Abstract:
A method for producing sodium bicarbonate from a nahcolite deposit comprising injecting water or other aqueous solution at a temperature of at least 250null F. into the deposit, dissolving sodium bicarbonate in the hot water to form a production solution and subjecting the production solution to multiple stages of crystallization. The sodium bicarbonate crystals may be dewatered and dried to form a commercial sodium bicarbonate product.
Abstract:
A heated catalyst support device for a reactor including a reactor vessel containing a bed of catalyst particles. The device includes a permeable support plate having a channel extending therethrough, where the support plate is adapted to contact the bed of catalyst particles. The device further includes a heating element extending through the channel in the support plate. A method for starting up a water gas shift reactor is provided that includes applying heat to the bed of catalyst particles using the heating element, measuring a temperature in the bed of catalyst particles. and starting up the water gas shift reactor when the temperature exceeds a saturation temperature for a desired operating pressure.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a microsize driving device in which falling of track proteins from an arrangement of motor protein molecules arranged on a linear track groove provided on a substrate is suppressed and utilization of kinetic energy of track proteins as a driving energy is made possible by controlling the moving direction to a single direction. Namely, provided is a microsize driving device which comprises a substrate, an arrangement of motor protein molecules such as, for example, kinesin molecules deposited on the bottom of a linear track groove provided thereon and track proteins such as, for example, microtubules disposed thereon and is characterized in that the said linear track groove has side surfaces shaped in such a structure as to permit a linear movement of the track proteins moving in a certain specific direction but to inhibit the track proteins moving in the reverse direction thereto causing reversion for the movement in the above mentioned specific direction.
Abstract:
A precursor and method for filling a feature in a substrate. The method generally includes depositing a barrier layer, the barrier layer being formed from pentakis(dimethylamido)tantalum having less than about 5 ppm of chlorine. The method additionally may include depositing a seed layer over the barrier layer and depositing a conductive layer over the seed layer. The precursor generally includes pentakis(dimethylamido)tantalum having less than about 5 ppm of chlorine. The precursor is generated in a canister having a surrounding heating element configured to reduce formation of impurities.
Abstract:
A tube supporting device is described which in a preferred embodiment comprises ferrules (1) located on the tubes (2), brace means (3) connecting the ferrules (1) and cleats (7) connecting rows of tubes (2). The brace means (3) may be held in position by means of a retaining band (8) which itself is located in position by a stave (9). The support structure is capable of being assembled as the tube bundle is assembled.
Abstract:
Chemical microreators for chemical systhesis and their methods of manufacture are known, but have disadvantages such as extremely high manufacturing costs or poor flexibility for adaptation to various cases of application. These disadvantages are avoided by means of the microreators and manufacturing methods according to the invention. The microreators are characterized in that the reactors contain fluid ducts in at least one plane as well as feed and return lines for fluids, wherein the fluid ducts are defined by side walls of metal opposing each other and further side walls of metal or plastic extending between said side walls, and in which the planes are connected together and/or with a closure segment closing open fluid ducts by means of appropriate solder or adhesive layers. The manufacturing method is characterized by process sequences in which the individual reactor planes produced by means of electrolytic methods, are connected together by soldering or gluing.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for furnishing a reaction mixture for a reforming catalyst of a fuel cell assembly, having a) an air infeed with means for regulating an air flow rate; b) a fuel infeed with means for regulating a fuel flow rate; c) a water vapor generator with means for regulating a water vapor flow rate; d) a liquid water infeed with means for regulating a liquid water flow rate; and e) a control unit, which communicates with the liquid water infeed, the water vapor generator, the fuel infeed, and the air infeed; and via the control unit, controlling variables for the fuel infeed, the liquid water infeed, the water vapor generator and the air infeed which are furnished as a function of a power demand to the fuel cell and as a function of an operating phase of the apparatus.