摘要:
In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.
摘要:
The present invention provides novel Ruthenium-based transition metal complex catalysts comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, and olefin selective.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions.
摘要:
A process for catalytically treating a feed stream containing at least one organic compound is provided, which includes providing a distillative reaction system having a reaction section positioned at a top portion of the distillative reaction system and a reboiler and/or gas stripping section for vaporizing at least a portion of a bottom stream and returning the vaporized portion of the bottom stream to a bottom portion of the distillative reaction system, introducing an organic feed stream into the distillative reaction system below the uppermost reaction section, optionally introducing a gaseous reactant feed stream into the distillative reaction system below the uppermost reaction section, and removing an overhead product stream from a portion of the distillative reaction system above the uppermost reaction section without substantial reflux or recycling of the overhead product stream or feeding any other liquid stream that might recycle the desired products or any other compounds that are undesired to be refluxed, into the uppermost reaction section.
摘要:
A catalytic process for converting biomass-derived carbohydrates to liquid alkanes, alkenes, and/or ethers is described. The process uses combinations of self- and crossed-aldol condensation reactions, dehydration reactions, and hydrogenation reactions, over specified metal-containing catalysts, to yield alkane, alkene, and ether products from carbohydrate reactants.
摘要:
A process for alkylation of a hydrocarbon compound includes providing a catalyst including a zeolite Y having a crystal size of no more than 100 nm, and reacting an alkylatable hydrocarbon with an alkylating agent in the presence of the catalyst under alkylation reaction conditions to provide a gasoline product having a Research Octane Number of over 99.5.
摘要:
On décrit une zéolithe de type structural EUO comprenant au moins un élément X choisi parmi le silicium et le germanium et au moins un élément T choisi parmi l'aluminium, le fer, le gallium, le vanadium, le zirconium, le molybdène, l'arsenic, l'antimoine, le chrome et le manganèse. Elle contient au moins au moins un cation alkyiquinuclidinium dans sa porosité intracristalline et présente un rapport atomique N/X supérieur à 0,065, N représentant l'élément azote. La présente invention concerne également un procédé de préparation de ladite zéolithe et l'utilisation de celle-ci comme solide acide dans un procédé de conversion de charges hydrocarbonées.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, which can be used as gasoline blending components. The obtained gasoline blending component is substantially free of sulphur compounds. The process comprises simultaneous hydrogenation of olefins and degradation of sulphur compounds by hydrogenolysis. In the process a feed-stock containing as impurities sulphur compounds is hydrogenated in two steps in the presence of a noble metal catalyst on aluminium oxide support, and in the first step the major part of olefins are converted and in the secondary step the remaining olefins and sulphur compounds react.
摘要:
Verfahren zur Trennung eines Gemisches von Stoffen A und B durch Extraktivdestillation unter Verwendung eines Extraktionsmittels mit einer höheren Affinität zu B als zu A, wobei man einen A und B enthaltenden Zulaufstrom dem Extraktionsmittel in einer Kolonne (3) entgegenführt, wobei eine A enthaltende Kopffraktion (6) sowie eine B und Extraktionsmittel enthaltende Flüssigfraktion erhalten wird, die Flüssigfraktion auf einem Sammelboden (7) sammelt und in einem ersten indirekten Wärmetauscher (9) erwärmt und teilweise verdampft, den entstehenden Dampf in die Kolonne (3) freisetzt und einen nicht verdampften Anteil der Flüssigfraktion als Sumpffraktion (11) im Sumpf der Kolonne sammelt, die Sumpffraktion nacheinander in einem zweiten indirekten Wärmetauscher (13) und einem dritten indirekten Wärmetauscher (14) erwärmt und teilweise verdampft, wobei der entstehende Dampf mindestens teilweise in die Kolonne freigesetzt wird, die Sumpffraktion in einem Stripper (32) in eine B enthaltende Fraktion (33) und eine Extraktionsmittelfraktion auftrennt, die Extraktionsmittelfraktion als Heizmedium für den zweiten Wärmetauscher nutzt, wobei eine teilweise abgekühlte Extraktionsmittelfraktion erhalten wird, und ein externes Heizmedium für den dritten Wärmetauscher verwendet, und die teilweise abgekühlte Extraktionsmittelfraktion als Heizmedium für den ersten Wärmetauscher (9) nutzt.
摘要:
Processes for forming refined hydrocarbons are disclosed. Exemplary processes include providing a first mixture comprising ≥ 10 wt% of at least one oxygenate; contacting at least a portion of the first mixture with a methanol conversion catalyst under suitable conditions including a first pressure, P 1 , to yield an intermediate composition including olefins having at least two carbon atoms; introducing at least a portion of the intermediate composition to an oligomerization catalyst under suitable conditions including a second pressure, P 2 , to yield an effluent mixture comprising gasoline boiling range components and distillate boiling range components; and recovering at least a portion of the gasoline boiling range components and distillate boiling range components. The first and second pressure can be relatively similar. Apparatus and systems for carrying out the disclosed processes are also described.