摘要:
A catalyst comprising chromia and at least one additional metal or compound thereof and wherein the catalyst has a total pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm3/g and the mean pore diameter is greater than or equal to 90 Å, wherein the total pore volume is measured by N2 adsorption porosimetry and the mean pore diameter is measured by N2 BET adsorption porosimetry, and wherein the at least one additional metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sc, Al, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, In, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, La, Ce and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
The present invention relates to improvements in known gold containing catalysts. In particular, the present invention relates to improving the stability and/or inhibition of deactivation of gold containing catalysts via the addition of an inorganic oxide, hydroxide, oxo-salt or oxo-acid. There is also disclosed a method for preparing said catalyst most suitably via an impregnation method. Such catalysts are useful in the production of vinyl chloride monomer.
摘要:
The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of this gas processing system.
摘要:
A catalyst comprising chromia and at least one additional metal or compound thereof and wherein the catalyst has a total pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm3/g and the mean pore diameter is greater than or equal to 90 Å, wherein the total pore volume is measured by N2 adsorption porosimetry and the mean pore diameter is measured by N2 BET adsorption porosimetry, and wherein the at least one additional metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sc, Al, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, In, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, La, Ce and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
Supported, bimetallic catalyst systems are provided. The supported, bimetallic catalyst system can include a support defining a surface; a core metal positioned on the surface of the support; and a shell metal positioned on the core metal to form a core-shell particle on the surface of the support. The core metal has a surface free energy that is higher than a surface free energy of the shell metal. Methods are also provided for the formation of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems, as well as the use of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems in chemical processes.
摘要:
A process for dehydrating a hydrofluorocarbon or hydrochlorofluorocarbon, which can be done by simple equipment, and a continuous process of producing 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene using the dehydration process. The dehydration process includes cooling the hydrofluorocarbon or hydrochlorofluorocarbon in gaseous form containing water with a heat exchanger, thereby condensing and liquefying the hydrofluorocarbon or hydrochlorofluorocarbon while freezing and solidifying the water. The 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene production method includes a first step for fluorinating 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene with hydrogen fluoride to obtain a mixture of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, unreacted 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride and by-products, or dehydrofluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane to obtain a mixture of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, unreacted 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and by-products, a second step for removing acidic components, a third step for dehydrating the 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by the above dehydration process, and a fourth step for purifying the 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by distillation.
摘要:
A catalyst including gold, or a compound thereof, and sulphur, a compound of sulphur, trichloroisocyanuric acid or a metal dichloroisocyanurate on a support, together with a process for manufacturing the catalyst and its use in a chemical process are described.
摘要:
Disclosed are azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd(Z)) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as an intermediate in the production of 1233zd(Z). The latter compound is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent, aerosol propellant, heat transfer medium, dielectric, fire extinguishing composition and power cycle working fluid.
摘要:
Disclosed are azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd(Z)) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as an intermediate in the production of 1233zd(Z). The latter compound is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent, aerosol propellant, heat transfer medium, dielectric, fire extinguishing composition and power cycle working fluid.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), comprising: (i) contacting 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (1230xa) with hydrogen fluoride HF in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture; (ii) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and a second stream comprising HF, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233xf) and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb); (iii) recycling at least a part of the second stream at least in part back to step (i).