Abstract:
A microcomponent (1) for carrying out chemical reactions has an electric heating element, which is arranged directly on the surface of the microcomponent (1). The electric heating element can have, for example, a printed conductor track (3) applied to the surface of the microcomponent (1). The heating of the microcomponent (1) can be measured continuously using a temperature sensor essentially consisting of a resistance thermometer (4). The microcomponent (1) and the electric heating element can be produced by means of semiconductor manufacturing methods. A plurality of microcomponents (1) can be used arranged alongside one another for carrying out a complex reaction process.
Abstract:
A method, apparatus and kit forms a plurality of closed reaction chambers to simultaneously conduct multiple chemical reactions. The apparatus includes a plate of wells and an array of sets of bound chemical reactants. A well has a deformable closed end and an open end opposite the closed end. When assembled together, the array covers open ends of the wells in the plate to form a reaction assembly having a plurality of closed cells that is one or more of gas, liquid and/or fluid tight. The deformable closed end of the well is flexible such that a test sample is displaced toward a set of chemical reactants in a closed cell for mixing. The array may include spatially arranged prongs distally extending from a support with the sets of chemical reactants bound to distal ends of prongs.
Abstract:
An air sterilization system comprising an adherent agent, a plurality of electrostatically charged non-conductive objects, and high-energy is disclosed. The system preferably includes an enclosed chamber, an adherent generator, and at least one high-energy source. The air produced by the sterilization system is breathable air. A method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is disclosed. The method includes flowing air through a channel, injecting adherent agent into the air in the channel, and irradiating at least a portion of an internal volume of the channel with a high-energy field. The channel is preferably filled with objects that acquire an electrostatic charge when irradiated with a microwave field. These objects preferably maintain at least a portion of their charge when substantially enveloped in a vapor of adherent agent.
Abstract:
An apparatus and methods for treating dentures at elevated pressured to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment employs a sealed pressure containment vessel. Denture cleaning, disinfecting, deorderizing, brightening, bleaching can be performed using this apparatus and method and the effectiveness of conventional active agents in removing plaque or the biolayer on the surface of the denture can be improved. Active agents can be forced into pores, fissures and microscopic openings in dentures to remove pathogens or contaminants that cannot be reached by conventional processes. The effectiveness of conventional effervescent denture treatment tablets can also be increased.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a microsize driving device in which falling of track proteins from an arrangement of motor protein molecules arranged on a linear track groove provided on a substrate is suppressed and utilization of kinetic energy of track proteins as a driving energy is made possible by controlling the moving direction to a single direction. Namely, provided is a microsize driving device which comprises a substrate, an arrangement of motor protein molecules such as, for example, kinesin molecules deposited on the bottom of a linear track groove provided thereon and track proteins such as, for example, microtubules disposed thereon and is characterized in that the said linear track groove has side surfaces shaped in such a structure as to permit a linear movement of the track proteins moving in a certain specific direction but to inhibit the track proteins moving in the reverse direction thereto causing reversion for the movement in the above mentioned specific direction.
Abstract:
The invention provides an apparatus for online and on-site tracer generation for tagging natural gas stored in underground storage fields wherein feedstock is drawn from a feedstock source. The feedstock undergoes initial analysis to determine hydrocarbons levels. The feedstock then undergoes reaction to produce tracers such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The feedstock is then analyzed to determine post reaction tracer concentration. The feedstock including generated tracers is then introduced back into the feedstock stream. Tracer levels in the pre-reaction or initial analysis of feedstock are compared with tracer levels in the post-reaction feedstock and the rate of flow of feedstock through the system is adjusted to achieve a predetermined level of tracer concentration. The level of tracer concentration will then be used to identify the particular natural gas charge in a storage field.
Abstract:
A system is provided wherein a devolatilizing reactor is used to make combinatorial libraries of materials. Examples of suitable reactors include continuous high viscosity devolatilizers and continuous devolatilizing kneaders.
Abstract:
Disclosed are apparatus for delivery of a gas, e.g., carbon dioxide and/or chlorine dioxide, and methods of its use and manufacture. The apparatus includes a sachet constructed in part with a hydrophobic material. The sachet contains one or more reactants that generate a gas in the presence of an initiating agent, e.g., water. The apparatus can also include a barrier layer and/or a rigid frame. In another embodiment, the apparatus is combined with a reservoir that can be used to deliver a gas to the reservoir and, optionally, a conduit. In another embodiment, the apparatus is incorporated into a fluid dispersion system that includes a dispersion apparatus, e.g., a humidifier.
Abstract:
A precursor and method for filling a feature in a substrate. The method generally includes depositing a barrier layer, the barrier layer being formed from pentakis(dimethylamido)tantalum having less than about 5 ppm of chlorine. The method additionally may include depositing a seed layer over the barrier layer and depositing a conductive layer over the seed layer. The precursor generally includes pentakis(dimethylamido)tantalum having less than about 5 ppm of chlorine. The precursor is generated in a canister having a surrounding heating element configured to reduce formation of impurities.
Abstract:
A parallel chemical production system producing a desired product by operating a plurality of reactors in parallel. The fluidic properties of each of the reactors are identical to the properties of a test reactor employed to determine conditions for producing the product, to facilitate scaling up production. In one embodiment, the production system is configured such that at least one reactor is always offline for cleaning, servicing, and use as a backup. If sensors detect less than optimal conditions in any reactor, the reactor is taken offline and serviced, while a previously designated backup reactor is placed online to maintain continuous production. Another aspect involves arranging the reactors in a concentric configuration to facilitate equal fluid distribution.