公开(公告)号：US4851331A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US863750

申请日：1986-05-16

申请人： Calvin P. H. Vary ,  Steven E. Diamond

发明人： Calvin P. H. Vary ,  Steven E. Diamond

IPC分类号： C12Q1/68

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6858 ,  C12Q1/6813 ,  C12Q1/6869 ,  Y10S435/81

摘要： A probe polynucleotide binds to a target nucleotide sequence in the nucleic acid of a biological sample, and then is enzymatically extended in the 3'-direction with a mixture of nucleoside triphosphates including at least one nucleoside triphosphate that has been detectably labeled. After separating extended hybrid from unreacted nucleoside triphosphates, detectably-modified nucleotides which have been incorporated are determined. In some forms, the 3'-terminal nucleotide of the probe polynucleotide is selected to form a matched pair with some sample strands, but a mismatched pair with other sample strands. In such cases, if the primer dependent enzyme used for extension is one lacking 3'-exonuclease activity, then only those hybrids forming such a matched pair will be extended and subsequently determined.

摘要翻译： 探针多核苷酸与生物样品的核酸中的靶核苷酸序列结合，然后在包含至少一个可检测标记的核苷三磷酸的核苷三磷酸的混合物的3'-方向上酶促延伸。 在从未反应的核苷三磷酸分离延长的杂交体后，测定已经掺入的可检测修饰的核苷酸。 在某些形式中，选择探针多核苷酸的3'-末端核苷酸以与一些样品链形成匹配对，但与其它样品链成错配对。 在这种情况下，如果用于延伸的引物依赖性酶是缺乏3'核酸外切酶活性的一种，则只有那些形成这种匹配对的杂交体将被扩展并随后确定。

公开(公告)号：US4813395A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-21

申请号：US43007

申请日：1987-04-27

申请人： Paul D. Daly ,  Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

发明人： Paul D. Daly ,  Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

IPC分类号： F01L9/00 ,  F02B25/00 ,  F02B25/14 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02D15/04

CPC分类号： F02D15/04 ,  F01L9/00 ,  F02B25/00 ,  F02B2075/025

摘要： A method and system, including a valve (32) for controlling the amount of fluid purged from a cylinder (12) of a two-cycle engine prior to the combustion of an air-fuel mixture within the cylinder especially during low demand periods of engine operation. The system including a throttle (26) disposed upstream of an inlet port (14) and controlled to be maintained in an open condition during such intervals. The valve (32), which is adapted to communicate with a scavenge port (30) includes a piston (80) that is movable relative to an aperature (76) in response to a pressure differential created in part by the operation of a cooperating electromagnetic valve (54), such that when the piston is moved to uncover the aperture a predeterminable amount of fluid within the cylinder can be purged therefrom as the cylinder piston is moved through its compression cycle.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和系统，包括用于在气缸内的空气 - 燃料混合物燃烧之前控制从双循环发动机的气缸（12）清除的流体的量的阀（32），特别是在发动机的低需求时段期间 操作。 该系统包括设置在入口端口（14）上游的节流阀（26），并被控制在这样的间隔期间保持在打开状态。 适于与清流口（30）连通的阀门（32）包括活塞（80），该活塞（80）响应于部分通过协作电磁铁的操作产生的压差而相对于温度（76）可移动 阀（54），使得当活塞移动以露出孔时，当气缸活塞移动通过其压缩循环时，气缸内的可预定量的流体可以从其中被清除。

公开(公告)号：US4807520A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-28

申请号：US656285

申请日：1984-10-01

申请人： Carlos A. Navarette

发明人： Carlos A. Navarette

IPC分类号： F15B15/08 ,  F15B15/14 ,  F16J1/12 ,  B64C13/42 ,  F15B13/10 ,  F16J1/00

CPC分类号： F15B15/1447

摘要： A linear hydraulic motor includes a piston rod of conventional steel carrying a fragible piston head movable in a cylinder, the head being designed to break away in the event the cylinder wall is punctured and deformed such that a portion of the cylinder wall becomes an obstacle in the path of the piston. Two or more such motors are frequently connected redundantly to one control surface such that if one motor is damaged, the other can continue to perform its function. The piston head is of a brittle metallic matrix material and includes a conventional seal groove formed on its cylindrical surface. Each of the opposite faces of the piston head contains a first deep circumferential groove radially outward from the rod, a second shallower circumferential groove positioned radially outward from the first circumferential groove at essentially the same radial position as the bottom of the seal groove, and a large number of radial grooves effectively dividing the faces into truncated sectors outboard of the deep grooves which can break away.

摘要翻译： 线性液压马达包括常规钢的活塞杆，其具有可在气缸中移动的易碎活塞头，该头部设计成在气缸壁被穿孔和变形的情况下脱离，使得气缸壁的一部分成为障碍物 活塞的路径。 两个或多个这样的电动机经常冗余地连接到一个控制表面，使得如果一个电动机损坏，另一个电动机可以继续执行其功能。 活塞头是脆性金属基质材料，包括在其圆柱形表面上形成的常规密封槽。 活塞头的每个相对表面包含从杆径向向外的第一深的周向槽，第二较浅的周向槽，与第一周向槽径向向外设置在与密封槽的底部基本相同的径向位置处， 大量的径向槽有效地将表面划分成可以脱离的深槽的外侧的截面扇区。

公开(公告)号：US4795701A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-03

申请号：US755996

申请日：1985-07-17

申请人： Calvin P. H. Vary

发明人： Calvin P. H. Vary

IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  C12Q1/00 ,  C12Q1/48 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N33/58 ,  C12Q1/34 ,  C12Q1/42

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6823 ,  C12Q1/48 ,  Y10S435/81

摘要： An RNA signal strand is displaced from a probe strand by a target nucleotide sequence. Without separation, a digestion enzyme selective for displaced RNA, e.g., a polynucleotide phosphorylase, digests the displaced RNA to nucleoside phosphates including ADP. The digestion products are detected, e.g. by phosphorylating the ADP to ATP and detecting the ATP by bioluminescence.

摘要翻译： RNA信号链通过靶核苷酸序列从探针链中移位。 没有分离，对位移的RNA，例如多核苷酸磷酸化酶选择性的消化酶，将置换的RNA消化到包括ADP的核苷磷酸盐。 检测消化产物，例如 通过将ADP磷酸化成ATP并通过生物发光检测ATP。

公开(公告)号：US4784367A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-15

申请号：US43277

申请日：1987-04-27

申请人： Paul D. Daly ,  Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

发明人： Paul D. Daly ,  Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

IPC分类号： F01L9/00 ,  F02B25/14 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02D13/02 ,  F16K31/40

CPC分类号： F02D13/0253 ,  F01L9/00 ,  F02B25/14 ,  F02D13/0276 ,  F02D13/028 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  Y02T10/18

摘要： A method and system, including a valve (32) for controlling the amount of fluid purged from a cylinder (12) of a two-cycle engine prior to the combustion of an air-fuel mixture within the cylinder especially during low demand periods of engine operation. The system including a throttle (26) disposed upstream of an inlet port (14) and controlled to be maintained in an open condition during such intervals. The valve (32), which is adapted to communicate with a scavenge port (30) includes a piston (80) that is movable relative to an aperture (76) in response to a pressure differential created in part by the operation of a cooperating electromagnetic valve (54), such that when the piston is moved to uncover the aperture a predeterminable amount of fluid within the cylinder can be purged therefrom as the cylinder piston is moved through its compression cycle.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和系统，包括用于在气缸内的空气 - 燃料混合物燃烧之前控制从双循环发动机的气缸（12）清除的流体的量的阀（32），特别是在发动机的低需求时段期间 操作。 该系统包括设置在入口端口（14）上游的节流阀（26），并被控制在这样的间隔期间保持在打开状态。 适于与清扫口（30）连通的阀（32）包括活塞（80），所述活塞（80）响应于通过协作电磁铁的操作部分产生的压力差而相对于孔（76）可移动 阀（54），使得当活塞移动以露出孔时，当气缸活塞移动通过其压缩循环时，气缸内的可预定量的流体可以从其中被清除。

公开(公告)号：US4771616A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：US835020

申请日：1986-02-28

申请人： Jim C. Sun ,  Mark B. Boone ,  James J. Dunbar ,  Gene C. Weedon

发明人： Jim C. Sun ,  Mark B. Boone ,  James J. Dunbar ,  Gene C. Weedon

IPC分类号： D01D1/10 ,  D01D10/00 ,  D01D13/02 ,  D01F13/04 ,  D06B3/04 ,  D06B9/00 ,  D06B3/02

CPC分类号： D01D10/00 ,  D01D13/02 ,  D01F13/04 ,  Y02P70/629

摘要： This invention is an apparatus and method of extracting a material from a continuous running length of fiber comprising continuously moving the fiber through a conduit while simultaneously flowing a solvent for the material through the conduit with the conduit having a length and cross sectional area sufficient to facilitate extraction of the desired amount of the material. The flow is preferred to be countercurrent to the movement of the fiber.

摘要翻译： 本发明是从纤维的连续行进长度提取材料的装置和方法，包括通过导管连续移动纤维，同时使材料的溶剂流过导管，导管的长度和横截面面积足以促进 提取所需量的材料。 流动优选与纤维的运动逆流。

公开(公告)号：US4767503A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-30

申请号：US527044

申请日：1983-08-29

申请人： Lamberto Crescentini ,  Joseph D. DeCaprio ,  William B. Fisher ,  Roy J. Lilley, Jr.

发明人： Lamberto Crescentini ,  Joseph D. DeCaprio ,  William B. Fisher ,  Roy J. Lilley, Jr.

IPC分类号： C07D201/16 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/38

CPC分类号： C07D201/16

摘要： This invention is a method of purifying crude caprolactam. The improved method comprises taking a portion of a process stream of crude caprolactam having low boiling impurities and distilling the stream in the presence of water by fractional distillation into an overhead containing water and low boiling impurities and bottoms of caprolactam having improved purity and low water content.The improvement also comprises taking a low water content stream of crude caprolactam having low boiling impurities and adding water to the stream and distilling the stream by fractional distillation as described above.

摘要翻译： 本发明是纯化己内酰胺的方法。 改进的方法包括取一部分具有低沸点杂质的粗己内酰胺的工艺流，并在水存在下通过分馏将该物流蒸馏到含有水和低沸点杂质的塔顶馏出物中，并且具有改善的纯度和低含水量的己内酰胺底部 。 改进之处还在于将低沸点杂质的低水含量的己内酰胺水含量低，并向水中加入水并通过如上所述的分馏蒸馏。

公开(公告)号：US4764607A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-16

申请号：US945117

申请日：1986-12-22

申请人： Laszlo J. Balint ,  Julius Greenburg

发明人： Laszlo J. Balint ,  Julius Greenburg

IPC分类号： C07D201/16

CPC分类号： C07D201/16

摘要： Method and improved apparatus for recovering a volatile organic material, such as caprolactam, from a liquid mixture of organic and inorganic materials are disclosed. The method features the step of mixing the liquid mixture with superheated steam for 0.005 to 1.0 second to vaporize a large portion of the volatile organic material without degrading the organic materials. The steam and vaporized organic materials are then separated from the liquid mixture remaining, followed by separation of the vaporized organic material from the steam. The vaporized organic material subsequently is condensed. The improved apparatus features means for introducing superheated steam into a vaporizer feed pipe, as well as means for mixing the superheated steam with the liquid mixture in the pipe for 0.005 to 1.0 second so that a large portion of the volatile organic material is vaporized and feeds with the steam and remaining liquid mixture into the vaporizer for separation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于从有机和无机材料的液体混合物中回收挥发性有机材料如己内酰胺的方法和改进的装置。 该方法的特征在于将液体混合物与过热蒸汽混合0.005至1.0秒以蒸发大部分挥发性有机材料而不降解有机材料。 然后将蒸汽和蒸发的有机材料与剩余的液体混合物分离，然后将蒸发的有机材料与蒸汽分离。 蒸发的有机材料随后被冷凝。 改进的装置具有用于将过热蒸汽引入蒸发器进料管的装置，以及用于将过热蒸汽与管中的液体混合物混合0.005至1.0秒的装置，使得大部分挥发性有机材料蒸发并进料 蒸汽和剩余的液体混合物进入蒸发器进行分离。

公开(公告)号：US4760818A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-02

申请号：US942526

申请日：1986-12-16

申请人： Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

发明人： Mark A. Brooks ,  Robert E. Fallis

IPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  F02M51/06 ,  F02M53/06 ,  F02M57/00 ,  F02M61/18 ,  F23Q7/00 ,  F02P19/00 ,  F02B9/08

CPC分类号： F23Q7/001 ,  F02M53/06 ,  F02M57/00

摘要： A fuel injector, system and method comprising means for ejecting fuel directly into a cylinder (14) an engine through a non-conductive, heat storing element. The element including a nozzle (44) portion comprising a preferably ceramic body having a narrow, first passage (158) in communication with a conical second portion (164). The two portions cooperating to cause the fuel to flow turbulently therethrough. The nozzle further includes a heater (174) for elevating the temperature to the nozzle to a predetermined temperture. In this manner, as the fuel contacts the heated nozzle it is atomized. In one embodiment of the invention a solid ceramic body is employed. In another embodiment, the nozzle (178) is formed by a plurality of stacked ceramic disks which include a central opening (182) therethrough and a plurality of heating elements (184), one for each disk. The openings (182) are sized to approximate the continuous conical portion of the solid body nozzle. A control (45) is provided for electrically heating the nozzle (44,178) during certain operating intervals of the engine and a method of operating the engine is described which permits the removal of the electrical energy and permits the nozzle to thereafter be heated by the heat of the combustion process in the cylinder.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料喷射器，系统和方法，包括用于通过非导电的蓄热元件将燃料直接喷射到发动机（14）中的装置。 所述元件包括喷嘴（44）部分，其包括具有与锥形第二部分（164）连通的窄的第一通道（158）的优选陶瓷体。 这两个部分配合以使燃料湍流地流过其中。 喷嘴还包括用于将温度升高到喷嘴到预定温度的加热器（174）。 以这种方式，当燃料与加热的喷嘴接触时，其被雾化。 在本发明的一个实施例中，采用了固体陶瓷体。 在另一个实施例中，喷嘴（178）由多个堆叠的陶瓷盘形成，其包括通过其的中心开口（182）和多个加热元件（184），每个盘用于一个。 开口（182）的尺寸设置成近似于固体本体喷嘴的连续锥形部分。 提供了一种用于在发动机的某些操作间隔期间对喷嘴（44,178）进行电加热的控制器（45），并且描述了操作发动机的方法，其允许去除电能并且允许喷嘴之后被热量加热 的气缸中的燃烧过程。

公开(公告)号：US4757118A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-12

申请号：US821657

申请日：1986-01-23

申请人： Sajal Das ,  Dusan C. Prevorsek

发明人： Sajal Das ,  Dusan C. Prevorsek

IPC分类号： C08G8/28 ,  C08G73/06 ,  C08G73/16 ,  C08G8/36

CPC分类号： C08G73/0655 ,  C08G73/16 ,  C08G8/28

摘要： Modified phenolic resins and cured resins prepared therefrom.