公开(公告)号：US2682523A

公开(公告)日：1954-06-29

申请号：US16396650

申请日：1950-05-24

申请人： SHELL DEV

发明人： TALLEY SAMUEL K ,  REAMER THOMAS E

IPC分类号： B01F17/00 ,  C07C19/01 ,  C08K5/02 ,  C10G73/38 ,  C10M105/52 ,  C10M131/14 ,  C10M173/00 ,  C10M173/02 ,  H01B3/22 ,  H01B3/24

CPC分类号： C07C19/01 ,  B01F17/0085 ,  C08K5/02 ,  C10G73/38 ,  C10M105/525 ,  C10M131/14 ,  C10M173/00 ,  C10M173/02 ,  C10M2201/02 ,  C10M2201/041 ,  C10M2201/042 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/066 ,  C10M2201/083 ,  C10M2201/085 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/102 ,  C10M2203/104 ,  C10M2203/106 ,  C10M2203/108 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/14 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2205/17 ,  C10M2207/023 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/10 ,  C10M2207/121 ,  C10M2207/122 ,  C10M2207/123 ,  C10M2207/125 ,  C10M2207/128 ,  C10M2207/129 ,  C10M2207/144 ,  C10M2207/146 ,  C10M2207/22 ,  C10M2207/24 ,  C10M2207/284 ,  C10M2207/285 ,  C10M2207/287 ,  C10M2207/288 ,  C10M2207/289 ,  C10M2207/40 ,  C10M2207/402 ,  C10M2207/404 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/04 ,  C10M2209/06 ,  C10M2209/062 ,  C10M2209/08 ,  C10M2209/082 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2209/104 ,  C10M2209/108 ,  C10M2209/109 ,  C10M2211/08 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2215/044 ,  C10M2215/06 ,  C10M2215/062 ,  C10M2215/064 ,  C10M2215/065 ,  C10M2215/066 ,  C10M2215/08 ,  C10M2215/082 ,  C10M2215/10 ,  C10M2215/102 ,  C10M2215/12 ,  C10M2215/16 ,  C10M2215/18 ,  C10M2215/20 ,  C10M2215/202 ,  C10M2215/204 ,  C10M2215/22 ,  C10M2215/221 ,  C10M2215/225 ,  C10M2215/226 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2215/28 ,  C10M2215/30 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/02 ,  C10M2219/024 ,  C10M2219/042 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2219/064 ,  C10M2219/085 ,  C10M2223/02 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202 ,  C10N2240/40 ,  C10N2240/401 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/403 ,  C10N2240/404 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2240/406 ,  C10N2240/407 ,  C10N2240/408 ,  C10N2240/409 ,  H01B3/22 ,  H01B3/24

摘要： A paraffin wax recovered from a mineral oil residue and having a melting-point of at least 160, preferably above 180 DEG F., an average molecular weight of above 475, preferably 525-1000, and containing at least 60, preferably at least 80, per cent by weight of straight-chain paraffins is halogenated to a halogen content of 20-60 per cent by weight. Crude waxy mineral oil of paraffinic or mixed base type is vacuum distilled, e.g. to remove all fractions boiling below 650 DEG F at 130 mm., and to leave a short residue fraction. This may be deasphalted and/or solvent extracted, and is then de-waxed by a solvent, the wax de-oiled by dissolving in the usual solvents, e.g. using 7 vols. to 1 of wax at a solution temperature of about 140 DEG F., and wax precipitated by cooling to about 60 DEG F. This wax is dissolved in 2-10 vols. of a de-waxing solvent at a temperature of at least the melting-point of the wax, generally about 150-170 DEG F., and the solution cooled to about 65-80 DEG F. below the melting-point of the wax desired to be precipitated. To recover high-melting wax, the filtration temperature must be, in general, about 100 DEG F. or more. Wax in solution may be recovered by distilling off solvent or precipitating at a lower temperature. Various wax fractions or combinations thereof having the stated characteristics may be used for the halogenation. Chlorine is preferred but fluorine, bromine or dis-similar halogens may be introduced. Thus, chlorine may be passed into the molten wax at 230-248 DEG F. to a content of 30 per cent, and the product blown with nitrogen. Halogenation may also be effected by the processes of U.S.A. Specifications 2,186,916, 2,340,968, 2,370,787, 2,372,414, and 2,403,179. Products containing chlorine, fluorine or both, the chlorine content being at least 80 per cent of the total halogen, are specified. The products are used as lubricants for metal working, in coating and protective agents, fireproofing and dielectric compositions, hydraulic fluids, fly-paper coating, plasticizers, and additives for cutting oils, lubricants, and greases. They may be added to neutral vehicles such as water, mineral, fatty or other oils, greases, polymers, and resins. They can be emulsified with water using partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and monocarboxylic acids as emulsifiers, with additions of cationic wetting-agents, detergents, oils, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and the like. Partial esters of glycerine, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and sorbitan with acids having an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical of at least 8, e.g. 10-40. carbon atoms are exemplified. They may be condensed with alkylene oxides or hydrogenated. The wetting agents include amines and their salts or amides, preferably having long-chain aliphatic radicals, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The emulsions may contain: 3-50 per cent halogenated wax, 1-25 emulsifier, 0.1-10 wetting agent, balance water. A base emulsion made by mixing the liquified wax with the other ingredients can be diluted with additional water or aqueous media. The compositions may include phosphatides, fatty or voltolized oils, sulphonates, metal stearates, phenates, alkyl or amino phenols, amines, long-chain dicarboxylic acids, compounds containing an acidic radical close to a mercapto, nitrile, nitro or nitroso group, urea or thiourea derivatives, carbazides, carbazones, polymerized olefins or esters. Examples are given of drawing lubricants containing 30-40 per cent chlorinated wax, 2-4 per cent sorbitan or glycerol mono-oleate, mannitan monolaurate or pentaerythritol monocaprylate, 4-8 polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate or stearate or polyoxyethylene mannitan monolaurate, 2-4 lauryl, stearyl, dodecyl, abietyl or oleyl amine or stearic amide, and balance water except in one case where 5 per cent mineral oil is included.ALSO:Lubricants, especially for metal working, comprise a product obtained from a paraffin wax recovered from a mineral oil residue and having a melting point of at least 160 DEG , preferably above 180 DEG F, an average molecular weight of above 475, preferably 525-1000, and containing at least 60, preferably at least 80 per cent by weight of straight-chain paraffins, by halogenating to a halogen content of 20-60 per cent by weight. Crude waxy mineral oil of paraffinic or mixed base type is vacuum distilled, e.g. to remove all fractions boiling below 650 DEG F at 130 mm., and to leave a short residue fraction. This may be de-asphalted and/or solvent extracted, and is then de-waxed by a solvent, the wax de-oiled by dissolving in the usual solvents; e.g. using 7 vols to 1 of wax at a solution temperature of about 140 DEG F, and wax precipitated by cooling to about 60 DEG F. This wax is dissolved in 2-10 vols. of a de-waxing solvent at a temperature of at least the melting point of the wax, generally about 150-170 DEG F, and the solution cooled to about 65-80 DEG F below the melting point of the wax desired to be precipitated. To recover high melting wax, the filtration temperature must be, in general, about 100 DEG F or more. Wax in solution may be recovered by distilling off solvent or precipitating at a lower temperature. Various wax fractions or combinations thereof having the stated characteristics may be used for the halogenation. Chlorine is preferred but fluorine, bromine or dissimilar halogens may be introduced (see Group IV(b)). The products are used as lubricants for metal working and additives for cutting oils, lubricants and greases. They may be added to neutral vehicles such as water, mineral, fatty or other oils, greases, polymers, and resins. They can be emulsified with water using partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and monocarboxylic acids as emulsifiers, with additions of cationic wetting agents, detergents, oils, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors and the like. Partial esters of glycerine, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and sorbitan with acids having an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical of at least 8, e.g. 10-40 carbon atoms are exemplified. They may be condensed with alkylene oxides or hydrogenated. The wetting agents include amines and their salts or amides, preferably having long chain aliphatic radicals, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The emulsions may contain: 3-50 per cent halogenated wax, 1-25 emulsifier, 0.1-10 wetting agent, balance water. A base emulsion made by mixing the liquefied wax with the other ingredients can be diluted with additional water or aqueous media. The compositions may include phosphatides, fatty or voltolized oils, sulphonates, metal stearates, phenates, alkyl or amino phenols, amines, long chain dicarboxylic acids, compounds containing an acidic radical close to a mercapto, nitrile, nitro or nitroso group, urea or thiourea derivatives, carbazides, carbazones, polymerized olefins or esters. Examples are given of drawing lubricants containing 30-40 per cent chlorinated wax, 2-4 per cent sorbitan or glycerol mono-oleate, mannitan monolaurate or pentaerythritol monocaprylate, 4-8 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or stearate or polyoxyethylene mannitan monolaurate, 2-4 lauryl, stearyl, dodecyl, abietyl or oleyl amine or stearic amide, and balance water except in one case where 5 per cent mineral oil is included.

公开(公告)号：US06532784B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

申请号：US09786404

申请日：2001-04-02

申请人： Joseph A. Dunn ,  William P. Warkentin ,  Edward Elizondo

发明人： Joseph A. Dunn ,  William P. Warkentin ,  Edward Elizondo

IPC分类号： B21D915

CPC分类号： B21D26/053 ,  B21D37/18 ,  C10M101/02 ,  C10M101/025 ,  C10M105/525 ,  C10M109/02 ,  C10M2205/163 ,  C10M2207/2815 ,  C10M2211/083 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2223/00 ,  C10M2227/00 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2250/04 ,  C10N2260/04 ,  C10N2260/06

摘要： A process of mechanical hydroforming, in which a hollow tube is caused to expand against the interior surface of a die that surrounds the tube by hydraulic pressure applied to a liquid that fills the interior of the tube, is improved by coating the part of the exterior surface of the tube that comes into contact with the die surface against which it expands with a wax that is solid at normal room temperature but can be maintained fully melted and in contact with air, without showing any visible evidence of decomposition, at a temperature that is at least 75 degrees C. Preferably, the wax is applied to the surface to be hydroformed by spraying from melt onto the surface while the latter is maintained above the melt temperature of the wax. Shortly after the wax has been thus applied to the surface, the wax is cooled until it solidifies. Most preferably, the wax is an “oxidized hydrocarbon” wax that is about 95% hydrocarbon and 5% straight chain carboxylic acids and contains a wide variety of molecular weights of both hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids.

摘要翻译： 一种机械液压成型方法，其中使中空管通过施加到填充管内部的液体的液压而围绕管的模具的内表面膨胀，通过涂覆外部的一部分而得到改善 与模具表面接触的管的表面，其与其在正常室温下为固体的蜡膨胀，但是可以保持完全熔化并与空气接触，而不显示任何明显的分解迹象，温度在 至少为75摄氏度。优选地，蜡通过从熔体喷射到表面上而被施加到待加氢成形的表面上，同时将蜡保持在蜡的熔融温度以上。 在将蜡施加到表面之后不久，将蜡冷却直到其固化。 最优选地，蜡是约95％烃和5％直链羧酸的“氧化烃”蜡，并且含有各种各样的烃和羧酸的分子量。

公开(公告)号：US06284715B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-04

申请号：US09500795

申请日：2000-02-10

申请人： Gian Paolo Gambaretto

发明人： Gian Paolo Gambaretto

IPC分类号： C10M10552

CPC分类号： C10M105/525 ,  C09G3/00

摘要： Fluorinated solvents are used for the application of fluorinated waxes to skis without impairing the physico-mechanical characteristics of the ski sole. The fluorinated waxes are applied to skis in the form of a spray or an aerosol allowing for quick and effective application of high melting point fluorinated waxes onto ski soles. The fluorinated solvent may be one or more linear, branched, cross-linked, or cyclic perfluorinated compounds having a boiling temperature ranging between 30° C. and 150° C., and preferably between 50° C. and 100° C. Fluorinated waxes can be dissolved in such solvents, and the mixtures of fluorinated waxes and solvents are stored in spray cans and are sprayed onto the ski soles as aerosols or as sprays.

摘要翻译： 氟化溶剂用于将氟化蜡应用于滑雪板，而不损害滑雪鞋的物理机械特性。 氟化蜡以喷雾或气溶胶的形式施用于滑雪板，允许将高熔点氟化蜡快速有效地施用到滑雪鞋底上。 氟化溶剂可以是沸点为30℃至150℃，优选50℃至100℃的一种或多种线性，支化，交联或环状全氟化合物。氟化蜡 可以溶解在这样的溶剂中，并且将氟化蜡和溶剂的混合物储存在喷雾罐中，并作为气溶胶或喷雾剂喷洒到滑雪鞋底上。