摘要:
Water-soluble or water-dispersible graft polymers which are obtainable by free-radical-initiated polymerization of (A) a monomer or monomer mixture comprising (a) from 20 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof or alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof, (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with the monomers (a), and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of proteins (B) in an A:B weight ratio of from (95 to 10):(5 to 90), are used as tanning agents for self-tanning, pretanning and assist tanning of pelts and skin pelts and for the retanning of leather and skin.
摘要:
Agglomerated polymer particles of finely divided, water-soluble or water-swellable polymers containing ammonium carboxylate groups are prepared by azeotropic removal of water from water-in-oil emulsions of the water-soluble or water-swellable polymers which contain ammonium carboxylate groups in the presence of from 0.1 to 40% by weight, based on the polymers, of polyalkylene glycols which have an agglomerating effect and which are obtainable by an addition reaction of C2-C4-alkylene oxides with alcohols, phenols, amines or carboxylic acids and contain at least two polymerized alkylene oxide units and additionally of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the polymers, of protective colloids which are obtainable by free radical copolymerization of C8-C40-monoolefins with monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C6-dicarboxylic anhydrides by a mass polymerization method at from 80 to 300° C. to give copolymers having molecular weights of from 500 to 20,000 g/mol, and said agglomerated polymer particles are used as thickeners for textile pigment print pastes.
摘要:
Aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of copolymers suitable for the fatliquoring and filling of leather and fur skins are obtained by free-radical copolymerization ofA.sup.1) C.sub.6 -C.sub.40 -monoolefins or C.sub.6 -C.sub.40 -alkyl vinyl ethers or mixtures thereof withB.sup.1) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -dicarboxylic anhydrides or by free-radical copolymerization ofA.sup.2) C.sub.6 -C.sub.40 -alkyl acrylates or methacrylates or vinyl esters of C.sub.6 -C.sub.40 -carboxylic acids or mixtures thereof withB.sup.2) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids, amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids or mixtures thereofto give copolymers with molecular weights of 500 to 30,000, where the carboxyl groups which are present in aqueous medium are at least partially neutralized, and some of the carboxylic groups can be in amidated form,containing 0.5-40% by weight, based on the amount of copolymer, of defined emulsifiers.
摘要:
The use of aqueous solutions or dispersions of copolymers composed ofA) from 5 to 95 mol % of ethylenically unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 10 carbons, their anhydrides, their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts, or mixtures thereof,B) from 5 to 95 mol % of ethylenically unsaturated acetals, ketals or orthocarboxylic esters of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.12 independently are hydrogen or an organic radical anda to d independently are 0 or 1, andC) from 0 to 70 mol % of other copolymerizable monomersor their hydrolysis products or polymer-analogous reaction products, as tanning agents for the self-tanning, pretanning or assist tanning of leather pelts and skin pelts or for the retanning of leather and skins.
摘要:
Formaldehyde-free aqueous binders compriseA) a polymer containing from 5 to [lacuna]% by weight of units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydride or from an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid whose carboxyl groups can form an anhydride group, andB) an alkanolamine having at least two hydroxyl groups.
摘要:
Aqueous solutions or aqueous emulsions of copolymers are obtainable by copolymerization of (a) from 20 to 95 mol % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C12-dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof with (b) from 5 to 80 mol % of at least one branched oligomer or polymer which has a vinyl, vinylidene or alkylvinylene terminal group and is of at least 9 carbon atoms and (c) from 0 to 50 mol % of at least one further monoethylenically unsaturated compound which is copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (b) and contain from 0.5 to 70% by weight, based on the total amount of the solutions or emulsions, of these copolymers. These copolymer solutions or emulsions are suitable as leather assistants and as dispersants for pigments.
摘要:
A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of (a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and (b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without (c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or (d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.
摘要:
Copolymers containing (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate units, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of units of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in copolymerized form and having K values of at least 8 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution on the sodium salt of the copolymers at pH 7 and 25.degree. C.), processes for their preparation by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators and use of the vinyl formate copolymers and of the vinyl alcohol copolymers obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation as detergent and cleaner additives.
摘要:
A water-soluble or water-dispersible graft copolymer obtainable by free-radical graft copolymerization of(I) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer onto(II) polymers with a molecular weight of 200-5000 of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereofusing from 5 to 2,000 parts by weight of the monomers (I) per 100 parts by weight of grafting base, a process for preparing the graft copolymers and the use of the graft copolymers as additive to phosphate-free or reduced phosphate textile detergents, as dispersants and preventers of deposits in cleaners for hard surfaces and as water-treatment agents for reducing the deposition of scale and the separation out of water hardness in water-conveying systems.
摘要:
Aqueous solutions or dispersions of copolymers obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of (a) from 20 to 90% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C4-6-dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof, as component A, (b) from 5 to 50% by weight of at least one olefin having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, as component B, (c) from 5 to 50% by weight of at least one hydrophobic comonomer from the group consisting of long-chain olefins, esters of long-chain alcohols with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, long-chain amides of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and long-chain alkyl vinyl ethers, as component C, (d) from 0 to 40% by weight of further comonomers which can be copolymerized with the above monomers, as component D, where the sum of the amounts of components A, B, C and, if used, D is 100% by weight, followed by at least partial esterification or hydrolysis and neutralization and/or reaction of the carboxyl groups formed during the hydrolysis with bases, for treating leather and/or fur skins.