Ronald Paul

IPC分类号： G01N15/10 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/569 ,  G01N35/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/5094 ,  G01N33/5302 ,  G01N33/54326 ,  G01N33/56972 ,  G01N15/12 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N2015/1037 ,  G01N2015/1062 ,  G01N2015/1081 ,  G01N35/0098 ,  Y10S436/808

摘要： A method and apparatus for automatically and rapidly, retrieving, counting and/or analyzing at least one selected white blood cell population and/or subset thereof of a whole blood sample or portion thereof. A volume of a biological sample containing the white blood cells is prepared and at least one reactant specific or preferential at least to some selected biological cells is introduced thereto and rapidly mixed for a short period of time. The opacity and/or volume parameter of the cells can be modified and the mixture is then counted and analyzed in one or more steps to obtain the desired white blood cell population analysis.The biological sample can be a whole blood sample and the reactant can include or be a lyse or a monoclonal antibody bound to microspheres, which will bind to specific ones of the cells or a combination of lyse and microspheres with antibody bound thereto. The microspheres can be magnetic and the bound cells can be magnetically removed for retrieving and analyzing the remaining blood cell population.

摘要翻译： 一种用于自动并快速地检索，计数和/或分析全血样本或其部分的至少一个所选择的白细胞群体和/或其子集的方法和装置。 制备含有白细胞的体积的生物样品，并将至少一种特异性或优先选择的至少一些选定的生物细胞引入其中并在短时间内快速混合。 可以修改细胞的不透明度和/或体积参数，然后在一个或多个步骤中对混合物进行计数和分析以获得所需的白细胞群体分析。 生物样品可以是全血样品，并且反应物可以包括结合微球的裂解液或单克隆抗体，其将与特定细胞结合，或与结合抗体的溶血和微球体的组合。 微球可以是磁性的，并且结合的细胞可被磁性去除，用于检索和分析剩余的血细胞群体。