Abstract:
The present invention provides a water based friction control composition comprising a binder a rheological control agent, and optionally a lubricant. The liquid friction control composition may also comprise other components such as a wetting agent, a consistency modifier, and a preservative. The liquid friction control compositions may be used to modify the interfacial friction characteristics in sliding and rolling-sliding contact such as steel wheel-rail systems including mass transit and freight systems. A method of reducing lateral force, reducing energy consumption, or controlling friction between a metal surface and a second metal surface by applying the composition to metal surface, for example a top of rail or wheel, is also provided. The composition may be sprayed onto the rail surface.
Abstract:
A method for increasing muscular volume of a muscle in a human is provided. The method comprises injecting a composition comprising hyaluronic acid (HA) into one or more than one location of a muscle, thereby increasing the muscular volume as compared to before the injection. The muscle may be an arm, leg, chest, back or buttock muscle, or any other desired muscle. A method for altering a contour of a muscle in a human is also provided, which comprises obtaining an image of the contour of the muscle, determining a new contour, injecting an HA composition into one or more than one location of the muscle to obtain the new contour, thereby altering the contour as compared to before the injection. A use of a composition comprising HA for increasing muscular volume of a muscle in a human is also provided, where the composition is for injection into muscle.
Abstract:
There is an improved method for supplying gaseous fuel from a liquid state to an internal combustion engine comprising employing a second internal combustion engine as a source of energy; pumping the gaseous fuel in the liquid state by transforming energy from the source of energy into mechanical work for the pumping; exchanging waste heat from the second internal combustion engine in a first heat exchange fluid circulating through the second internal combustion engine to a second heat exchange fluid; vaporizing the gaseous fuel pumped from the liquid state with heat from the second heat exchange fluid; and delivering the gaseous fuel vaporized from the liquid state to the internal combustion engine; wherein a pressure of the gaseous fuel delivered to the internal combustion engine is maintained within a predetermined range of tolerance by the pumping.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for wrapping insulation around a vessel comprising rotating the vessel about an axis; wrapping insulation around the vessel in a plane offset from the axis as the vessel rotates; and translating one end of the vessel relative to the plane as the vessel rotates, the relative translation between the one end and the plane is along a path of translation; whereby a portion of the vessel at the one end remains uncovered, a shape of the portion is influenced by the path of translation.
Abstract:
A multifunctional spacer is provided for a dual fuel internal combustion engine. The spacer provides a separate passage for supplying a second fuel to a dual fuel injection valve of the engine wherein the passage for supplying a first fuel to the dual fuel injection valve is provided separately in the cylinder head. The spacer is located on top of the cylinder head and it also serves the purpose of extending the bore provided in the cylinder head for accommodating the dual fuel injection valve. In some embodiments the spacer can provide support for different parts of the actuating mechanism for the cylinder's intake and exhaust valves.
Abstract:
A method of producing a virus like particle (VLP) in a plant, and compositions comprising VLPs, are provided. The method involves introducing a nucleic acid comprising a regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a chimeric nucleotide sequence encoding, in series, an ectodomain from a virus trimeric surface protein or fragment thereof, fused to an influenza transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, into the plant, or portion of the plant, the ectodomain is from a non- influenza virus trimeric surface protein and heterologous with respect to the influenza transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail. The plant or portion of the plant are incubated under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acid, thereby producing the VLP. A VLP produced by this method are also provided.
Abstract:
Methods of preparing plant-derived proteins or suprastructure proteins, are provided. The method may comprise obtaining a plant, or plant matter comprising apoplast-localized proteins, or suprastructure proteins, producing a protoplast/spheroplast fraction and apoplast fraction from the plant or plant matter, and recovering the apoplast fraction. The apoplast fraction comprises plant-derived proteins or suprastructure proteins,. Alternatively, the proteins, or suprastructure proteins, may be obtained from plant or plant matter comprising plant-derived proteins or suprastructure proteins, by digesting the plant matter using a cell wall degrading enzyme composition to produced a digested fraction. The digested fraction is filtered to produced a filtered fraction, and the plant-derived proteins or suprastructure proteins, are recovered from the filtered fraction.
Abstract:
A method for synthesizing chimeric influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) within a plant or a portion of a plant is provided. The method involves expression of chimeric influenza HA in a plant or a portion of a plant. The invention is also directed towards a VLP comprising chimeric influenza HA protein and plants lipids. The invention is also directed to a nucleic acid encoding chimeric influenza HA as well as vectors. The VLPs may be used to formulate influenza vaccines, or may be used to enrich existing vaccines.
Abstract:
A pressure control system comprises separate conduits for supplying liquefied gas and vapour from a cryogen space defined by a cryogenic storage tank. A first conduit can deliver liquefied gas to a use device through a heater and then a first flow controller. A second conduit can deliver vapour to the use device with flow therethrough controlled by a second flow controller. The first flow controller is not exposed to liquefied gas at cryogenic temperatures because it is located downstream from the heater. For automatic operation a pressure sensor measures pressure inside the cryogen space and the first and second flow controllers are independently operable to maintain the pressure inside the cryogen space within a predetermined range. In a preferred embodiment the liquefied gas is a combustible fuel that is consumed by an internal combustion engine, which is the use device.
Abstract:
Provided is an enzyme mixture for hydrolyzing a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to soluble sugars. The enzyme mixture comprises EG4 at a fractional concentration (fEG4) of about 0.09 to about 0.91 (w/w), Swollenin at a fractional concentration (f S wo1 ) of about 0 to about 0.91(w/w), and Cip1 at a fractional concentration (f Cip1 ) of 0 to about 0.42 measured relative to all of the accessory enzymes present in the enzyme mixture. Also provided are processes for converting a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to soluble sugars using the enzyme mixtures, and methods of using and producing such enzyme mixtures.